SIST EN ISO 21809-2:2026

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-april-2026
Naftna in plinska industrija, vključno z nizkoogljično energijo - Zunanje prevleke
za cevovode, zakopane v zemljo ali potopljene v vodo, v sistemih cevovodnega
transporta - 2. del: Enoplastne epoksidne prevleke, nataljene na podlago (ISO
21809-2:2026)
Oil and gas industries including lower carbon energy - External coatings for buried or
submerged pipelines used in pipeline transportation systems - Part 2: Single layer
fusion-bonded epoxy coatings (ISO 21809-2:2026)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz, y compris les énergies à faible teneur en carbone -
Revêtements externes des conduites enterrées ou immergées utilisées dans les
systèmes de transport par conduites - Partie 2: Revêtements monocouche à base de
résine époxydique appliquée par fusion (ISO 21809-2:2026)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 21809-2:2026
ICS:
25.220.99 Druge obdelave in prevleke Other treatments and
coatings
75.200 Oprema za skladiščenje Petroleum products and
nafte, naftnih proizvodov in natural gas handling
zemeljskega plina equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 21809-2
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
February 2026
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 75.200 Supersedes EN ISO 21809-2:2014
English Version
Oil and gas industries including lower carbon energy -
External coatings for buried or submerged pipelines used
in pipeline transportation systems - Part 2: Single layer
fusion-bonded epoxy coatings (ISO 21809-2:2026)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz, y compris les énergies
à faible teneur en carbone - Revêtements externes des
conduites enterrées ou immergées utilisées dans les
systèmes de transport par conduites - Partie 2:
Revêtements monocouche à base de résine époxydique
appliquée par fusion (ISO 21809-2:2026)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 February 2026.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2026 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 21809-2:2026 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 21809-2:2026) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67 "Oil and
gas industries including lower carbon energy" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC
459/SC 10 “Steel tubes, and iron and steel fittings” the secretariat of which is held by UNI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2026, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by August 2026.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 21809-2:2014.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 21809-2:2026 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 21809-2:2026 without any
modification.
International
Standard
ISO 21809-2
Third edition
Oil and gas industries including
2026-02
lower carbon energy — External
coatings for buried or submerged
pipelines used in pipeline
transportation systems —
Part 2:
Single-layer fusion-bonded epoxy
coatings
Industries du pétrole et du gaz, y compris les énergies à faible
teneur en carbone — Revêtements externes des conduites
enterrées ou immergées utilisées dans les systèmes de transport
par conduites —
Partie 2: Revêtements monocouche à base de résine époxydique
appliquée par fusion
Reference number
ISO 21809-2:2026(en) © ISO 2026

ISO 21809-2:2026(en)
© ISO 2026
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO 21809-2:2026(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms. 6
4.1 Symbols .6
4.2 Abbreviated terms .6
5 General requirements . 7
5.1 Rounding .7
5.2 Conformity to requirements .7
6 Information supplied by the purchaser . 7
6.1 General information.7
6.2 Additional information.8
7 Coating classification . 8
8 Qualification processes . 9
8.1 General .9
8.2 Qualification scheme .9
8.3 Coating qualification (CQ) .10
8.3.1 General .10
8.3.2 Properties of epoxy powder .11
8.3.3 Requirements for epoxy powder . 12
8.3.4 Repair material . 13
9 Application of coating .13
9.1 General . 13
9.2 Surface preparation .14
9.2.1 Initial evaluation and surface preparation .14
9.2.2 Abrasive blast cleaning .14
9.2.3 Surface dust contamination .14
9.2.4 Surface cleanliness and pretreatment .14
9.3 Coating application and curing temperature . 15
9.3.1 General . 15
9.3.2 Recycled powder . 15
9.4 Coating thickness . 15
9.5 Cutback . 15
10 Qualification of coating application and coating system .16
10.1 General .16
10.2 Application procedure specification (APS) .16
10.3 Inspection and testing plan (ITP).17
10.4 Procedure qualification trial (PQT) .17
10.5 Coating system qualification (CSQ) .18
10.6 Pre-production trial (PPT) .19
10.7 Inspection and testing during production .19
10.8 Minimum requirements for qualification and production . 20
11 Inspection and testing .23
11.1 General . 23
11.2 Testing of incoming epoxy powder . 23
11.3 In-process and finished product testing requirements . 23
11.3.1 General . 23
11.3.2 Holiday inspection . 23
11.3.3 Production test rings .24
11.4 Test results .24

iii
ISO 21809-2:2026(en)
12 Repair of coated pipe .25
12.1 General . 25
12.2 Repair of holidays . 25
12.2.1 Pinholes and small holidays . 25
12.2.2 Large defects . 25
12.2.3 Inspection of repaired area . 25
12.3 Stripping and recoating . 25
13 Markings .25
13.1 General . 25
13.2 Required markings . 25
14 Handling and storage in the coating area .26
14.1 Handling . 26
14.2 Storage . 26
15 Test reports and inspection documents .26
15.1 General . 26
15.2 Common requirements for reports .27
15.3 Specific requirements for test reports . 28
15.4 Specific requirements for sampling reports . 28
15.5 Reporting statements of conformity . 28
15.6 Reporting opinions and interpretations. 29
15.7 Amendments to reports . 29
Annex A (normative) Inspection of thickness .30
Annex B (normative) Holiday detection test .31
Annex C (normative) Cure time of the epoxy powder .33
Annex D (normative) Thermal analysis of epoxy powder and cured coating film.36
Annex E (normative) Resistance to impact of the coating .43
Annex F (normative) Dry adhesion test .45
Annex G (normative) Particle size of epoxy powder .46
Annex H (normative) Cathodic disbondment test . 47
Annex I (normative) Flexibility of the coating .56
Annex J (normative) Gel time of the epoxy powder .58
Annex K (normative) Total volatile or moisture content of the epoxy powder — Mass loss .60
Annex L (normative) Hot-water adhesion of the coating .62
Annex M (normative) Density of the epoxy powder .64
Annex N (normative) Interface contamination of the coating .66
Annex O (normative) Porosity of the coating .70
Bibliography .72

iv
ISO 21809-2:2026(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Oil and gas industries including lower carbon
energy, Subcommittee SC 2, Pipeline transportation systems, in collaboration with the European Committee
for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 459/SC 10, Steel tubes, and iron and steel fittings, in
accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 21809-2:2014), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— inclusion of new classifications for materials with glass transitions greater than 115 °C;
— inclusion of a qualification scheme;
— harmonization with the other parts of the ISO 21809 series;
— renumbering and rearranging of the annexes;
— changes in various annexes.
A list of all the parts in the ISO 21809 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

v
International Standard ISO 21809-2:2026(en)
Oil and gas industries including lower carbon energy —
External coatings for buried or submerged pipelines used in
pipeline transportation systems —
Part 2:
Single-layer fusion-bonded epoxy coatings
1 Scope
This document specifies the requirements for qualification, application, inspection, testing handling
and storage of materials for plant application of single-layer fusion-bonded epoxy (FBE) coatings applied
externally for the corrosion protection of bare steel pipe for use in pipeline transportation systems for oil
and gas industries as defined in ISO 13623.
NOTE Pipes coated in accordance with this document are considered suitable for additional protection by means
of cathodic protection.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 8130-2, Coating powders — Part 2: Determination of density by gas comparison pycnometer (referee
method)
ISO 8130-3, Coating powders — Part 3: Determination of density by liquid displacement pycnometer
ISO 8501-1, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products — Visual
assessment of surface cleanliness — Part 1: Rust grades and preparation grades of uncoated steel substrates and
of steel substrates after overall removal of previous coatings
ISO 8502-3, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products — Tests for the
assessment of surface cleanliness — Part 3: Assessment of dust on steel surfaces prepared for painting (pressure-
sensitive tape method)
ISO 8502-6, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products — Tests for
the assessment of surface cleanliness — Part 6: Extraction of water soluble contaminants for analysis (Bresle
method)
ISO 8502-9, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products — Tests for the
assessment of surface cleanliness — Part 9: Field method for the conductometric determination of water-soluble
salts
ISO 8503-4, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products — Surface
roughness characteristics of blast-cleaned steel substrates — Part 4: Method for the calibration of ISO surface
profile comparators and for the determination of surface profile — Stylus instrument procedure
ISO 8503-5, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products — Surface
roughness characteristics of blast-cleaned steel substrates — Part 5: Replica tape method for the determination
of the surface profile
ISO 21809-2:2026(en)
ISO 10474, Steel and steel products — Inspection documents
ISO 11124 (all parts), Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products —
Specifications for metallic blast-cleaning abrasives
ISO 11126 (all parts), Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products —
Specifications for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives
ISO 11357-1, Plastics — Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) — Part 1: General principles
ISO 11357-2, Plastics — Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) — Part 2: Determination of glass transition
temperature and step height
ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
ISO 19840, Paints and varnishes — Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems —
Measurement of, and acceptance criteria for, the thickness of dry films on rough surfaces
ISO 80000-1, Quantities and units — Part 1: General
EN 10204, Metallic products — Types of inspection documents
ASTM D4285, Standard Test Method for Indicating Oil or Water in Compressed Air
ASTM D4940, Standard Test Method for Conductimetric Analysis of Water Soluble Ionic Contamination of
Blasting Abrasives
SSPC-AB 1, Mineral and Slag Abrasives
SSPC-AB 2, Cleanliness of Recycled Ferrous Metallic Abrasives
SSPC-AB 3, Ferrous Metallic Abrasive
SSPC-PA2, Procedure for Determining Conformance to Dry Coating Thickness Requirements
SSPC-SP 1, Solvent cleaning
SSPC-Guide 15, Field Methods for Extraction and Analysis of Soluble Salts on Steel and Other Nonporous
Substrates
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
adhesion
bond between coating and substrate
3.2
application procedure specification
APS
document describing procedures, methods, equipment and tools used for coating application

ISO 21809-2:2026(en)
3.3
applicator
company that undertakes the coating application
Note 1 to entry: The coating application shall be in accordance with this document.
3.4
batch
quantity of material produced in a continuous manufacturing operation using raw materials of the same
source and grade
3.5
batch certificate
document provided by the manufacturer (3.17) that contains the results of specific tests or analysis,
including test methodology, performed on a defined lot of the manufacturer’s product and corresponding
conformity ranges for each coating system
3.6
coating qualification
CQ
qualification of the coating materials properties carried out by the manufacturer (3.17) before the coating
system qualification (3.7)
3.7
coating system qualification
CSQ
qualification of application method, applied coating system and subsequent inspection or testing of its
properties, to confirm that the APS (3.2) is adequate to produce a coating with the specified properties
3.8
cutback
length of pipe left uncoated at each end for joining purposes
3.9
design temperature
temperature, that can be endured by a pipeline (3.24) (component) during operation, including maximum
and minimum temperatures, likely to be reached during transport, storage, handling, installation, upset
conditions and operation
Note 1 to entry: The design temperature range of the coating can be narrower than that specified for the steel pipe
material.
3.10
dummy pipe
pipe having the same outside diameter and wall thickness of the project pipes
Note 1 to entry: Dummy pipes and coated dummy pipes shall be representative of the production and shall be coated
in accordance with approved APS (3.2).
3.11
end user
company (or companies) that owns or operates pipeline(s) (3.24)
Note 1 to entry: There can be a combination of ownership and operating.
3.12
glass transition
reversible change in an amorphous polymer or in amorphous regions of a partially crystalline polymer from
(or to) a viscous or rubbery condition to (or from) a hard and relatively brittle one

ISO 21809-2:2026(en)
3.13
holiday
coating discontinuity that exhibits electrical conductivity when exposed to a specific voltage
3.14
inspection certificate
document giving the results of the testing of coated pipes, supplied and signed by a representative of the
applicator (3.3) authorized to issue such documents
Note 1 to entry: The inspection certificate shall be issued in accordance with ISO 10474 or EN 10204.
3.15
inspection and testing plan
ITP
document providing an overview of the sequence of inspections and tests, including appropriate resources
and procedures
3.16
laboratory-coated test specimen
specimen (3.30) taken from a laboratory-prepared panel
3.17
manufacturer
company responsible for the manufacture of coating material(s)
3.18
manufacturer’s specification
document that specifies the characteristics, test requirements and application recommendations for the
coating materials
3.19
maximum service temperature
T
max
maximum continuous temperature that the coating can resist based on information from coating material
manufacturer (3.17)
3.20
minimum service temperature
T
min
minimum continuous temperature that the coating can resist based on information from coating material
manufacturer (3.17)
3.21
operating temperature
temperature that can be endured by a pipeline (3.24) (component) during operation, within the design
temperature (3.9) range
3.22
shipment
individual container received at the site of the applicator (3.3) with a total mass of epoxy powder not to
exceed 25 000 kg
3.23
pipe diameter length
length along the pipe axis equal to the specified outside diameter of the pipe
3.24
pipeline
facilities through which fluids are conveyed, including pipe, pig traps, components, appurtenances, spools,
risers, isolating valves, and sectionalizing valves

ISO 21809-2:2026(en)
3.25
pre-production trial
PPT
application of a coating and subsequent inspection or testing of its properties, to confirm that the application
procedure specification (3.2) is adequate to produce a coating with the specified properties, carried out in the
coating plant immediately prior to start of production and to verify that the plant's equipment is adequate to
consistently adhere to the APS (3.2) requirements
3.26
procedure qualification trial
PQT
application of a coating and subsequent inspection or testing of its properties, to confirm that the coatings
produced in accordance with the APS (3.2) and ITP (3.15) are acceptable within the specified properties,
carried out in the coating plant at a specific coating line and to verify that the plant's equipment is adequate
to consistently adhere to the APS requirements
3.27
purchaser
company responsible for providing the purchase order requirements
3.28
record
information created, received, and maintained as evidence and as an asset by an organization or person, in
pursuit of legal obligations or in the transaction of business
Note 1 to entry: Maintained information can be in different formats such as on paper and digital.
[SOURCE: ISO 15489-1:2016, 3.14, modified — The term has been changed from "record(s)" to "record";
note 1 to entry has been added.]
3.29
sample
portion of material taken from a batch (3.4) of raw material or coating that represents the properties of the
complete batch
3.30
specimen
object prepared for the purpose of testing specific properties
Note 1 to entry: Specimens may be as follows: the coating material; a flat panel or similar prepared specifically for
testing; a coupon, ring or similar that has been cut from a pipe; a pipe that has been coated in production or otherwise,
in laboratory or plant conditions.
3.31
test report
document that provides the quantitative test results for tests conducted in accordance with document
specific requirements
3.32
test ring
specimen (3.30) taken from production-coated pipe

ISO 21809-2:2026(en)
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
4.1 Symbols
C percentage conversion of FBE coating, expressed as a percentage
D the required angle of deflection per pipe diameter length
t effective specimen thickness, expressed in millimetres
ΔH exothermic heat of reaction, expressed in joules per gram
m mass, expressed in grams
R mandrel radius, expressed in millimetres
T glass transition temperature, expressed in degrees Celcius
g
ΔT difference in the glass transition temperature between two successive thermal analysis scans, ex-
g
pressed in degrees Celsius
T maximum service temperature, expressed in degrees Celcius
max
T minimum service temperature, expressed in degrees Celcius
min
ρ
density of the epoxy powder, expressed in grams per cubic centimetre
p
ρ
density of the mineral spirits, expressed in grams per cubic centimetre
s
w mass fraction of the epoxy power retained on a sieve, expressed as a percentage of total sample
ep
w mass fraction of moisture, expressed as a percentage
m
4.2 Abbreviated terms
APS application procedure specification
CQ coating qualification
CSQ coating system qualification
DC direct current
DSC differential scanning calorimetry
FBE fusion-bonded epoxy
HRC Rockwell C scale hardness
ILAC International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation
ITP inspection and testing plan
NPS nominal pipe size
OD outer diameter
ppd per pipe diameter
PPT pre-production trial
ISO 21809-2:2026(en)
PQT procedure qualification trial
5 General requirements
5.1 Rounding
Unless otherwise stated in this document, to determine conformity to the specified requirements, observed
or calculated values shall be rounded to the nearest unit in the last right-hand place of figures used in
expressing the limiting value, in accordance with ISO 80000-1.
NOTE For the purposes of this provision, the rounding method of ASTM E29 is equivalent to ISO 80000-1.
5.2 Conformity to requirements
A quality system and an environmental management system should be applied to assist conformity to the
requirements of this document.
NOTE ISO 9001 provides requirements on a quality management system and ISO 14001 provides requirements
on the selection and use of an environmental management system.
The applicator shall be responsible for conforming to all the applicable requirements of this document. The
purchaser shall be allowed to make any investigation necessary to ensure conformity by the applicator and
to reject any material or coating that does not conform.
6 Information supplied by the purchaser
6.1 General information
In advance of the purchase order there shall be an agreement between the purchaser and the applicator on
the following items and laid down in the purchase order:
a) a reference to this document and year of publication, i.e. ISO 21809-2:2026;
b) pipe quantity, outside diameter, length (minimum, maximum and nominal), wall thickness (minimum
and nominal) and grade of steel;
c) bare pipe standard or specification designation, e.g. ISO 3183;
d) requested schedule of delivery;
e) requested documentation and schedule for supply of documentation;
f) requirements on test reports and (daily) log;
g) type and frequency of inspection certificate;
h) requirements for traceability of coating system, repairs and marking of repairs;
i) minimum thickness and maximum permissible thickness of the FBE coating and FBE coating classes;
j) cutback length and tolerances for both ends of pipe;
k) additional or deviating tests or requirements in the qualification process or during production; parts in
the qualification or production process are CSQ, CQ, PQT, PPT, production, APS and ITP;
l) entire or partial approval by the purchaser of existing parts of the qualification or production process.

ISO 21809-2:2026(en)
6.2 Additional information
If applicable, in advance of the purchase order there shall be an agreement between the purchaser and the
applicator on the following items and laid down in the purchase order:
a) plant and process inspection by the purchaser;
b) increased test ring length;
c) test ring location;
d) test frequency for additional test rings;
e) additional markings;
f) additional handling procedures;
g) additional storage procedures;
h) waiver of test reports;
i) maximum allowable preheating temperature;
j) applicator qualification requirements;
k) other special requirements;
l) pipe tracking and traceability of pipes to coating materials;
m) permissible number coating repairs per pipe;
n) additional tests originated from specific installation methods;
o) inspection of incoming pipe;
p) pipe end protection;
q) surface pretreatments if any;
r) minimum and maximum pipeline design or operating temperatures or both;
s) use of dummy pipe for destructive tests;
t) test temperature for flexibility;
u) r
...