SIST CR 13714:2001

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2001
Karakterizacija blata - Ravnanje z blati glede na uporabo ali odlaganje
Characterisation of sludges - Sludge management in relation to use or disposal
Charakterisierung von Schlämmen - Management von Schlamm zur Verwertung oder
Beseitigung
Caractérisation des boues - Bonne pratique pour la gestion des boues en vue de leur
valorisation ou de leur élimination
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CR 13714:2001
ICS:
13.030.20 7HNRþLRGSDGNL%ODWR Liquid wastes. Sludge
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

CEN REPORT
CR 13714
RAPPORT CEN
CEN BERICHT
June 2001
ICS
English version
Characterisation of sludges - Sludge management in relation to
use or disposal
Caractérisation des boues - Bonne pratique pour la gestion Charakterisierung von Schlämmen - Management von
des boues en vue de leur valorisation ou de leur élimination Schlamm zur Verwertung oder Beseitigung
This CEN Report was approved by CEN on 9 June 2001. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 308.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2001 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CR 13714:2001 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Page 2
Contents
Foreword.3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .5
2 References.5
3 Terms and definitions.5
4 Waste hierarchy .6
4.1 General.6
4.2 Measures upstream of wastewater treatment facilities .6
4.3 Measures at sites of sludge production and processing .7
4.4 Measures for recovery and disposals .8
5 Upstream processes.10
5.1 Non domestic effluent control.10
5.2 Setting limits for discharges from industrial and commercial premises.11
5.3 Minimising contamination including diffuse sources.12
6 Operational good practices .12
6.1 General.12
6.2 Upstream of the sludge production site.13
6.3 At the sludge production site .13
7 Strategic evaluation of options and links with the other good practice documents.14
7.1 General.14
7.2 Sludge quantity assessment .14
7.3 Sludge quality.15
7.4 Developing a strategy for sludge use/disposal .15
Annex A Sludges from the drinking water production .19
A.1 General.19
A.2 Reduction.19
A.3 Recycling .20
Annex B.22
Bibliography .24

Page 3
Foreword
This CEN Report has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 308, "Characterisation of sludges", the
secretariat of with is held by AFNOR.
The status of this document as CEN Report has been chosen because the most of its content is not completely in
line with practice and regulation in each member state. This document gives recommendations for a good practice
but existing national regulations remain in force.

Page 4
Introduction
The purpose of this CEN report is to assist in finding outlets for sludge which are primarily safe and sustainable but
also secure and cost-effective. The challenge is to manage the quality of the sludge so that it is suitable for the
outlets available. It follows that a sludge of high quality will provide operational flexibility because it is likely to be
suitable for most or all of the outlets available, including those associated with maximum sustainability and
minimum environmental pollution.
Sludge quality is central to the development of good practice for sludge production in relation to use or disposal.
Sludge quality depends on the composition of the wastewater (or other process water) and also from sludge
treatment and the extent of processing it receives during sludge treatment. Sludge quality can be characterised by
its different properties ; biological, chemical and physical :


biological properties include the microbiological stability of the organic matter in the sludge, odour and
infectivity ;

chemical properties include :

content of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) which include inorganic (metals, metalloids, and other
minerals), and organic micropollutants ;

concentrations and form (availability) of plant nutrients and main components ;

physical properties include whether liquid, semi - solid (pasty) or solid, which is achieved progressively by
thickening and dewatering, and aesthetic factors associated for instance with removal of unsightly debris by
effective screening. Calorific value will be a quality criterion if the sludge is to be incinerated or used as a fuel.
Others physical properties include, thickenability, dewaterability and conditioners demand.
The constancy of these different properties is also an important aspect of the sludge quality.
Standard methods should be used where these are available to measure the quality parameters of sludge. This
aspect is being addressed by CEN/TC 308 WG 1. There is a continuing need to develop a full set of standardised
and harmonised methods which the manager and operator can use to evaluate the quality of sludge for treatment
process design and operational purposes.
The option evaluation (clause 7) is intended to indicate which recycling or disposal options are available in any
particular set of circumstances.
The processes to achieve appropriate sludge quality will be those described by the technical committee
CEN/TC 165 "Waste water engineering".
The following abbreviated terms necessary for the understanding of this report apply :
BAT : Best Available Technology
BATNEEC : Best Available Technology Not Entailing Excessive Cost
BOD: Biochemical oxygen demand
BPEO : Best Practicable Environmental Option
COD : Chemical oxygen demand
EQO/EQS : Environmental Quality Objectives/Environmental Quality Standards
PTE : Potentially Toxic Elements

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1 Scope
This CEN report gives guidance for dealing with the production and control of sludge in relation to inputs and
treatment and give a strategic evaluation of recovery and disposal options for sludge according to its properties and
the availability of outlets.
This report is applicable for following sludges :

storm water handling ;

night soil ;

urban wastewater collecting systems ;

urban wastewater treatment plants ;

treating industrial wastewater similar to urban wastewater (as defined in Directive 91/271/EC) ;
but excluding hazardous sludges from industry.
Annex A gives information on sludges from water supply.
2 References
Wastewater treatment – Vocabulary.
EN 1085,
EN 12832, Characterisation of sludges – Utilisation and disposal of sludges - Vocabulary.
Wastewater treatments plants – Part 8 : Sludge treatment and storage.
EN 12255–8,
1)
CR 13097, Characterisation of sludges – Good practice for sludge utilisation in agriculture .
CR 13767, Characterisation of sludges – Good practice for sludge incineration with or without grease and
1)
screenings .
CR 13768, Characterisation of sludges – Good practice for combined incineration of sludge and household
1)
waste
.
prEN 13983, Characterisation of sludges – Good practice for sludge used in land reclamation.
prEN WI 308044, Characterisation of sludges – Good practice for the landfill of sludge and sludge treatment
residue.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this CEN Report, the terms and definitions which apply are those given in :
Directive 91/271/EC (see 1) (Concerning urban waste water treatment).
Directive 86/278/EEC (see 2) (On the protection of the environment and in particular of the soil, when sewage
sludge is used in agriculture).

1) In preparation.
Page 6
Directive 75/442/EEC (see 3) (The Waste Framework Directive) as amended by EU Directive 91/156/EEC
(see 4).
EN 1085 and EN 12832.
4 Waste hierarchy
4.1 General
Sewage sludge is a waste which can be considered as a secondary resource when beneficially reused. The extent
to which the recycling option is available depends on the quality and properties of a sludge and on the availability of
the outlets. The same principles apply to the management of sewage sludge as to any other waste product.
It is not possible to eliminate the production of this particular waste. In order that the management of waste be
conducted in an increasingly sustainable manner, the EU encourages a waste hierarchy as a framework by which
Member States should develop their strategy for waste management (EU Directive 75/442/EEC (see 3) as
amended by 91/156/EEC(see 4)). In order of preference, this hierarchy encourages :
a) firstly, the prevention or reduction of waste production and its harmfulness, in particular by :

the development of clean technologies more sparing in their use of natural resources ;

the technical development and marketing of products designed so as to make no contribution or to make
the smallest possible contribution, by the nature of their manufacture, use or final disposal, to increasing
the amount or harmfulness of waste and pollution hazards ;

the development of appropriate techniques for the final disposal of dangerous substances contained in
waste destined for recovery ;
b) secondly :


the recovery of waste by means of recycling, re-use or reclamation or any other process with a view to
extracting secondary raw materials ; or

the use of waste as a source of energy.
Three of the stages within the hierarchy can be applied to sludges, namely reduction, recovery and disposal.
Obviously, the latter is the least desirable and efforts should be made to minimise the proportion of sludge which is
disposed of, by the adoption of reduction and recovery strategies.
The waste hierarchy can be applied equally to activities upstream of wastewater treatment facilities as to the
processes employed within a treatment works. These are discussed separately below. In considering what
management options should be selected, all stages in the sequence of sludge production and its ultimate fate
should be scrutinised.
The demand for prevention and reduction applies to the management of the effluents which contribute to
 
wastewater (EU Directive 91/21/EEC (see 1 ).
4.2 Measures upstream of wastewater treatment facilities
Reduction
As a general rule, sewage sludge comes from three sources in varying proportions:
1) domestic wastewater ;
2) industrial wastewater from large- and small-scale industries ;
3) stormwater containing pollutants washed out of the air and the soil.

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Minimisation of the wastewater load can be achieved by :
a) reduction of industrial wastewater :

minimisation of the vo
...