Corrugated fibreboard -- Determination of grammage of the component papers after separation

ISO 3039:2010 specifies a method for determining the grammage of the component layers from which corrugated fibreboard has been made.
ISO 3039:2010 is applicable to all types of corrugated fibreboard.

Carton ondulé -- Détermination du grammage des papiers composants après leur séparation

Valoviti karton - Določanje gramature posameznih slojev papirja po razslojevanju

Ta mednarodni standard opredeljuje metodo za določanje gramature posameznih slojev papirja, iz katerega je bil narejen valoviti karton. Ta mednarodni standard se uporablja za vse vrste valovitega kartona.

General Information

Status
Published
Public Enquiry End Date
29-Mar-2011
Publication Date
13-Apr-2011
Current Stage
6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
Start Date
07-Apr-2011
Due Date
12-Jun-2011
Completion Date
14-Apr-2011

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SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2011
9DORYLWLNDUWRQ'RORþDQMHJUDPDWXUHSRVDPH]QLKVORMHYSDSLUMDSRUD]VORMHYDQMX
Corrugated fibreboard -- Determination of grammage of the component papers after
separation
Carton ondulé -- Détermination du grammage des papiers composants après leur
séparation
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 3039:2010
ICS:
85.060 Papir, karton in lepenka Paper and board
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 3039
Second edition
2010-08-01
Corrugated fibreboard — Determination
of grammage of the component papers
after separation
Carton ondulé — Détermination du grammage des papiers composants
après leur séparation
Reference number
©
ISO 2010
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.

©  ISO 2010
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 Principle.2
5 Reagents.2
6 Apparatus.2
7 Sampling.2
8 Preparation of specimens.3
9 Procedure.3
9.1 Separation of the component layers .3
9.2 Removal of the adhesive .3
9.3 Drying of the separated layers.3
9.4 Conditioning of the separated layers .3
9.5 Preparation of test pieces.3
9.6 Determination of grammage.4
10 Calculation and expression of results .4
11 Test report.4
Annex A (informative) Precision.5
Bibliography.8

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 3039 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps, Subcommittee SC 2,
Test methods and quality specifications for paper and board.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 3039:1975), which has been technically revised
to include precision data.
iv © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

Introduction
This International Standard describes a procedure where the separated component layers are allowed to dry
freely, i.e. unrestrained. In 2008, an international round-robin was performed to compare precision data
between the two drying procedures: free drying (which can involve shrinkage) and restraint drying (where the
layers are prevented from shrinking). As no statistical provable difference in the repeatability and the
reproducibility between the two drying procedures was observed, the faster and simpler procedure, i.e. the
free drying method, was chosen for this International Standard. Precision data for free drying are given in
Annex A.
There is an indication from test results that some of the adhesive enters and stays in the papers it comes in
contact with, and is not or cannot be removed by the method we use. Thus, the results for layers will generally
be greater than the initial values.

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3039:2010(E)

Corrugated fibreboard — Determination of grammage of the
component papers after separation
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a method for determining the grammage of the component layers from
which corrugated fibreboard has been made.
This International Standard is applicable to all types of corrugated fibreboard.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 186, Paper and board — Sampling to determine average quality
ISO 187, Paper, board and pulps — Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for
monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
grammage
mass per unit area
mass of a unit area of paper or board determined by a specific method of test
NOTE Grammage is expressed in grams per square metre.
[1]
[ISO 536:1995 , definition 3.1]
3.2
corrugated fibreboard
board consisting of one or more sheets of fluted paper glued to a flat sheet of board or between several
sheets
[2]
[ISO 4046-4:2002 , definition 4.49]
3.3
layer
component that is a part of corrugated fibreboard, which normally comprises a fluted layer (fluting) and a flat
layer (liner) on each side
3.4
facing
linerboard (liner) used as the flat component of corrugated fibreboard
[ISO 4046-4:2002, definition 4.66]
3.5
fluting medium
corrugating medium
fluting paper or board intended for use in the manufacture of corrugated fibreboard
[ISO 4046-4:2002, definition 4.73]
3.6
linerboard
board used as the facing material in the production of combined corrugated fibreboard, solid fibreboard or
“carton compact”
[ISO 4046-4:2002, definition 4.105]
4 Principle
Separation of the components of corrugated board specimens, to determine their grammage, by soaking in
water so that the component layers can be separated. Drying and conditioning of the component layers.
Determination of grammage of the individual layers.
5 Reagents
5.1 Tap water, normally having a temperature of 20 °C to 30 °C but not exceeding 60 °C.
6 Apparatus
Use ordinary laboratory apparatus and the following.
6.1 Tank, of sufficient size for immersion of the test specimen, to contain water at room temperature (20 °C
to 30 °C) or hot water not exceeding 60 °C.
6.2 Cutting device, for cutting circular (diameter 112,8 mm ± 0,5 mm) or square (length 100 mm ± 0,5 mm)
specimens from the corrugated fibreboard.
6.3 Drying oven, capable of maintaining the air temperature at 105 °C ± 2 °C, and suitably ventilated.
6.4 Balance, with an actual scale interval of 0,001 g which makes it possible to determine the grammage of

the separate layers to three significant figures (including micro-flute with grammage < 100 g/m for the
separate layers). When in use, the balance shall be shielded from air currents.
7 Sampling
If the tests are being made to evaluate a lot, carry out the sampling in accordance with ISO 186. If the tests
are made on another type of sample, make sure that the specimens taken are representative of the sample
received.
2 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

The surfaces of the specimens taken from the corrugated fibreboard shall be free from any damage that may
affect the test results.
The specimens should, if possible, be taken from non-printed and non-coated corrugated fibreboard.
8 Preparation of specimens
2 2
Using the cutting device (6.2), cut the specimens to an area of 10 000 mm (100 cm ), corresponding to a
diameter of 112,8 mm ± 0,5 mm or a square with sides of 100,0 mm ± 0,5 mm.
Cut enough specimens to enable the determination of grammage on five test pieces from each component
layer.
9 Procedure
9.1 Separation of component layers
Using the tank (6.1), immerse the specimens in tap water (5.1) long enough to cause the component layers of
the corrugated fibreboard to separate spontaneously or with an extremely light pull. Make sure that the
corrugated fibreboard remains submerged in the water, placing weights on the top of it if needed. When
separating the component layers, care shall be taken to ensure that minimal fibres are removed from one
surface and adhere to the adjoining one.
In the case of water-resistant adhesive, the water (5.1) can be heated to a temperature not exceeding 60 °C to
accelerate the process and to separate corrugated fibreboard.
The suitable immersion time may vary from grade to grade. In most cases, a few minutes are sufficient, but for
grades having highly water-resistant adhesive, the necessary immersion time may be several hours. If the
immersion time is unknown, it is recommended that the suitable immersion time be evaluated before testing.
Blotters may be used to remove excess water, but not when drying.
9.2 Removal of the adhesive
By lightly scraping the surface, remove, while still wet, the adhesive showing on the surface of the component
layer, which has not been absorbed by the sheet.
Complete removal of the absorbed adhesive cannot be expected. Removal of the fibres shall be avoided.
9.3 Drying of separated layers
Dry the separated layers, i.e. liners and fluting, in an oven at a temperature of 105 °C ± 2 °C (6.3) to constant
mass.
Avoid using blotters during drying since components in the adhesive, e.g. starch, might adhere to the fibres.
9.4 Conditioning of separated layers
After drying, condition the separated layers in accordance with ISO 187.
9.5 Preparation of test pieces
After cleaning and conditioning, flatten the fluting medium and re-cut the test pieces to an area of 10 000 mm
(100
...


INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 3039
Second edition
2010-08-01
Corrugated fibreboard — Determination
of grammage of the component papers
after separation
Carton ondulé — Détermination du grammage des papiers composants
après leur séparation
Reference number
©
ISO 2010
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.

©  ISO 2010
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 Principle.2
5 Reagents.2
6 Apparatus.2
7 Sampling.2
8 Preparation of specimens.3
9 Procedure.3
9.1 Separation of the component layers .3
9.2 Removal of the adhesive .3
9.3 Drying of the separated layers.3
9.4 Conditioning of the separated layers .3
9.5 Preparation of test pieces.3
9.6 Determination of grammage.4
10 Calculation and expression of results .4
11 Test report.4
Annex A (informative) Precision.5
Bibliography.8

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 3039 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps, Subcommittee SC 2,
Test methods and quality specifications for paper and board.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 3039:1975), which has been technically revised
to include precision data.
iv © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

Introduction
This International Standard describes a procedure where the separated component layers are allowed to dry
freely, i.e. unrestrained. In 2008, an international round-robin was performed to compare precision data
between the two drying procedures: free drying (which can involve shrinkage) and restraint drying (where the
layers are prevented from shrinking). As no statistical provable difference in the repeatability and the
reproducibility between the two drying procedures was observed, the faster and simpler procedure, i.e. the
free drying method, was chosen for this International Standard. Precision data for free drying are given in
Annex A.
There is an indication from test results that some of the adhesive enters and stays in the papers it comes in
contact with, and is not or cannot be removed by the method we use. Thus, the results for layers will generally
be greater than the initial values.

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3039:2010(E)

Corrugated fibreboard — Determination of grammage of the
component papers after separation
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a method for determining the grammage of the component layers from
which corrugated fibreboard has been made.
This International Standard is applicable to all types of corrugated fibreboard.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 186, Paper and board — Sampling to determine average quality
ISO 187, Paper, board and pulps — Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for
monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
grammage
mass per unit area
mass of a unit area of paper or board determined by a specific method of test
NOTE Grammage is expressed in grams per square metre.
[1]
[ISO 536:1995 , definition 3.1]
3.2
corrugated fibreboard
board consisting of one or more sheets of fluted paper glued to a flat sheet of board or between several
sheets
[2]
[ISO 4046-4:2002 , definition 4.49]
3.3
layer
component that is a part of corrugated fibreboard, which normally comprises a fluted layer (fluting) and a flat
layer (liner) on each side
3.4
facing
linerboard (liner) used as the flat component of corrugated fibreboard
[ISO 4046-4:2002, definition 4.66]
3.5
fluting medium
corrugating medium
fluting paper or board intended for use in the manufacture of corrugated fibreboard
[ISO 4046-4:2002, definition 4.73]
3.6
linerboard
board used as the facing material in the production of combined corrugated fibreboard, solid fibreboard or
“carton compact”
[ISO 4046-4:2002, definition 4.105]
4 Principle
Separation of the components of corrugated board specimens, to determine their grammage, by soaking in
water so that the component layers can be separated. Drying and conditioning of the component layers.
Determination of grammage of the individual layers.
5 Reagents
5.1 Tap water, normally having a temperature of 20 °C to 30 °C but not exceeding 60 °C.
6 Apparatus
Use ordinary laboratory apparatus and the following.
6.1 Tank, of sufficient size for immersion of the test specimen, to contain water at room temperature (20 °C
to 30 °C) or hot water not exceeding 60 °C.
6.2 Cutting device, for cutting circular (diameter 112,8 mm ± 0,5 mm) or square (length 100 mm ± 0,5 mm)
specimens from the corrugated fibreboard.
6.3 Drying oven, capable of maintaining the air temperature at 105 °C ± 2 °C, and suitably ventilated.
6.4 Balance, with an actual scale interval of 0,001 g which makes it possible to determine the grammage of

the separate layers to three significant figures (including micro-flute with grammage < 100 g/m for the
separate layers). When in use, the balance shall be shielded from air currents.
7 Sampling
If the tests are being made to evaluate a lot, carry out the sampling in accordance with ISO 186. If the tests
are made on another type of sample, make sure that the specimens taken are representative of the sample
received.
2 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

The surfaces of the specimens taken from the corrugated fibreboard shall be free from any damage that may
affect the test results.
The specimens should, if possible, be taken from non-printed and non-coated corrugated fibreboard.
8 Preparation of specimens
2 2
Using the cutting device (6.2), cut the specimens to an area of 10 000 mm (100 cm ), corresponding to a
diameter of 112,8 mm ± 0,5 mm or a square with sides of 100,0 mm ± 0,5 mm.
Cut enough specimens to enable the determination of grammage on five test pieces from each component
layer.
9 Procedure
9.1 Separation of component layers
Using the tank (6.1), immerse the specimens in tap water (5.1) long enough to cause the component layers of
the corrugated fibreboard to separate spontaneously or with an extremely light pull. Make sure that the
corrugated fibreboard remains submerged in the water, placing weights on the top of it if needed. When
separating the component layers, care shall be taken to ensure that minimal fibres are removed from one
surface and adhere to the adjoining one.
In the case of water-resistant adhesive, the water (5.1) can be heated to a temperature not exceeding 60 °C to
accelerate the process and to separate corrugated fibreboard.
The suitable immersion time may vary from grade to grade. In most cases, a few minutes are sufficient, but for
grades having highly water-resistant adhesive, the necessary immersion time may be several hours. If the
immersion time is unknown, it is recommended that the suitable immersion time be evaluated before testing.
Blotters may be used to remove excess water, but not when drying.
9.2 Removal of the adhesive
By lightly scraping the surface, remove, while still wet, the adhesive showing on the surface of the component
layer, which has not been absorbed by the sheet.
Complete removal of the absorbed adhesive cannot be expected. Removal of the fibres shall be avoided.
9.3 Drying of separated layers
Dry the separated layers, i.e. liners and fluting, in an oven at a temperature of 105 °C ± 2 °C (6.3) to constant
mass.
Avoid using blotters during drying since components in the adhesive, e.g. starch, might adhere to the fibres.
9.4 Conditioning of separated layers
After drying, condition the separated layers in accordance with ISO 187.
9.5 Preparation of test pieces
After cleaning and conditioning, flatten the fluting medium and re-cut the test pieces to an area of 10 000 mm
(100 cm ) using the cutting device (6.2). It is not necessary to re-cut the liners.
[5]
One way is to use the take-up factor (TUF), to calculate the fluting medium mass, according to FEFCO 102 .
The TUF should be determined for different grades of fluting. The use of the TUF is not a part of this
International Standard.
9.6 Determination of grammage
Determine the grammage of the component layers by individually weighing each test piece to the nearest
0,001 g using the balance (6.4). Carry out the weighing in the same atmosphere as that used to condition the
separated layers (9.4).
NOTE The individual component mass can be subtracted from the mass of the combined board before separation to
obtain an indication of the overall mass of the dried adhesive applied. Conditioning and testing is in accordance with
I
...

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