SIST-TS ISO/TS 19130:2010

TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 19130
First edition
2010-06-15
Geographic information — Imagery
sensor models for geopositioning
Information géographique — Modèles de capteurs d'images de
géopositionnement
Reference number
©
ISO 2010
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ii © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Conformance .1
3 Normative references.2
4 Terms and definitions .2
5 Symbols and abbreviated terms .11
5.1 Abbreviated terms .11
5.2 Notation .13
6 Image geopositioning: overview and common elements .13
6.1 Introduction.13
6.2 Type of geopositioning information .14
6.3 Calibration data .15
6.4 Ground control points.16
7 Physical Sensor Models .19
7.1 Sensor types .19
7.2 Physical Sensor Model approach .23
7.3 Quality associated with Physical Sensor Models .29
7.4 Physical Sensor Model metadata .31
7.5 Location and orientation.32
7.6 Sensor parameters .37
8 True Replacement Models and Correspondence Models .43
8.1 Functional fitting .43
8.2 True Replacement Model approach.44
8.3 Quality associated with a True Replacement Model.50
8.4 Schema for True Replacement Model .52
8.5 Correspondence Model approach .53
8.6 Schema for Correspondence Models.56
Annex A (normative) Conformance and testing .57
Annex B (normative) Geolocation information data dictionary .60
Annex C (normative) Coordinate systems .77
Annex D (informative) Frame sensor model metadata profile supporting precise geopositioning .106
Annex E (informative) Pushbroom / Whiskbroom sensor model metadata profile.114
Annex F (informative) Synthetic Aperture Radar sensor model metadata profile supporting
precise geopositioning .128
Bibliography.140

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
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International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
In other circumstances, particularly when there is an urgent market requirement for such documents, a
technical committee may decide to publish other types of normative document:
⎯ an ISO Publicly Available Specification (ISO/PAS) represents an agreement between technical experts in
an ISO working group and is accepted for publication if it is approved by more than 50 % of the members
of the parent committee casting a vote;
⎯ an ISO Technical Specification (ISO/TS) represents an agreement between the members of a technical
committee and is accepted for publication if it is approved by 2/3 of the members of the committee casting
a vote.
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International Standard or be withdrawn.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/TS 19130 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.
iv © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

Introduction
The purpose of this Technical Specification is to specify the geolocation information that an imagery data
provider shall supply in order for the user to be able to find the earth location of the data using a Physical
Sensor Model, a True Replacement Model or a Correspondence Model. Detailed Physical Sensor Models are
defined for passive electro-optical visible/infrared (IR) sensors (frame, pushbroom and whiskbroom) and for an
active microwave sensing system (Synthetic Aperture Radar). A set of components from which models for
other sensors can be constructed is also provided. Metadata required for geopositioning using a True
Replacement Model, a Correspondence Model, or ground control points are also specified. The intent is to
standardize sensor descriptions and specify the minimum geolocation metadata requirements for data
providers and geopositioning imagery systems.
Vast amounts of data from imaging systems are collected, processed and distributed by government mapping
and remote sensing agencies and commercial data vendors. In order for this data to be useful in extraction of
geographic information, it requires further processing. Geopositioning, which determines the ground
coordinates of an object from image coordinates, is a fundamental processing step. Because of the diversity
of sensor types and the lack of a common sensor model standard, data from different producers can contain
different parametric information, lack parameters required to describe the sensor that produces the data, or
lack ancillary information necessary for geopositioning and analysing the data. Consequently, a separate
software package often has to be developed to deal with data from each individual sensor or data producer.
Standard sensor models and geolocation metadata allow agencies or vendors to develop generalized
software products that are applicable to data from multiple data producers or from multiple sensors. With such
a standard, different producers can describe the geolocation information of their data in the same way, thus
promoting interoperability of data between application systems and facilitating data exchange.
This Technical Specification defines the set of metadata elements specified for providing sensor model and
other geopositioning data to users. For the case where a Physical Sensor Model is provided, it includes a
location model and metadata relevant to all sensors; it also includes metadata specific to whiskbroom,
pushbroom, frame, and SAR sensors. It also includes metadata for functional fit geopositioning, where the
function is part of a Correspondence Model or a True Replacement Model. This Technical Specification also
provides a schema for all of these metadata elements.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 19130:2010(E)

Geographic information — Imagery sensor models for
geopositioning
1 Scope
This Technical Specification identifies the information required to determine the relationship between the
position of a remotely sensed pixel in image coordinates and its geoposition. It supports exploitation of
remotely sensed images. It defines the metadata to be distributed with the image to enable user determination
of geographic position from the observations.
This Technical Specification specifies several ways in which information in support of geopositioning may be
provided.
a) It may be provided as a sensor description with the associated physical and geometric information
necessary to rigorously construct a Physical Sensor Model. For the case where precise geoposition
information is needed, this Technical Specification identifies the mathematical formulae for rigorously
constructing Physical Sensor Models that relate two-dimensional image space to three-dimensional
ground space and the calculation of the associated propagated errors. This Technical Specification
provides detailed information for three types of passive electro-optical/infrared (IR) sensors (frame,
pushbroom and whiskbroom) and for an active microwave sensing system [Synthetic Aperture Radar
(SAR)]. It provides a framework by which these sensor models can be extended to other sensor types.
b) It may be provided as a True Replacement Model, using functions whose coefficients are based on a
Physical Sensor Model so that they provide information for precise geopositioning, including the
calculation of errors, as precisely as the Physical Sensor Model they replace.
c) It may be provided as a Correspondence Model that provides a functional fitting based on observed
relationships between the geopositions of a set of ground control points and their image coordinates.
d) It may be provided as a set of ground control points that can be used to develop a Correspondence
Model or to refine a Physical Sensor Model or True Replacement Model.
This Technical Specification does not specify either how users derive geoposition data or the format or
content of the data the users generate.
2 Conformance
This Technical Specification specifies four conformance classes. There is one conformance class for each of
the methods specified for providing geopositioning information. Any set of geoposit
...