Geographic information -- Methodology for feature cataloguing

ISO 19110:2005 defines the methodology for cataloguing feature types and specifies how the classification of feature types is organized into a feature catalogue and presented to the users of a set of geographic data. ISO 19110:2005 is applicable to creating catalogues of feature types in previously uncatalogued domains and to revising existing feature catalogues to comply with standard practice. ISO 19110:2005 applies to the cataloguing of feature types that are represented in digital form. Its principles can be extended to the cataloguing of other forms of geographic data.
ISO 19110:2005 is applicable to the definition of geographic features at the type level. ISO 19110:2005 is not applicable to the representation of individual instances of each type and excludes spatial, temporal, and portrayal schemas as specified in ISO 19107, ISO 19108, and the future ISO 19117, respectively. It also excludes collection criteria for feature instances.
ISO 19910:2005 may be used as a basis for defining the universe of discourse being modelled in a particular application, or to standardize general aspects of real world features being modelled in more than one application.

Information géographique -- Méthodologie de catalogage des entités

L'ISO 19110:2005 définit la méthodologie de catalogage des types d'entités. Elle spécifie comment la classification des types d'entités est organisée dans un catalogue d'entités et présentée aux utilisateurs d'un jeu de données géographiques. L'ISO 19110:2005 s'applique à la création de catalogues de types d'entités dans des domaines jusqu'ici non catalogués et à la révision des catalogues d'entités existants pour qu'ils soient conformes aux pratiques normalisées. Elle s'applique au catalogage des types d'entités qui sont représentés sous forme numérique. Ses principes peuvent être élargis au catalogage d'autres formes de données géographiques.
L'ISO 19110:2005 s'applique à la définition d'entités géographiques au niveau du type d'entité. Elle ne s'applique pas à la représentation des instances individuelles de chaque type. Elle exclut les schémas spatiaux, temporels et de présentation tels que spécifiés, respectivement dans l'ISO 19107, l'ISO 19108 et l'ISO 19117. Elle exclut également les critères de collecte pour les instances d'entités.
L'ISO 19110:2005 peut être utilisée comme base permettant de définir l'univers du discours modélisé dans une application particulière ou pour normaliser les aspects généraux d'entités du monde réel modélisés dans plusieurs applications.

Geografske informacije – Metodologija za objektne kataloge

General Information

Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
30-Nov-2005
Withdrawal Date
31-Aug-2006
Technical Committee
Current Stage
9900 - Withdrawal (Adopted Project)
Start Date
01-Sep-2006
Due Date
01-Sep-2006
Completion Date
01-Sep-2006

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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19110
First edition
2005-02-15
Geographic information — Methodology
for feature cataloguing
Information géographique — Méthodologie de catalogage des entités

Reference number
©
ISO 2005
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.

©  ISO 2005
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope. 1
2 Conformance . 1
3 Normative references . 2
4 Terms and definitions. 2
5 Abbreviations . 3
6 Principal requirements . 4
6.1 Feature catalogue . 4
6.2 Information elements. 4
Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite. 6
Annex B (normative) Feature catalogue template. 16
Annex C (informative) Feature cataloguing examples. 31
Annex D (informative) Feature cataloguing concepts . 46
Bibliography . 55

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 19110 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.
iv © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

Introduction
Geographic features are real world phenomena associated with a location relative to the Earth, about which
data are collected, maintained, and disseminated. Feature catalogues defining the types of features, their
operations, attributes, and associations represented in geographic data are indispensable to turning the data
into usable information. Such feature catalogues promote the dissemination, sharing, and use of geographic
data through providing a better understanding of the content and meaning of the data. Unless suppliers and
users of geographic data have a shared understanding of the kinds of real world phenomena represented by
the data, users will be unable to judge whether the data supplied are fit for their purpose.
The availability of standard feature catalogues that can be used multiple times will reduce costs of data
acquisition and simplify the process of product specification for geographic datasets.
This International Standard provides a standard framework for organizing and reporting the classification of
real world phenomena in a set of geographic data. Any set of geographic data is a greatly simplified and
reduced abstraction of a complex and diverse world. A catalogue of feature types can never capture the
richness of geographic reality. However, such a feature catalogue should present the particular abstraction
represented in a given dataset clearly, precisely, and in a form readily understandable and accessible to users
of the data.
Geographic features occur at two levels: instances and types. At the instance level, a geographic feature is
represented as a discrete phenomenon that is associated with its geographic and temporal coordinates and
may be portrayed by a particular graphic symbol. These individual feature instances are grouped into classes
with common characteristics: feature types. It is recognized that geographic information is subjectively
perceived and that its content depends upon the needs of particular applications. The needs of particular
applications determine the way instances are grouped into types within a particular classification scheme.
ISO 19109, Geographic information ― Rules for application schema specifies how data shall be organized to
reflect the particular needs of applications with similar data requirements.
NOTE The full description of the contents and structure of a geographic dataset is given by the application schema
developed in compliance with ISO 19109. The feature catalogue defines the meaning of the feature types and their
associated feature attributes, feature operations and feature associations contained in the application schema.
The collection criteria used to identify individual real world phenomena and to represent them as feature
instances in a dataset are not specified in this International Standard. Because they are not included in the
standards, collection criteria should be included separately in the product specification for each dataset.
A standard way of organizing feature catalogue information will not automatically result in harmonization or
interoperability between applications. In situations where classifications of features differ, this International
Standard may at least serve to clarify the differences and thereby help to avoid the errors that would result
from ignoring them. It may also be used as a standard framework within which to harmonize existing feature
catalogues that have overlapping domains.

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19110:2005(E)

Geographic information — Methodology for feature cataloguing
1 Scope
This International Standard defines the methodology for cataloguing feature types. This International Standard
specifies how the classification of feature types is organized into a feature catalogue and presented to the
users of a set of geographic data. This International Standard is applicable to creating catalogues of feature
types in previously uncatalogued domains and to revising existing feature catalogues to comply with standard
practice. This International Standard applies to the cataloguing of feature types that are represented in digital
form. Its principles can be extended to the cataloguing of other forms of geographic data.
This International Standard is applicable to the definition of geographic features at the type level. This
International Standard is not applicable to the representation of individual instances of each type. This
International Standard excludes spatial, temporal, and portrayal schemas as specified in ISO 19107,
ISO 19108, and ISO 19117, respectively. It also excludes collection criteria for feature instances.
This International Standard may be used as a basis for defining the universe of discourse being modelled in a
particular application, or to standardize general aspects of real world features being modelled in more than
one application.
2 Conformance
Because this International Standard specifies a number of options that are not required for all feature
catalogues, this clause specifies 12 conformance classes. These classes are differentiated on the basis of
three criteria:
a) What elements of a feature type are required in a catalogue:
1) feature attributes only?
2) feature attributes and feature associations?
3) feature attributes, feature associations, and feature operations?
b) Is there a requirement to link feature attributes, feature associations, and feature operations to only one
feature type or may they be linked to multiple feature types?
c) Is there a requirement to include inheritance relationships in the feature catalogue?
Annex A specifies a test module for each of the conformance classes, as shown in Table 1.
Table 1 — Conformance classes
Attributes, Properties Inheritance
Attributes Attributes and
associations and associated with relationships Test module
only associations
operations multiple features included
X — — — — A.17
— X — — — A.18
— — X — — A.19
X — — X — A.20
— X — X — A.21
— — X X — A.22
X — — — X A.23
— X — — X A.24
— — X — X A.25
X — — X X A.26
— X — X X A.27
— — X X X A.28
3 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
1)
ISO/TS 19103:— , Geographic information — Conceptual schema language
1)
ISO 19109:— , Geographic information — Rules for application schema
ISO 19115:2003, Geographic information — Metadata
4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
4.1
feature
abstraction of real world phenomena
[ISO 19101]
EXAMPLE The phenomenon named ‘Eiffel Tower’ may be classified with other similar phenomena into a feature
type ‘tower’.
NOTE A feature may occur as a type or an instance. Feature type or feature instance should be used when only one
is meant.
1) To be published.
2 © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

4.2
feature association
relationship that links instances of one feature (4.1) type with instances of the same or a different feature type
4.3
feature attribute
characteristic of a feature (4.1)
[ISO 19101]
EXAMPLE 1 A feature attribute named ‘colour’ may have an attribute value ‘green’ which belongs to the data type
‘text’.
EXAMPLE 2 A feature attribute named ‘length’ may have an attribute value ’82,4’ which belongs to the data type ‘real’.
NOTE A feature attribute has a name, a data type, and a value domain associated to it. A feature attribute for a
feature instance also has an attribute value taken from the value domain.
4.4
feature catalogue
catalogue containing definitions and descriptions of the feature (4.1) types, feature attributes (4.3), and
feature associations (4.2) occurring in one or more sets of geographic data, together with any feature
operations that may be applied
4.5
feature operation
operation that every instance of a feature (4.1) type may perform
EXAMPLE A feature operation upon a ‘dam’ is to raise the dam. The results of this operation are to raise the height
of the ‘dam’ and the level of water in a ‘reservoir’.
NOTE Sometimes feature operations provide a basis for feature type definition.
4.6
functional language
language in which feature operations are formally specified
NOTE In a functional language, feature types may be represented as abstract data types.
5 Abbreviations
DIGEST Digital Geographic Information Exchange Standard
FACC Feature and Attribute Coding Catalogue
GFM General Feature Model
HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
IHO International Hydrographic Organization
TS Technical Specification
UML Unified Modeling Language
URI Uniform Resource Identifier
XML eXtensible Markup Language
...


INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19110
First edition
2005-02-15
Geographic information — Methodology
for feature cataloguing
Information géographique — Méthodologie de catalogage des entités

Reference number
©
ISO 2005
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.

©  ISO 2005
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope. 1
2 Conformance . 1
3 Normative references . 2
4 Terms and definitions. 2
5 Abbreviations . 3
6 Principal requirements . 4
6.1 Feature catalogue . 4
6.2 Information elements. 4
Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite. 6
Annex B (normative) Feature catalogue template. 16
Annex C (informative) Feature cataloguing examples. 31
Annex D (informative) Feature cataloguing concepts . 46
Bibliography . 55

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 19110 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.
iv © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

Introduction
Geographic features are real world phenomena associated with a location relative to the Earth, about which
data are collected, maintained, and disseminated. Feature catalogues defining the types of features, their
operations, attributes, and associations represented in geographic data are indispensable to turning the data
into usable information. Such feature catalogues promote the dissemination, sharing, and use of geographic
data through providing a better understanding of the content and meaning of the data. Unless suppliers and
users of geographic data have a shared understanding of the kinds of real world phenomena represented by
the data, users will be unable to judge whether the data supplied are fit for their purpose.
The availability of standard feature catalogues that can be used multiple times will reduce costs of data
acquisition and simplify the process of product specification for geographic datasets.
This International Standard provides a standard framework for organizing and reporting the classification of
real world phenomena in a set of geographic data. Any set of geographic data is a greatly simplified and
reduced abstraction of a complex and diverse world. A catalogue of feature types can never capture the
richness of geographic reality. However, such a feature catalogue should present the particular abstraction
represented in a given dataset clearly, precisely, and in a form readily understandable and accessible to users
of the data.
Geographic features occur at two levels: instances and types. At the instance level, a geographic feature is
represented as a discrete phenomenon that is associated with its geographic and temporal coordinates and
may be portrayed by a particular graphic symbol. These individual feature instances are grouped into classes
with common characteristics: feature types. It is recognized that geographic information is subjectively
perceived and that its content depends upon the needs of particular applications. The needs of particular
applications determine the way instances are grouped into types within a particular classification scheme.
ISO 19109, Geographic information ― Rules for application schema specifies how data shall be organized to
reflect the particular needs of applications with similar data requirements.
NOTE The full description of the contents and structure of a geographic dataset is given by the application schema
developed in compliance with ISO 19109. The feature catalogue defines the meaning of the feature types and their
associated feature attributes, feature operations and feature associations contained in the application schema.
The collection criteria used to identify individual real world phenomena and to represent them as feature
instances in a dataset are not specified in this International Standard. Because they are not included in the
standards, collection criteria should be included separately in the product specification for each dataset.
A standard way of organizing feature catalogue information will not automatically result in harmonization or
interoperability between applications. In situations where classifications of features differ, this International
Standard may at least serve to clarify the differences and thereby help to avoid the errors that would result
from ignoring them. It may also be used as a standard framework within which to harmonize existing feature
catalogues that have overlapping domains.

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19110:2005(E)

Geographic information — Methodology for feature cataloguing
1 Scope
This International Standard defines the methodology for cataloguing feature types. This International Standard
specifies how the classification of feature types is organized into a feature catalogue and presented to the
users of a set of geographic data. This International Standard is applicable to creating catalogues of feature
types in previously uncatalogued domains and to revising existing feature catalogues to comply with standard
practice. This International Standard applies to the cataloguing of feature types that are represented in digital
form. Its principles can be extended to the cataloguing of other forms of geographic data.
This International Standard is applicable to the definition of geographic features at the type level. This
International Standard is not applicable to the representation of individual instances of each type. This
International Standard excludes spatial, temporal, and portrayal schemas as specified in ISO 19107,
ISO 19108, and ISO 19117, respectively. It also excludes collection criteria for feature instances.
This International Standard may be used as a basis for defining the universe of discourse being modelled in a
particular application, or to standardize general aspects of real world features being modelled in more than
one application.
2 Conformance
Because this International Standard specifies a number of options that are not required for all feature
catalogues, this clause specifies 12 conformance classes. These classes are differentiated on the basis of
three criteria:
a) What elements of a feature type are required in a catalogue:
1) feature attributes only?
2) feature attributes and feature associations?
3) feature attributes, feature associations, and feature operations?
b) Is there a requirement to link feature attributes, feature associations, and feature operations to only one
feature type or may they be linked to multiple feature types?
c) Is there a requirement to include inheritance relationships in the feature catalogue?
Annex A specifies a test module for each of the conformance classes, as shown in Table 1.
Table 1 — Conformance classes
Attributes, Properties Inheritance
Attributes Attributes and
associations and associated with relationships Test module
only associations
operations multiple features included
X — — — — A.17
— X — — — A.18
— — X — — A.19
X — — X — A.20
— X — X — A.21
— — X X — A.22
X — — — X A.23
— X — — X A.24
— — X — X A.25
X — — X X A.26
— X — X X A.27
— — X X X A.28
3 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
1)
ISO/TS 19103:— , Geographic information — Conceptual schema language
1)
ISO 19109:— , Geographic information — Rules for application schema
ISO 19115:2003, Geographic information — Metadata
4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
4.1
feature
abstraction of real world phenomena
[ISO 19101]
EXAMPLE The phenomenon named ‘Eiffel Tower’ may be classified with other similar phenomena into a feature
type ‘tower’.
NOTE A feature may occur as a type or an instance. Feature type or feature instance should be used when only one
is meant.
1) To be published.
2 © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

4.2
feature association
relationship that links instances of one feature (4.1) type with instances of the same or a different feature type
4.3
feature attribute
characteristic of a feature (4.1)
[ISO 19101]
EXAMPLE 1 A feature attribute named ‘colour’ may have an attribute value ‘green’ which belongs to the data type
‘text’.
EXAMPLE 2 A feature attribute named ‘length’ may have an attribute value ’82,4’ which belongs to the data type ‘real’.
NOTE A feature attribute has a name, a data type, and a value domain associated to it. A feature attribute for a
feature instance also has an attribute value taken from the value domain.
4.4
feature catalogue
catalogue containing definitions and descriptions of the feature (4.1) types, feature attributes (4.3), and
feature associations (4.2) occurring in one or more sets of geographic data, together with any feature
operations that may be applied
4.5
feature operation
operation that every instance of a feature (4.1) type may perform
EXAMPLE A feature operation upon a ‘dam’ is to raise the dam. The results of this operation are to raise the height
of the ‘dam’ and the level of water in a ‘reservoir’.
NOTE Sometimes feature operations provide a basis for feature type definition.
4.6
functional language
language in which feature operations are formally specified
NOTE In a functional language, feature types may be represented as abstract data types.
5 Abbreviations
DIGEST Digital Geographic Information Exchange Standard
FACC Feature and Attribute Coding Catalogue
GFM General Feature Model
HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
IHO International Hydrographic Organization
TS Technical Specification
UML Unified Modeling Language
URI Uniform Resource Identifier
XML eXtensible Markup Language
...


SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2005
Geografske informacije – Metodologija za objektne kataloge
Geographic information -- Methodology for feature cataloguing
Information géographique -- Méthodologie de catalogage des entités
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 19110:2005
ICS:
07.040 Astronomija. Geodezija. Astronomy. Geodesy.
Geografija Geography
35.240.70 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in science
znanosti
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19110
First edition
2005-02-15
Geographic information — Methodology
for feature cataloguing
Information géographique — Méthodologie de catalogage des entités

Reference number
©
ISO 2005
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.

©  ISO 2005
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope. 1
2 Conformance . 1
3 Normative references . 2
4 Terms and definitions. 2
5 Abbreviations . 3
6 Principal requirements . 4
6.1 Feature catalogue . 4
6.2 Information elements. 4
Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite. 6
Annex B (normative) Feature catalogue template. 16
Annex C (informative) Feature cataloguing examples. 31
Annex D (informative) Feature cataloguing concepts . 46
Bibliography . 55

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 19110 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.
iv © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

Introduction
Geographic features are real world phenomena associated with a location relative to the Earth, about which
data are collected, maintained, and disseminated. Feature catalogues defining the types of features, their
operations, attributes, and associations represented in geographic data are indispensable to turning the data
into usable information. Such feature catalogues promote the dissemination, sharing, and use of geographic
data through providing a better understanding of the content and meaning of the data. Unless suppliers and
users of geographic data have a shared understanding of the kinds of real world phenomena represented by
the data, users will be unable to judge whether the data supplied are fit for their purpose.
The availability of standard feature catalogues that can be used multiple times will reduce costs of data
acquisition and simplify the process of product specification for geographic datasets.
This International Standard provides a standard framework for organizing and reporting the classification of
real world phenomena in a set of geographic data. Any set of geographic data is a greatly simplified and
reduced abstraction of a complex and diverse world. A catalogue of feature types can never capture the
richness of geographic reality. However, such a feature catalogue should present the particular abstraction
represented in a given dataset clearly, precisely, and in a form readily understandable and accessible to users
of the data.
Geographic features occur at two levels: instances and types. At the instance level, a geographic feature is
represented as a discrete phenomenon that is associated with its geographic and temporal coordinates and
may be portrayed by a particular graphic symbol. These individual feature instances are grouped into classes
with common characteristics: feature types. It is recognized that geographic information is subjectively
perceived and that its content depends upon the needs of particular applications. The needs of particular
applications determine the way instances are grouped into types within a particular classification scheme.
ISO 19109, Geographic information ― Rules for application schema specifies how data shall be organized to
reflect the particular needs of applications with similar data requirements.
NOTE The full description of the contents and structure of a geographic dataset is given by the application schema
developed in compliance with ISO 19109. The feature catalogue defines the meaning of the feature types and their
associated feature attributes, feature operations and feature associations contained in the application schema.
The collection criteria used to identify individual real world phenomena and to represent them as feature
instances in a dataset are not specified in this International Standard. Because they are not included in the
standards, collection criteria should be included separately in the product specification for each dataset.
A standard way of organizing feature catalogue information will not automatically result in harmonization or
interoperability between applications. In situations where classifications of features differ, this International
Standard may at least serve to clarify the differences and thereby help to avoid the errors that would result
from ignoring them. It may also be used as a standard framework within which to harmonize existing feature
catalogues that have overlapping domains.

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19110:2005(E)

Geographic information — Methodology for feature cataloguing
1 Scope
This International Standard defines the methodology for cataloguing feature types. This International Standard
specifies how the classification of feature types is organized into a feature catalogue and presented to the
users of a set of geographic data. This International Standard is applicable to creating catalogues of feature
types in previously uncatalogued domains and to revising existing feature catalogues to comply with standard
practice. This International Standard applies to the cataloguing of feature types that are represented in digital
form. Its principles can be extended to the cataloguing of other forms of geographic data.
This International Standard is applicable to the definition of geographic features at the type level. This
International Standard is not applicable to the representation of individual instances of each type. This
International Standard excludes spatial, temporal, and portrayal schemas as specified in ISO 19107,
ISO 19108, and ISO 19117, respectively. It also excludes collection criteria for feature instances.
This International Standard may be used as a basis for defining the universe of discourse being modelled in a
particular application, or to standardize general aspects of real world features being modelled in more than
one application.
2 Conformance
Because this International Standard specifies a number of options that are not required for all feature
catalogues, this clause specifies 12 conformance classes. These classes are differentiated on the basis of
three criteria:
a) What elements of a feature type are required in a catalogue:
1) feature attributes only?
2) feature attributes and feature associations?
3) feature attributes, feature associations, and feature operations?
b) Is there a requirement to link feature attributes, feature associations, and feature operations to only one
feature type or may they be linked to multiple feature types?
c) Is there a requirement to include inheritance relationships in the feature catalogue?
Annex A specifies a test module for each of the conformance classes, as shown in Table 1.
Table 1 — Conformance classes
Attributes, Properties Inheritance
Attributes Attributes and
associations and associated with relationships Test module
only associations
operations multiple features included
X — — — — A.17
— X — — — A.18
— — X — — A.19
X — — X — A.20
— X — X — A.21
— — X X — A.22
X — — — X A.23
— X — — X A.24
— — X — X A.25
X — — X X A.26
— X — X X A.27
— — X X X A.28
3 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
1)
ISO/TS 19103:— , Geographic information — Conceptual schema language
1)
ISO 19109:— , Geographic information — Rules for application schema
ISO 19115:2003, Geographic information — Metadata
4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
4.1
feature
abstraction of real world phenomena
[ISO 19101]
EXAMPLE The phenomenon named ‘Eiffel Tower’ may be classified with other similar phenomena into a feature
type ‘tower’.
NOTE A feature may occur as a type or an instance. Feature type or feature instance should be used when only one
is meant.
1) To be published.
2 © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

4.2
feature association
relationship that links instances of one feature (4.1) type with instances of the same or a different feature type
4.3
feature attribute
characteristic of a feature (4.1)
[ISO 19101]
EXAMPLE 1 A feature attribute named ‘colour’ may have an attribute value ‘green’ which belongs to the data type
‘text’.
EXAMPLE 2 A feature attribute named ‘length’ may have an attribute value ’82,4’ which belongs to the data type ‘real’.
NOTE A feature attribute has a name, a data type, and a value domain associated to it. A feature attribute for a
feature instance also has an attribute value taken from the value domain.
4.4
feature catalogue
catalogue containing definitions and descriptions of the feature (4.1) types, feature attributes (4.3), and
feature associations (4.2) occurring in one or more sets
...


NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 19110
Première édition
2005-02-15
Information géographique —
Méthodologie de catalogage des entités
Geographic information — Methodology for feature cataloguing

Numéro de référence
©
ISO 2005
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT

©  ISO 2005
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Version française parue en 2011
Publié en Suisse
ii © ISO 2005 – Tous droits réservés

Sommaire Page
Avant-propos . iv
Introduction . iv
1  Domaine d'application . 1
2  Conformité . 1
3  Références normatives . 2
4  Termes et définitions . 2
5  Abréviations . 3
6  Exigences principales . 4
6.1  Catalogue d’entités . 4
6.2  Éléments d’information . 4
Annexe A (normative) Suite d’essais abstraits. 6
Annexe B (normative) Modèle de catalogue d'entités . 17
Annexe C (informative) Exemples de catalogage des entités . 32
Annexe D (informative) Concepts de catalogage des entités . 47
Bibliographie . 56

Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes nationaux de
normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général confiée
aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du
comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore étroitement avec
la Commission électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les Normes internationales sont rédigées conformément aux règles données dans les Directives ISO/CEI,
Partie 2.
La tâche principale des comités techniques est d'élaborer les Normes internationales. Les projets de Normes
internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis aux comités membres pour vote. Leur
publication comme Normes internationales requiert l'approbation de 75 % au moins des comités membres
votants.
L'attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne
pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence.
L'ISO 19110 a été élaborée par le comité technique ISO/TC 211, Information géographique/Géomatique.
iv © ISO 2005 – Tous droits réservés

Introduction
Les entités géographiques sont des phénomènes du monde réel associés à un lieu sur la Terre, au sujet
desquels des données sont recueillies, tenues à jour et diffusées. Les catalogues d’entités qui définissent les
types d'entités, leurs opérations, leurs attributs et leurs associations représentés sous forme de données
géographiques sont indispensables pour transformer les données en informations exploitables. De tels
catalogues d’entités favorisent la diffusion, le partage et l’utilisation des données géographiques en facilitant
la compréhension du contenu et de la signification des données. À moins que les fournisseurs et les
utilisateurs de données géographiques ne partagent la même compréhension des types de phénomènes du
monde réel représentés par les données, les utilisateurs ne pourront pas juger si les données fournies
conviennent à leurs besoins.
La disponibilité de catalogues d’entités normalisés pouvant être utilisés à de multiples reprises réduira les
coûts d’acquisition des données et simplifiera le processus de spécification de produit pour les jeux de
données géographiques.
La présente Norme internationale fournit un cadre normalisé d’organisation et de présentation de la
classification des phénomènes du monde réel dans un jeu de données géographiques. Tout jeu de données
géographiques constitue une abstraction grandement simplifiée et réduite d’un monde complexe et divers. Un
catalogue de types d'entités ne peut jamais saisir la richesse de la réalité géographique. Il convient toutefois
qu’il présente l’abstraction particulière représentée dans un jeu de données d’une façon claire et précise et
sous une forme facilement compréhensible et accessible aux utilisateurs des données.
Il existe deux niveaux d’entités géographiques: les instances et les types. Au niveau de l’instance, une entité
géographique est représentée comme un phénomène discret qui est associé à des coordonnées
géographiques et temporelles et peut être caractérisé par un symbole graphique particulier. Ces instances
d’entités individuelles sont regroupées en classes ayant des caractéristiques communes: les types d'entités. Il
est reconnu que l’information géographique est perçue de manière subjective et que son contenu dépend des
besoins particuliers des applications. Les besoins particuliers des applications déterminent la manière dont les
instances d’entités sont regroupées en types d'entités à l’intérieur d’un système de classification particulier.
L’ISO 19109, Information géographique — Règles de schéma d’application, spécifie comment les données
doivent être organisées afin de refléter les besoins particuliers des applications présentant des exigences
similaires en matière de données.
NOTE La description complète du contenu et de la structure d’un jeu de données géographiques est donnée par le
schéma d’application développé conformément à l’ISO 19109. Le catalogue d’entités définit la signification des types
d'entités et des attributs, opérations et associations d’entités associés contenus dans le schéma d’application.
Les critères de collecte servant à identifier les phénomènes individuels du monde réel et à les représenter
sous forme d’instances d’entités dans un jeu de données ne sont pas spécifiés dans la présente Norme
internationale. Parce qu’ils ne sont pas inclus dans les normes, il convient d’inclure ces critères de collecte
séparément dans la spécification de produit de chaque jeu de données.
L’organisation normalisée des informations d’un catalogue d’entités n’aboutira pas automatiquement à une
harmonisation des applications ou à leur interopérabilité. Dans les situations où les classifications des entités
sont différentes, la présente Norme internationale peut au moins servir à clarifier les différences et, de cette
façon, aider à éviter les erreurs qui résulteraient de leur non-prise en compte. La norme peut également être
utilisée comme cadre standard d’harmonisation des catalogues d’entités existants dont les domaines se
chevauchent.
NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 19110:2005(F)

Information géographique — Méthodologie de catalogage des
entités
1 Domaine d'application
La présente Norme internationale définit la méthodologie de catalogage des types d'entités. Elle spécifie
comment la classification des types d'entités est organisée dans un catalogue d’entités et présentée aux
utilisateurs d’un jeu de données géographiques. La présente Norme internationale s’applique à la création de
catalogues de types d'entités dans des domaines jusqu’ici non catalogués et à la révision des catalogues
d’entités existants pour qu'ils soient conformes aux pratiques normalisées. Elle s’applique au catalogage des
types d'entités qui sont représentés sous forme numérique. Ses principes peuvent être élargis au catalogage
d’autres formes de données géographiques.
La présente Norme internationale s’applique à la définition d’entités géographiques au niveau du type d’entité.
Elle ne s’applique pas à la représentation des instances individuelles de chaque type. Elle exclut les schémas
spatiaux, temporels et de présentation tels que spécifiés, respectivement dans l’ISO 19107, l’ISO 19108 et
l’ISO 19117. Elle exclut également les critères de collecte pour les instances d’entités.
La présente Norme internationale peut être utilisée comme base permettant de définir l’univers du discours
modélisé dans une application particulière ou pour normaliser les aspects généraux d’entités du monde réel
modélisés dans plusieurs applications.
2 Conformité
Parce que la présente Norme internationale stipule un certain nombre d’options qui ne sont pas exigées pour
tous les catalogues d’entités, cet article précise 12 classes de conformité. Ces classes se différencient sur la
base de trois critères:
a) Quels sont les éléments d’un type d’entité qui sont nécessaires à un catalogue?
1) Uniquement les attributs d'entité?
2) Les attributs d'entité et des associations d’entités?
3) Les attributs d'entité, des associations d’entités et des opérations d'entité?
b) Y a-t-il une obligation de lier les attributs, les associations et les opérations d'entités à un seul type
d'entité ou peuvent-ils être liés à de multiples types d'entités?
c) Y a-t-il une obligation d'inclure les relations d'héritage dans le catalogue d’entités?
L’Annexe A indique un module d’essai pour chacune des classes de conformité présentées dans le Tableau 1.
Tableau 1 — Classes de conformité
Attributs, Propriétés associées Relations
Attributs Attributs et Module
associations et à de multiples d’héritage
seulement associations d’essai
opérations entités incluses
X — — — — A.17
— X — — — A.18
— — X — — A.19
X — — X — A.20
— X — X — A.21
— — X X — A.22
X — — — X A.23
— X — — X A.24
— — X — X A.25
X — — X X A.26
— X — X X A.27
— — X X X A.28
3 Références normatives
Les documents de référence suivants sont indispensables pour l’application du présent document. Pour les
références datées, seule l’édition citée s’applique. Pour les références non datées, la dernière édition du
'
document de référence sapplique (y compris les éventuels amendements).
1)
ISO/TS 19103:— , Information géographique — Langage de schéma conceptuel
1)
ISO 19109:— , Information géographique — Règles de schéma d'application
ISO 19115:2003, Information géographique — Métadonnées
4 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions suivants s'appliquent.
4.1
entité
abstraction de phénomènes du monde réel
[ISO 19101]
EXEMPLE Le phénomène nommé «Tour Eiffel» peut être classé avec d'autres phénomènes similaires dans un type
d'entité «tour».
NOTE Une entité peut se présenter sous la forme d’un type ou d’une instance. Il convient de n’utiliser type d’entité ou
instance d’entité que lorsque l’un d’eux seulement est impliqué.

1) À publier.
2 © ISO 2005 – Tous droits réservés

4.2
association d’entités
relation qui relie les instances d’un type d’entité (4.1) à des instances du même type d'entité ou d'un type
d'entité différent
4.3
attribut d’entité
caractéristique d’une entité (4.1)
[ISO 19101]
EXEMPLE 1 Un attribut d’entité nommé «couleur» peut avoir une valeur d’attribut «vert» qui appartient au type de
donnée «texte».
EXEMPLE 2 Un attribut d’entité nommé «longueur» peut avoir une valeur d’attribut «82,4» qui appartient au type de
donnée «réel».
NOTE Un attribut d’entité possède un nom, un type de donnée et un domaine de valeur qui lui sont associés. Un
attribut d’entité pour une instance d’entité possède également une valeur d’attribut émanant du domaine de valeur.
4.4
catalogue d’entités
catalogue contenant des définitions et des descriptions de types d'entités (4.1), d’attributs d'entité (4.3) et
d’associations d’entités (4,2) apparaissant dans un ou plusieurs jeux de données géographiques, en même
temps que toutes les opérations d'entité (4.5) pouvant s’appliquer.
4.5
opération d’entité
fonction que chaque instance d’un type d’entité (4.1) peut accomplir
EXEMPLE Une opération d’entité sur un «barrage» est de rehausser le barrage. Les résultats de cette opération
sont d’augmenter la hauteur du «barrage» et le niveau de l’eau dans un «réservoir».
NOTE Il arrive que les opérations d'entité fournissent une base pour la définition du type d’entité.
4.6
langage fonctionnel
langage dans lequel les opérations d'entité sont formellement définies
NOTE Dans un langage fonctionnel, les types d'entités peuvent être représentés sous forme de types de
...

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