ISO 13232-7:2005

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 13232-7
Second edition
2005-12-15
Motorcycles — Test and analysis
procedures for research evaluation of
rider crash protective devices fitted to
motorcycles —
Part 7:
Standardized procedures for performing
computer simulations of motorcycle
impact tests
Motocycles — Méthodes d'essai et d'analyse de l'évaluation par la
recherche des dispositifs, montés sur les motocycles, visant à la
protection des motocyclistes contre les collisions —
Partie 7: Méthodes normalisées de simulation par ordinateur d'essais
de choc sur motocycles
Reference number
©
ISO 2005
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©  ISO 2005
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ii © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword.v
Introduction.vi
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.2
3 Definitions .2
4 Requirements.3
4.1 Modelling .3
4.2 Parameters .4
4.3 Outputs .4
4.4 Post processing.8
4.5 Simulation calibration .9
5 Methods.12
5.1 Failure mode and effects analysis .12
5.2 Simulated characteristics for laboratory component tests.12
5.3 Motorcycle barrier test.13
5.4 Full-scale impact test statistical correlation.18
6 Documentation.19
6.1 Simulation .19
6.2 Laboratory component test calibration.19
6.3 Motorcycle dynamic laboratory test .19
6.4 Full-scale test correlation .19
Annex A (normative) Example simulated component characteristics reports.21
Annex B (informative) Rationale for ISO 13232-7.23
Figures
Figure 1 — Impactors and axes to be used for component test.7
Figure A.1 — Format for component characteristic graphs.22
Tables
Table 1 — MC laboratory component tests .5
Table 2 — OV laboratory component tests .6
Table 3 — Dummy laboratory component tests .10
Table 4 — Comparison parameters.12
Table 5 — Injury assessment variables and injury indices to be calculated for each impact configuration.13
Table 6 — Set up for static laboratory component tests.14
Table 7 — Set up for dynamic laboratory dummy component tests.15
Table 8 — Set up for dynamic laboratory MC component tests.16
Table 9 — Set up for dynamic laboratory OV component tests .17
Table 10 — Truth table for leg injury correlation .19
Table 11 — Information to be included in the simulation documentation.20

iv © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted
by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
ISO 13232-7 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 22, Motorcycles.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first version (ISO 13232-7:1996), which has been technically revised.
ISO 13232 consists of the following parts, under the general title Motorcycles — Test and analysis procedures for
research evaluation of rider crash protective devices fitted to motorcycles:
⎯ Part 1: Definitions, symbols and general considerations
⎯ Part 2: Definition of impact conditions in relation to accident data
⎯ Part 3: Motorcyclist anthropometric impact dummy
⎯ Part 4: Variables to be measured, instrumentation and measurement procedures
⎯ Part 5: Injury indices and risk/benefit analysis
⎯ Part 6: Full-scale impact-test procedures
⎯ Part 7: Standardized procedures for performing computer simulations of motorcycle impact tests
⎯ Part 8: Documentation and reports
Introduction
ISO 13232 has been prepared on the basis of existing technology. Its purpose is to define common research
methods and a means for making an overall evaluation of the effect that devices which are fitted to motorcycles
and intended for the crash protection of riders, have on injuries, when assessed over a range of impact conditions
which are based on accident data.
It is intended that all of the methods and recommendations contained in ISO 13232 should be used in all basic
feasibility research. However, researchers should also consider variations in the specified conditions (for example,
rider size) when evaluating the overall feasibility of any protective device. In addition, researchers may wish to vary
or extend elements of the methodology in order to research issues which are of particular interest to them. In all
such cases which go beyond the basic research, if reference is to be made to ISO 13232, a clear explanation of
how the used procedures differ from the basic methodology should be provided.
ISO 13232 was prepared by ISO/TC 22/SC 22 at the request of the United Nations Economic Commission for
Europe Group for Road Vehicle General Safety (UN/ECE/TRANS/SCI/WP29/GRSG), based on original working
documents submitted by the International Motorcycle Manufacturers Association (IMMA), and comprising eight
interrelated parts.
This revision of ISO 13232 incorporates extensive technical amendments throughout all the parts, resulting from
extensive experience with the standard and the development of improved research methods.
In order to apply ISO 13232 properly, it is strongly recommended that all eight parts be used together, particularly if
the results are to be published.

vi © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13232-7:2005(E)

Motorcycles — Test and analysis procedures for research
evaluation of rider crash protective devices fitted to
motorcycles —
Part 7:
Standardized procedures for performing computer simulations
of motorcycle impact tests
1 Scope
The purposes of this part of ISO 13232 are to provide:
⎯ conventions for calibrating and documenting the important features of the simulation models;
⎯ guidelines for definition and use of mathematical models for motorcycle impact simulations, which can be
correlated against data for full-scale tests;
⎯ a means for identifying possible additional impact conditions for full-scale testing; and
⎯ a standardized tool, of optional use, for risk/benefit analysis of rider crash protective devices fitted to
motorcycles, based upon the population of impact conditions identified in ISO 13232-2.
ISO 13232 specifies the minimum requirements for research into the feasibility of protective devices fitted to
motorcycles, which are intended to protect the rider in the event of a collision.
ISO 13232 is applicable to impact tests involving:
⎯ two-wheeled motorcycles;
⎯ the specified type of opposing vehicle;
⎯ either a stationary and a moving vehicle or two moving vehicles;
⎯ for any moving vehicle, a steady speed and straight-line motion immediately prior to impact;
⎯ one helmeted dummy in a normal seating position on an upright motorcycle;
⎯ the measurement of the potential for specified types of injury by body region;
⎯ evaluation of the results of paired impact tests (i.e. comparisons between motorcycles fitted and not fitted with
the proposed devices).
ISO 13232 does not apply to testing for regulatory or legislative purposes.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 6487, Road vehicles — Measurement techniques in impact tests — Instrumentation

ISO 13232-1, Motorcycles — Test and analysis procedures for research evaluation of rider crash protective devices
fitted to motorcycles — Part 1: Definitions, symbols, and general considerations
ISO 13232-2, Motorcycles — Test and analysis procedures for research evaluation of rider crash protective devices
fitted to motorcycles — Part 2: Definition of impact conditions in relation to accident data
ISO 13232-3, Motorcycles — Test and analysis procedures for research evaluation of rider crash protective devices
fitted to motorcycles — Part 3: Motorcyclist anthropometric impact dummy
ISO 13232-4, Motorcycles — Test and analysis procedures for research evaluation of rider crash protective devices
fitted to motorcycles — Part 4: Variables to be measured, instrumentation, and measurement procedures
ISO 13232-5, Motorcycles — Test and analysis procedures for research evaluation of rider crash protective devices
fitted to motorcycles — Part 5: Injury indices and risk/benefit analysis
ISO 13232-6, Motorcycles — Test and analysis procedures for research evaluation of rider crash protective devices
fitted to motorcycles — Part 6: Full-scale impact test procedures
ISO 13232-8, Motorcycles — Test and analysis procedures for research evaluation of rider crash protective devices
fitted to motorcycles — Part 8: Documentation and reports
49 CFR Part 572, subpart E: 1993, Anthropomorphic test dummies, United States of America Code of Federal
Regulations issued by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Washington, D.C
3 Definitions
The following terms are defined in ISO 13232-1. For the purposes of this part of ISO 13232, those definitions apply.
Additional definitions which could apply to this part of ISO 13232 are listed in ISO 13232-1:
⎯ body;
⎯ failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA);
⎯ maximum thickness;
⎯ motion;
⎯ risk/benefit analysis; overall evaluation;
⎯ system.
2 © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

4 Requirements
4.1 Modelling
The simulation model shall be based upon accepted laws and principles of physics and mechanics. The model
shall consist of portions describing a motorcycle (MC) and the opposing vehicle (OV), as described in ISO 13232-6,
the dummy, as described in ISO 13232-3, the dummy mounting position, joint tensions, and helmet, as described in
ISO 13232-6, the protective device, if present, and the road surface. In the model, the following impact conditions
shall be able to be varied, across the range of conditions described in Annex B of ISO 13232-2:
⎯ MC impact speed;
⎯ OV impact speed;
⎯ MC contact point;
⎯ OV contact point;
⎯ relative heading angle.
The model of the dummy should include the following bodies, at a minimum:
a) helmeted head;
b) neck;
c) upper torso;
d) lower torso;
e) left and right:
1) upper legs;
2) lower legs;
3) feet;
4) upper arms;
5) lower arms;
6) hands.
The model of the MC should include the following bodies at a minimum:
⎯ front wheel;
⎯ rear wheel;
⎯ main frame;
⎯ upper front fork assembly;
⎯ lower front fork assembly.
The model of the OV should include the following bodies at a minimum:
⎯ four unsprung assemblies;
⎯ sprung body.
The upper leg, knee, and lower leg bodies shall be modelled so that the bone fracture/knee dislocation kinematics
effects are simulated (e.g., resulting in reduced bending moment in the leg at the appropriate location after fracture).
If any of the bodies listed in Tables 1 and 2 can fracture, the masses of the bodies resulting from the fracture shall
be modelled.
For a given MC/protective device combination, the same model formulation shall be used for all impact
configurations. The only differences between a model of a MC with a protective device and a model of a MC
without a protective device shall be in those portions directly related to the protective device.
4.2 Parameters
For each body listed in 4.1, the parameter values used should correspond to the actual measured:
⎯ mass;
⎯ centre of gravity location;
⎯ moments of inertia;
⎯ principal axes orientations;
⎯ joint locations;
⎯ joint physical degrees of freedom;
⎯ joint orientations;
⎯ maximum thickness of each undeformed body.
For a given MC/protective device combination, the same parameter values shall be used for all impact
configurations. All of the parameter values for a given MC/protective device combination shall correspond to the
parameter values used to calibrate the simulation, as described in 4.5. The only difference between a parameter
set for a MC with a protective device and a parameter set for a MC without a protective device shall be in those
parameters directly related to the protective device.
4.3 Outputs
Force, moment, and motion time histories which are compatible with the injury variables and injury indices listed in
ISO 13232-5 shall be output to allow computation of the injury indices. The form shall be consistent with the
full-scale test time histories documented as described in ISO 13232-8. The data shall be output and plotted at
0,001 s intervals for the time period up to but not including dummy to ground contact, or 0,500 s after the first
MC/OV contact, whichever is sooner.
Indication of frangible damage shall be output for all of the frangible components defined in ISO 13232-3, along
with the time at which the damage occurred, for the time period described above. The damage shall be expressed
as occurrence of component failure for each frangible femur, knee (varus valgus or torsion), and tibia; and as
maximum penetration for the frangible abdominal insert.
The linear and angular displacement and velocity time histories of the MC main frame and helmeted head centres
of gravity and the shoulder, pelvis, knee, and ankle targets corresponding to those used in full-scale tests shall be
output and plotted, at the intervals and for the time period described above.
4 © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

For each simulation run and for each interaction which occurs between any of the MC bodies in Table 1 and any of
the OV bodies in Table 2, the maximum force and maximum deflection of the MC body and of the OV body, along
the directions indicated in Table 1 and Table 2, shall be output.
Table 1 — MC laboratory component tests
Impactor or impact
a
Body surface Test type Characteristics
MC fuel tank 400 mm cylinder Dynamic z force vs z displacement
cyl cyl
z force vs time
cyl
MC seat 400 mm cylinder Static z force vs i displacement
cyl
Protective device (As required) Dynamic Force vs displacement
Force vs time
MC rear spring damper None Static x force vs x displacement
MC rear spring damper Flat Dynamic x force vs x velocity
imp imp
MC front wheel Barrier (as part of the MC Dynamic x force vs x displacement
barrier MC
laboratory test described in
4.5.2)
a
Refer to Figure 1.
Table 2 — OV laboratory component tests
Impactor or impact Characteristics
a
Body surface Test type
OV roof rail 300 mm sphere Dynamic x force vs x displacement
sphere sphere
x force vs time
sphere
OV side Disc (edge) Static x force vs x displacement
disc disc
OV side Disc (side) Static y force vs y displacement
disc disc
OV front bumper Disc (edge) Static x force vs x displacement
disc disc
OV front bumper Disc (side) Static y force vs y displacement
disc disc
OV rear bumper Disc (edge) Static x force vs x displacement
disc disc
OV rear bumper Disc (side) Static y force vs y displacement
disc disc
OV bonnet 300 mm sphere Dynamic z force vs z displacement
sphere sphere
z force vs time
sphere
OV front windscreen 300 mm sphere Dynamic x force vs x displacement
sphere sphere
x force vs time
sphere
OV front suspension Ground Dynamic z force vs z displacement
g OV
z force vs time
g
OV rear suspension Ground Dynamic z force vs z displacement
g OV
z force vs time
g
a
Refer to Figure 1.
6 © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

Figure 1 — Impactors and axes to be used for component test
If a three dimensional animation is done, then the linear and angular positions of any and all rigid bodies and the
positions of any and all finite element nodes, shall be output at equal increments of time.
4.4 Post processing
The following shall apply to post processing involving three dimensional animation, injury analysis, risk/benefit
analysis and failure mode and effects analysis of proposed crash protective devices.
4.4.1 Three dimensional animation
Three dimensional animation should be used to display, graphically, the motions of the MC, OV, dummy, and
protective device. The animation shall display only the actual modelled rigid body surfaces and/or finite elements, in
their proper shapes and relative positions and orientations. Additional markers may be provided to assist the
comparison between physical tests and simulations. These shall correspond to the photographic targets used in
any corresponding full-scale impact test, including those defined in 4.3 of ISO 13232-4. If such markers are added,
they shall appear in colours which contrast to the model's rigid body surfaces or finite elements, and a statement of
this shall be made preceding the animation sequence.
The animation shall be driven only by the linear and angular position time histories, as described in 4.3. When
comparisons are made with full-scale test films, the animations shall use the same viewpoint and focal length as
the cameras designated for full-scale testing (see 4.6.2 of ISO 13232-4).
Still photographs of the animation from the perspective of the MC side view camera should be taken and included
in the simulation documentation. Photographs shall include the dummy position:
⎯ prior to first MC/OV contact;
⎯ at first head/OV contact (if any);
⎯ at 0,250 s and 0,500 s after first MC/OV contact.
4.4.2 Injury analysis
Evaluation of the computer simulation output, in terms of injury indices and injury cost analyses, may be done. If
done, such analyses shall use the conventions described in ISO 13232-5.
4.4.3 Risk/benefit analysis and failure mode and effects analysis of proposed crash protective devices
Risk/benefit analysis and/or failure mode and effects analysis of proposed rider crash protective devices fitted to
motorcycles, across a range of impact conditions, should be done using computer simulation. If failure mode and
effects analysis is done using computer simulation, such analysis shall use the methods described in 5.1. If
risk/benefit analysis is done using computer simulation, such analysis shall use the methods described in 5.10 of
ISO 13232-5.
If risk/benefit analysis and/or failure mode and effects analysis are done using computer simulation, they shall only
include impact configurations in which the simulated forces and deflections of the bodies listed in Tables 1 and 2
meet the following criteria:
⎯ for all bodies which can fracture, none of the maximum simulated forces defined in 4.3 may equal or exceed
the maximum forces measured in the corresponding laboratory tests defined in 4.5.1 and 4.5.2;
⎯ for all other bodies, none of the maximum simulated forces or maximum simulated deflections defined in 4.3
may equal or exceed the corresponding maximum forces or maximum deflections measured in the laboratory
tests defined in 4.5.1 and 4.5.2.
If in any simulated impact configuration, any of the measured forces or deflections occurring between the bodies
listed in Tables 1 and 2 are exceeded, that impact configuration may only be included in the analyses if additional
laboratory tests and simulation calibrations are done on those specific bodies. Each additional laboratory test and
8 © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

simulation calibration shall use an initial speed which corresponds to the maximum relative impact speed of the
respective body observed among the simulated impact configurations.
4.5 Simulation calibration
The simulation shall be calibrated with at least the following tests, and the calibration results shall be documented
in accordance with ISO 13232-8.
4.5.1 Laboratory component test calibration
The simulation shall be used to calculate the MC, OV, and dummy characteristics listed in Tables 1, 2, and 3,
respectively, using the methods defined in 5.2. The results shall be documented using the format described in
Annex A, and in accordance with ISO 13232-8.
If, for any laboratory component test, the test data are used as input parameter values for the simulation, only the
relevant test data shall be included in the simulation documentation (since the input parameter values are equal to
the test data).
4.5.2 Motorcycle laboratory dynamic test
One MC laboratory test and corresponding simulation shall be performed to calculate the following MC time
histories, using the methods defined in 5.3:
⎯ front axle displacement;
⎯ front suspension compression;
⎯ fork bending angle;
⎯ x, y, and z accelerations of the MC (on the left and right sides of the MC, as close as possible to the MC centre
of gravity);
⎯ MC centre of gravity x and z displacements;
⎯ MC pitch angle;
⎯ barrier force.
4.5.3 Full-scale impact test correlation
For a given MC, which is fitted or not fitted with a given rider protective device design, the simulation shall be
correlated against the data for any available, corresponding full-scale tests which have been performed in
accordance with ISO 13232. The simulation shall be run using the same initial conditions as were used in the full-
scale tests, the modelling and parameter constraints defined in 4.1 and 4.2, the laboratory component test
characteristics defined in 4.5.1, and the MC parameters used in the MC laboratory dynamic test defined in 4.5.2.
The required time histories shall be output according to 4.3. For such correlation, the results shall be documented
as follows:
⎯ if data for fewer than 14 tests are available, then overlaid comparison plots of the corresponding full-scale test
and simulation time histories and trajectories, as described below, shall be made. For each full-scale and
simulated test, the occurrence and/or extent of damage to frangible elements, as described in 5.2.3 of
ISO 13232-4, shall be tabulated. A statistical correlation analysis should not be done in this case;
⎯ if data for 14 or more tests are available, then the above overlaid comparison plots and damage tabulations
shall be made, and in addition, the data shall be statistically correlated using the procedures described in 5.4.
Table 3 — Dummy laboratory component tests
a
Body Impactor or impact surface Test type Characteristics
z force vs z displacement
Helmeted head Flat anvil Dynamic
h h
z force vs time
h
Upper arm Flat Dynamic x force vs x displacement
imp imp
x force vs time
imp
x force vs x displacement
Lower arm Flat Dynamic
imp imp
x force vs time
imp
b
Dummy thorax Dynamic x force vs x displacement
Hybrid III thorax impact test probe
imp imp
x force vs time
imp
z force vs z displacement
Abdomen 25 mm cylinder Static
cyl cyl
Pelvis Flat Dynamic x force vs x displacement
imp imp
x force vs time
imp
z force vs z displacement
Upper leg 70 mm cylinder Dynamic
cyl cyl
z force vs time
cyl
Knee Flat Dynamic x force vs x displacement
imp imp
x force vs time
imp
z force vs z displacement
Lower leg 70 mm cylinder Dynamic
cyl cyl
z force vs time
cyl
Dummy knee torsion (See 6.6 of ISO 13232-3) Static z moment vs θ displacement
lleg z
Dummy knee varus valgus (See 6.6 of ISO 13232-3) Static x moment vs θ displacement
lleg x
b
Forward neck flexion Dynamic
y moment vs θ displacement
Hybrid III neck test pendulum
y
y moment vs time
z displacement vs x displacement
x displacement vs time
x acceleration vs time
θ displacement vs time
y
b
Rearward neck extension Dynamic y moment vs θ displacement
Hybrid III neck test pendulum
y
y moment vs time
z displacement vs x displacement
x displacement vs time
x acceleration vs time
θ displacement vs time
y
b
Lateral neck flexion Dynamic x moment vs θ displacement
Hybrid III neck test pendulum
x
x moment vs time
z displacement vs y displacement
y displacement vs time
y acceleration vs time
θ displacement vs time
x
10 © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

a
Body Impactor or impact surface Test type Characteristics
Neck torsion See 6.8 of ISO 13232-3) Dynamic z moment vs θ displacement
z
z moment vs time
a Refer to Figure 1.
b Described in 49 CFR Part 572.

All full-scale tests used for simulation correlation shall be selected from the 200 impact configurations described in
ISO 13232-2, and each test (with the exception of the second test in each paired comparison) shall be for a
different impact configuration.
4.5.4 Full-scale impact test comparisons
In addition, each simulated variable listed in Table 4 shall be plotted using the methods defined in ISO 13232-4 and
A.8.3 and B.6.3 of ISO 13232-8, and overlaid with the corresponding full-scale test variable, for the time period
from first MC/OV contact to 0,010 s before first helmet/OV contact, or until the helmet leaves the field of view,
whichever occurs sooner. The plots shall be documented according to ISO 13232-8. In addition, calculate the
following correlation factor for each variable listed in Table 4:
()d −d
∑ i,k i
i,k
C= 1−
()
r − r
∑ i,k i
Where:
C is the correlation factor;
i is the subscript for each impact configuration;
k is the subscript for each time step;
d is equal to r minus rˆ .
i,k i,k i,k
d is the average value (over time) of d ;
i
i,k
r is the value of the variable for test i at time step k;
i,k
r is the average value (over time) of the variable for test i;
i
ˆ
r is the value of the variable for computer simulation i at time step k.
i,k
The values for the full-scale test and computer simulation shall be sampled at 0,001 s intervals. The data may be
linearly interpolated, if necessary, to achieve the 0,001 s sampling interval. The average of all of the correlation
factors across all tests and all variables in Table 4 shall be greater than or equal to 0,80. The values of the
correlation factors shall be documented in accordance with B.6.3.4.1 of ISO 13232-8.
In addition, the shoulder, hip, knee, and ankle target trajectories in the initial longitudinal-vertical plane of MC travel
(x vs. z) shall be plotted for the simulation and overlaid with the corresponding full-scale test data, for the side of
the dummy nearest the MC side view high speed camera, and for the time period from first MC/OV contact to first
helmet/OV contact, or until the helmet leaves the field of view, whichever occurs sooner. The plots shall be
documented in accordance with ISO 13232-8.
Table 4 — Comparison parameters
Item Variable Component
a
Helmet centroid Displacement x
a
Helmet centroid Displacement y
a
Helmet centroid Displacement z
a
Helmet centroid Displacement Resultant
b
Hip target Displacement x
b
Hip target Displacement z
b
Hip target Displacement Resultant
Head (centre of gravity) Velocity Resultant
Pelvis (centre of gravity) Velocity Resultant
c
Torso angle Angular displacement Pitch
a
The definition of "helmet centroid" should be consistent with that described in
Annex A of ISO 13232-4.
b
The location of the hip target in the simulation shall be consistent with that
described in 5.3.6 of ISO 13232-6.
c
Angular displacement about an inertially fixed lateral horizontal axis of a line
joining the near side hip target to the near side of the shoulder target.

5 Methods
5.1 Failure mode and effects analysis
Analyse the failure mode and effects data as described below.
5.1.1 Calculations of injury assessment variables and injury indices
For each of the 200 impact configurations defined in ISO 13232-2, and the simulation calibrated according to 4.5,
calculate the values of the injury assessment variables and injury indices listed in Table 5, using the injury
assessment variables and injury indices defined in ISO 13232-5.
5.1.2 Potential failure modes and effects
Tabulate the results of Table 5, across all 200 impact configurations. Designate impact configurations where there
is a positive change due to the protective device, in one or more of the injury assessment variables or injury indices,
as a potential failure mode of the protective device, for possible further consideration.
5.2 Simulated characteristics for laboratory component tests
Complete the test and simulation procedures below. Then overlay graphs of the resulting test and simulation
characteristics according to the format shown in Annex A. Anti alias filter, sample, and bandpass filter at CFC 1 000
all test data according to the procedures in ISO 13232-4. Use impactors which have a minimum resonance
frequency greater than 1 650 Hz. Complete the information describing the body, impactor, aligned axes, mass, and
initial velocity, and show a sketch of the apparatus set up.
12 © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

Table 5 — Injury assessment variables and injury indices to be calculated for each impact configuration
Injury assessment variable, injury index Values to calculate
MC without MC with Change due to
protective device protective device protective device
(1) (2) (2) - (1)
Head maximum resultant linear acceleration X X X
Head maximum resultant angular acceleration X X X
Head maximum GAMBIT X X X
HIC X X X
Head PAIS X X X
Neck PAIS X X X
Chest PAIS X X X
Abdomen PAIS X X X
Sum of left and right femur PAIS X X X
Sum of left and right knee PAIS X X X
Sum of left and right tibia PAIS X X X
Total normalized injury cost X X X

5.2.1 Static force/displacement tests
For each body listed in Tables 1, 2, and 3 do the laboratory tests. Do the tests in a quasi-static manner, unless
otherwise indicated, and with the impactor, contact points, axis alignments, orientations, and supports which are
indicated in Table 6. Measure the force versus displacement characteristics up to a force level corresponding to the
most severe injury of the respective dummy part for dummy parts, and corresponding to maximum expected force
and deflection for MC and OV parts.
Use the simulation to calculate the corresponding force versus displacement characteristics for the bodies listed in
Tables 1, 2, and 3.
5.2.2 Dynamic force/time and force/displacement tests
Do the dynamic tests defined in Tables 7, 8, and 9 for the dummy, MC, and OV, respectively. Use the bodies and
impactors shown in Figure 1; and the contact points, axis alignments, orientations, supports, and nominal initial
speeds listed in Tables 7, 8, and 9.
Use the simulation to calculate the corresponding force versus time and force versus displacement characteristics
for those bodies listed in Tables 7, 8, and 9.
5.3 Motorcycle barrier test
Orthogonally impact a rigid, flat barrier having a width and height of at least 2 m each with the MC at a speed of
13,4 m/s ± 5% and the relative heading angle, MC roll angle, and MC speed tolerances in accordance with 4.5.4.3
of ISO 13232-6. Measure the test data with two triaxial accelerometers mounted on each side of the MC, as close
as possible to the MC centre of gravity along the MC y axis, and with a rigid barrier face plate having three or more
load cells. Filter the data in accordance with ISO 6487 at frequency response class 60.
Using procedures consistent with ISO 13232-4, determine the displacements of the respective MC parts from two
high speed cameras at 1 000 f/s: one camera, a left side wide view of the entire MC; the other camera a right side
narrow view of the front forks and front wheel.
Table 6 — Set up for static laboratory component tests
Impactor or
a
Body impact surface Contact points Aligned axes Orientation Supports
Dummy abdomen (See 6.7 of ISO 13232-3) x with z (See 6.7 of ISO 13232-3)
A cyl
Dummy knee torsion (See 6.6 of ISO 13232-3) z with z (See 6.6 of ISO 13232-3)
lleg g
Dummy knee varus valgus (See 6.6 of ISO 13232-3) z with z (See 6.6 of ISO 13232-3)
lleg g
MC seat 400 mm cylinder Top of seat, 200 mm z with z z vertical Rigidly fixed MC
seat cyl seat
aft of forward edge of frame
seat
MC rear spring-damper - Bottom end of rear - - Rigidly fixed at
spring-damper upper end of
spring-damper
y with x z vertical
OV side Disc (edge) 1/2 overall OV length Rigidly fixed OV
OV disc OV
350 mm above road frame
y with y z vertical
OV side Disc (side) 1/2 overall OV length Rigidly fixed OV
OV disc OV
500 mm above road frame
OV front bumper Disc (edge) Centre of front bumper x with x z vertical Rigidly fixed OV
OV disc OV
frame
OV front bumper Disc (side) Centre of front bumper x with y z vertical Rigidly fixed OV
OV disc OV
frame
OV rear bumper Disc (edge) Centre of rear bumper x with x z vertical Rigidly fixed OV
OV disc OV
frame
x with y z vertical
OV rear bumper Disc (side) Centre of rear bumper Rigidly fixed OV
OV disc OV
frame
a
Refer to Figure 1.
14 © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

Table 7 — Set up for dynamic laboratory dummy component tests
Body Impactor or Contact points Aligned axes Orientation Supports Impactor Nominal
impact mass initial
a
surface speed
kg
m/s
Helmeted head Flat Top of helmet z with z z downward Helmeted head in fixed to 6
hH g hH
guided free fall ground
Upper arm Flat Middle of upper y with x y vertical Shoulder and 10 5
imp
uarm uarm
arm on the outer elbow supported
(lateral) surface by ground
Lower arm Flat Middle of lower y with x y vertical Elbow and wrist 10 5
imp
larm larm
arm on the outer supported by
(lateral) surface ground
Dummy thorax (See 49 CFR Part 572, 572.36 (a)) x with x (See 49 CFR Part 572, 572.34)
imp
Th
Pelvis Flat Lower front of Pelvis supported 10 2
45° below x with x x 45° from vertical
p imp p
pelvis by ground
Upper leg 70 mm cylinder Middle of flesh x with z x vertical Hip and knee 50 7,5
uleg cyl uleg
covered upper leg supported by
at femur mid-span ground
on the front
surface of the leg
Knee Flat Front of knee z with x z horizontal Dummy seated 5 2
imp
uleg uleg
(knee flexed 90°) on flat, rigid,
horizontal surface
Lower leg 70 mm cylinder Middle of flesh x with z x vertical Knee and ankle 50 7,5
lleg cyl lleg
covered lower leg supported by
at tibia mid-span ground
on the front
surface of the leg
Forward neck flexion (See 49 CFR Part 572, 572.33)
Rearward neck extension (See 49 CFR Part 572, 572.33, with neck mounted as appropriate to induce rearward neck extension)
Lateral neck flexion (See 49 CFR Part 572, 572.33, with neck mounted as appropriate to induce lateral neck flexion)
Neck torsion (See 6.8 of ISO/DIS 13232-3)
a Refer to Figure 1.
Table 8 — Set up for dynamic laboratory MC component tests
16 © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

Impactor Nominal
Body Impactor or Contact points Aligned axes Orientation Supports
a
mass initial speed
impact surface
kg m/s
MC fuel tank 400 mm cylinder Rear of fuel tank x with z x horizontal Tank mounting 50 20
MC cyl MC
with bottom of brackets
cylinder at height
of top of seat
Protective device (As required)
MC rear spring-damper Flat Bottom end of z with x z vertical Rigidly fixed upper 100 2
rs imp rs
rear spring- end of spring-
damper damper
a
Refer to Figure 1.
Table 9 — Set up for dynamic laboratory OV component tests
Impactor Nominal
Body Impactor or Contact points Aligned axes Orientation Supports
mass initial speed
impact
a
surface
kg m/s
OV roof rail 300 mm sphere Middle of OV roof rail 45° above y with x z vertical Rigidly fixed 10 10
OV sphere OV
OV frame
OV bonnet 300 mm sphere Centre of bonnet x perpendicular to z vertical Rigidly fixed 10 10
sphere OV
OV frame
bonnet
OV front windscreen 300 mm sphere Centre of windscreen x perpendicular to z vertical Rigidly fixed 10 10
sphere OV
OV frame
windscreen
OV front suspension Ground Front wheels z with z z vertical Sprung body - 1
OV g OV
at rear axle
OV rear suspension Ground Rear wheels z with z z vertical Sprung body - 1
OV g OV
at rear axle
a
Refer to Figure 1.
For each variable listed in 4.5.2, plot the output time histories from the test and from the simulation on the same
graph.
5.4 Full-scale impact test statistical correlation
Determine the values of the following injury assessment variables and injury indices according to ISO 13232-5, for
each of the 14 or more simulated tests, from the time of first MC/OV contact, until the last 0,001 s interval prior to
initial dummy/ground contact, or 0,500 s after first MC/OV contact, whichever is sooner:
⎯ head maximum resultant linear acceleration, a ;
r,H,max
⎯ fracture occurrence for the left and right femurs;
⎯ fracture occurrence for the left and right tibias;
⎯ dislocation occurrence for the left and right knees.
Correlate and tabulate these data for the 14 or more simulated tests against the measured full-scale data, using the
following procedures.
5.4.1 Head maximum resultant linear acceleration correlation
Calculate the correlation coefficient r as:
⎛ ⎞
⎜ N ()∑ a a - (∑ a) ()∑ a ⎟
fs r,H, fs r,H,cs r,H, fs r,H,cs
r =
⎜ ⎟
2 2
2 2
⎜ ⎟
( )()∑ a ( )()∑ a
∑ a - N ∑ a -
N r,H, fs
fs r,H, fs fs r,H,cs r,H,cs
⎝ ⎠
where
r is the correlat
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