SIST-TS ISO/TS 19163-1:2017

TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 19163-1
First edition
2016-01-15
Geographic information — Content
components and encoding rules for
imagery and gridded data —
Part 1:
Content model
Information géographique — Composantes de contenu et règles de
codage pour l’imagerie et les données maillées —
Partie 1: Modèle de contenu
Reference number
©
ISO 2016
© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
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ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Conformance . 1
3 Normative references . 1
4 Terms and definitions . 2
5 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 4
5.1 Abbreviated terms . 4
5.2 UML notations . 4
6 Related International Standards . 5
7 Categories of imagery and gridded data . 6
7.1 General . 6
7.2 Imagery . 7
7.3 Gridded data . 8
8 Content component models . 8
8.1 General . 8
8.2 Imagery and gridded data . 8
8.2.1 General. 8
8.2.2 IE_ImageryAndGriddedData . 9
8.2.3 IE_Georectified . 9
8.2.4 IE_Georeferenceable .10
8.3 Thematic gridded data .10
8.3.1 IE_ThematicGriddedData .10
8.3.2 IE_CategoricalGriddedData .10
8.3.3 IE_NumericalGriddedData .10
8.4 Imagery .11
8.4.1 IE_Imagery.11
8.4.2 IE_FusedImage .13
8.4.3 IE_SimulatedImage .13
8.4.4 IE_OpticalImage .13
8.4.5 IE_MicrowaveData .13
8.4.6 IE_SARData.14
8.4.7 IE_RadiometerData .15
9 General approach for encoding (informative) .16
Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite .18
Annex B (normative) Data dictionary of content component models .21
Bibliography .38
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.
ISO 19163 consists of the following parts, under the general title Geographic information — Content
components and encoding rules for imagery and gridded data:
— Part 1: Content model [Technical Specification]
Other parts are planned, but are not yet specified.
iv © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

Introduction
Geographic imagery and gridded thematic data are widely used in the geospatial community and
related fields.
A preliminary work item on imagery and gridded data components, carried out by ISO/TC 211 in 1999
to 2000, provides a summary of the conceptual classification of gridded data based on spatial and
attribute properties and identifies five basic components of imagery and gridded data (ISO/TC 211 N
1017). ISO/TS 19101-2, ISO 19123 and ISO/TS 19129 specify domains and ranges of imagery, grids and
coverages, and their associated relationships. ISO/TS 19129 breaks down the metadata into discovery,
structural, acquisition and quality metadata. However, there are no detailed descriptions on each
category and no clear associations with metadata defined in ISO 19115:2003, ISO 19115-2, ISO/TS 19130
and ISO/TS 19130-2.
Imagery is acquired by remote sensors directly or derived from source imagery. Value-added image
processing can be used to derive physical properties of a remote object from images (ISO/TS 19101-2).
Besides the derived images, imagery can also be integrated with other data sources to produce new
gridded coverage data for a specific theme, called thematic data, which is widely used in various
applications. However, the characteristics of thematic data are not covered by the existing International
Standards and Technical Specifications noted above.
ISO/TS 19130 identifies the type of remote sensors by the measurand of the sensor, e.g. optical
radiation, microwave energy and SONAR (acoustic) energy. Images acquired by optical sensors have
different appearances and characteristics compared with those by a microwave sensor, e.g. SAR data.
The framework defined in ISO/TS 19129 describes imagery, gridded and coverage data at multiple levels,
including an abstract level, a content model level and an encoding level. The first two levels combine
a number of well-defined content structures in accordance with ISO 19123 and define the contents of
continuous quadrilateral gridded coverages with grids of both constant and variable cell sizes. However,
the content model level does not specify the necessary metadata for common understanding when
integrating datasets encoded in different formats. At the encoding level, ISO/TS 19129 does not provide
the explicit encoding rules for mapping content model to machine-independent encoding structure, which
is crucial for the mapping and translation of images in different formats without losing information.
Based on the frameworks defined in ISO/TS 19101-2 and ISO 19123, this Technical Specification specifies
the categories of imagery and gridded data and establishes a corresponding hierarchical content model.
Categories of imagery and gridded data are defined based on thematic and spatial attributes and sensor
types. The content model is then defined to describe the required content components of each category,
including the spatial and attribute structures and the critical metadata entries as well. These metadata
entries are specified as the minimum required metadata information for the purpose of common
understanding. Traditionally, remote sensing data products generally have a header part and a data
part. This Technical Specification describes the minimum content requirements for the header part.
For ease of implementation, this Technical Specification defines encoding rules to map the content
models to XML-based encodings, following the general encoding rules defined in ISO 19118 and the
encoding rules for UML-to-GML application schema defined in ISO 19136:2007, Annex E. Since GMLCOV
schema (OGC 09-146r2) is optimized for handling coverages, the coverage component of the schema can
be based on GMLCOV.
An increasingly large volume of image and gridded data, both natural and synthetic, is being produced
because more remote sensors are becoming available. These data are encoded in diverse formats,
such as GeoTIFF, BIIF, HDF-EOS, JPEG 2000, NetCDF and others as described in ISO/TR 19121. These
encoding formats follow different data models, preventing them from being interoperable. In order to
enco
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