ISO/FDIS 22032
(Main)Water quality — Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) in sediment, suspended particulate matter and biota — Method using gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) or with high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS)
Water quality — Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) in sediment, suspended particulate matter and biota — Method using gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) or with high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS)
ISO 22032:2006 specifies a method for the determination of selected polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) in sediment and sludge using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in the electron impact (EI) or negative ion chemical ionization (NCI) mode. When using GC-EI-MS, the method is applicable to samples containing 0,05 to 25 micrograms per kilogram of tetra- to octabromo congeners and 0,3 to 100 micrograms per kilogram of decabromo diphenyl ether (BDE-209), respectively.
Qualité de l'eau — Dosage d'éthers diphényliques polybromés (PBDE) dans les sédiments, les matières en suspension (particules) et le biote — Méthode par chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en tandem (CG-SM/SM) ou à la spectrométrie de masse haute résolution (CG-SMHR)
L'ISO 22032:2006 spécifie une méthode de détermination d'une sélection d'éthers diphényliques polybromés (PBDE) dans les sédiments et les boues, par chromatographie en phase gazeuse/spectrométrie de masse (CG/SM) avec ionisation par impact électronique (EI) ou ionisation chimique négative (NCI). Dans le cas de la CG-EI-SM, la méthode s'applique à des échantillons contenant de 0,05 microgrammes par kilogramme à 25 microgrammes par kilogramme de congénères tétrabromés à octabromés et de 0,3 microgrammes par kilogramme à 100 microgrammes par kilogramme d'éther diphénylique décabromé (BDE-209), respectivement.
General Information
- Status
- Not Published
- Technical Committee
- ISO/TC 147/SC 2 - Physical, chemical and biochemical methods
- Drafting Committee
- ISO/TC 147/SC 2 - Physical, chemical and biochemical methods
- Current Stage
- 5020 - FDIS ballot initiated: 2 months. Proof sent to secretariat
- Start Date
- 19-Feb-2026
- Completion Date
- 19-Feb-2026
Relations
- Effective Date
- 12-Feb-2026
- Consolidates
ISO 4156-1:2021 - Straight cylindrical involute splines — Metric module, side fit — Part 1: Generalities - Effective Date
- 15-Apr-2023
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2023
Overview
ISO/FDIS 22032 specifies an internationally recognized method for the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) in sediment, suspended particulate matter, and biota. Using advanced analytical techniques such as gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) or high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS), this standard enables laboratories and industries to reliably identify and quantify selected PBDE congeners, ensuring water quality and compliance with environmental regulations.
PBDEs are environmental contaminants widely used as flame retardants in various consumer and industrial products. Their persistence and potential toxicity pose significant environmental and health concerns, making accurate PBDE detection crucial for environmental monitoring, research, and regulatory compliance.
Key Topics
- PBDE Congeners Selection: The standard covers the analysis of eight key PBDE congeners, including BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, BDE-154, BDE-183, and BDE-209, which are commonly found in environmental samples.
- Analytical Techniques: ISO/FDIS 22032 includes methods using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS), allowing flexibility according to available instrumentation and required sensitivity.
- Sample Types: The method applies to a broad range of matrices, such as sediment, suspended particulate matter, and biological samples (biota). This ensures comprehensive environmental monitoring capabilities across different water bodies.
- Sample Preparation and Extraction: Detailed procedures for pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), Soxhlet extraction, and alternative cold extraction methods ensure consistent, reproducible sample processing.
- Clean-Up Methods: Multiple clean-up protocols are described, including the use of column chromatography and gel permeation chromatography, to effectively remove interferences and optimize PBDE recovery.
- Calibration and Quality Control: The standard specifies the use of internal standards, multi-level calibration, and routine quality checks to ensure method reliability and traceability.
Applications
ISO/FDIS 22032 is essential for:
- Environmental Monitoring: Used by environmental laboratories, research institutions, and government agencies to monitor PBDE contamination in aquatic systems.
- Regulatory Compliance: Supports compliance with environmental directives, such as the EU Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive (91/271/EEC), and other regional or national regulations focused on persistent organic pollutants.
- Industrial and Municipal Wastewater Assessment: Assists in the evaluation of sediments and biota in the proximity of industrial and municipal discharges, identifying PBDE pollution sources and trends.
- Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment: Provides quantitative data for assessing the risks associated with PBDE exposure in aquatic ecosystems, aiding in the development of management strategies and remediation plans.
- Supporting Research: Facilitates academic and applied research into the occurrence, distribution, and effects of PBDEs in the environment.
Related Standards
To ensure a holistic approach to water quality assessment and PBDE analysis, consider the following relevant standards:
- ISO 5667-12: Guidance on sampling of bottom sediments from rivers, lakes, and estuarine areas.
- ISO 5667-13: Guidance on sampling of sludges.
- ISO 5667-17: Guidance on the sampling of bulk suspended solids.
- ISO 8466-1: Water quality - Calibration and evaluation of analytical methods.
- ISO 10870: Selection of sampling methods and devices for benthic macroinvertebrates in freshwaters.
- ISO/TS 13530: Analytical quality control for chemical and physicochemical water analysis.
- EN 13946, EN 14011, EN 14757, EN 16150, EN 16190, EN 17218: European standards covering sampling of diatoms, fish, macroinvertebrates, soils, and mesozooplankton.
- EN 16190: Determination of dioxins, furans, and dioxin-like PCBs using GC-HRMS.
By implementing the robust and scientifically validated procedures outlined in ISO/FDIS 22032, laboratories and professionals in water quality management can ensure accurate PBDE measurement and contribute to ongoing efforts in environmental protection and human health safeguarding.
Buy Documents
ISO/FDIS 22032 - Water quality — Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) in sediment, suspended particulate matter and biota — Method using gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) or with high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) Released:5. 02. 2026
REDLINE ISO/FDIS 22032 - Water quality — Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) in sediment, suspended particulate matter and biota — Method using gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) or with high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) Released:5. 02. 2026
ISO/FDIS 22032 - Qualité de l'eau — Dosage d'éthers diphényliques polybromés (PBDE) dans les sédiments, les matières en suspension (particules) et le biote — Méthode par chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en tandem (CG-SM/SM) ou à la spectrométrie de masse haute résolution (CG-SMHR)
Get Certified
Connect with accredited certification bodies for this standard

NSF International
Global independent organization facilitating standards development and certification.
CIS Institut d.o.o.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) certification body. Notified Body NB-2890 for EU Regulation 2016/425 PPE.

Kiwa BDA Testing
Building and construction product certification.
Sponsored listings
Frequently Asked Questions
ISO/FDIS 22032 is a draft published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Water quality — Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) in sediment, suspended particulate matter and biota — Method using gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) or with high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS)". This standard covers: ISO 22032:2006 specifies a method for the determination of selected polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) in sediment and sludge using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in the electron impact (EI) or negative ion chemical ionization (NCI) mode. When using GC-EI-MS, the method is applicable to samples containing 0,05 to 25 micrograms per kilogram of tetra- to octabromo congeners and 0,3 to 100 micrograms per kilogram of decabromo diphenyl ether (BDE-209), respectively.
ISO 22032:2006 specifies a method for the determination of selected polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) in sediment and sludge using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in the electron impact (EI) or negative ion chemical ionization (NCI) mode. When using GC-EI-MS, the method is applicable to samples containing 0,05 to 25 micrograms per kilogram of tetra- to octabromo congeners and 0,3 to 100 micrograms per kilogram of decabromo diphenyl ether (BDE-209), respectively.
ISO/FDIS 22032 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 13.060.50 - Examination of water for chemical substances. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ISO/FDIS 22032 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to FprEN ISO 22032, ISO 4156-1:2021, ISO 22032:2006. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ISO/FDIS 22032 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/TC 147/SC 2
Water quality — Determination of
Secretariat: DIN
polybrominated diphenyl ethers
Voting begins on:
(PBDE) in sediment, suspended
2026-02-19
particulate matter and biota —
Voting terminates on:
Method using gas chromatography
2026-04-16
coupled with tandem mass
spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) or with
high resolution mass spectrometry
(GC-HRMS)
Qualité de l'eau — Dosage d'éthers diphényliques polybromés
(PBDE) dans les sédiments, les matières en suspension
(particules) et le biote — Méthode par chromatographie en phase
gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en tandem (CG-SM/
SM) ou à la spectrométrie de masse haute résolution (CG-SMHR)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/TC 147/SC 2
Water quality — Determination of
Secretariat: DIN
polybrominated diphenyl ethers
Voting begins on:
(PBDE) in sediment, suspended
particulate matter and biota —
Voting terminates on:
Method using gas chromatography
coupled with tandem mass
spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) or with
high resolution mass spectrometry
(GC-HRMS)
Qualité de l'eau — Dosage d'éthers diphényliques polybromés
(PBDE) dans les sédiments, les matières en suspension
(particules) et le biote — Méthode par chromatographie en phase
gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en tandem (CG-SM/
SM) ou à la spectrométrie de masse haute résolution (CG-SMHR)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO 2026
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Principle . 2
5 Interferences . 3
6 Reagents and standards . . 3
7 Apparatus . 6
8 Sampling and sample pretreatment. 7
9 Procedure . 7
9.1 Extraction of sediment or particulate matter samples by pressurized liquid extraction
(PLE) or Soxhlet . . .7
9.2 Extraction of biota samples .8
9.2.1 PLE, Soxhlet or Twisselmann extraction .8
9.2.2 Cold extraction alternative (biota) .8
10 Clean-up of sample extracts . 8
11 Measurement and integration of the chromatogram .10
12 Calibration .10
12.1 General .10
12.2 Estimation of the linear range .11
12.3 Calibration of the measuring method using an internal standard, .11
12.4 Injection standard .11
13 Identification .11
14 Quantification .11
14.1 Quantification using internal standards, including quality checks of the recovery of the
internal standards .11
14.2 Testing the validity of calibration . 12
15 Expression of results .12
16 Test report .12
Annex A (normative) Program for pressurized liquid extraction .13
Annex B (normative) Clean-up methods .15
Annex C (informative) Typical GC-MS conditions and m/z values for identification and
quantification .20
Annex D (informative) Examples of linearity check and calibration working solutions .26
Annex E (informative) Performance data .28
Bibliography .31
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 147, Water quality, Subcommittee SC 2, Physical,
chemical and biochemical methods, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization
(CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 230, Water analysis, in accordance with the Agreement on technical
cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 22032:2006), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— the scope has been expanded to include biota;
— GC-MS/MS has been included as a detection method;
— a description of a clean-up set with manual and automated methods for sediment, for suspended
particulate matter and biota has been included.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
This document enables the analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) related to 91/271/EEC - the
Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive, the European Union directive concerning the collection, treatment
and discharge of urban waste water and the treatment and discharge of waste water from certain industrial
sectors.
v
FINAL DRAFT International Standard ISO/FDIS 22032:2026(en)
Water quality — Determination of polybrominated diphenyl
ethers (PBDE) in sediment, suspended particulate matter
and biota — Method using gas chromatography coupled
with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) or with high
resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS)
WARNING — Persons using this document should be familiar with normal laboratory practice. This
document does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is
the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices.
IMPORTANT — It is absolutely essential that tests conducted in accordance with this document be
carried out by suitably qualified staff.
1 Scope
This document specifies a method for the determination of selected polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDE)
(see Figure 1 and Table 1) in sediment, suspended particulate matter and biota using gas chromatography
or mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS or GC-HRMS) in the electron impact (EI), negative ion chemical ionization
(NCI) or atmospheric pressure ionization (APCI) mode.
The method is applicable to sediment and suspended particulate matter samples with limits of quantification
of 0,2 µg/kg dry mass (dm) for brominated diphenylether (BDE) BDE-28 to BDE-183, of 2 µg/kg dry mass
(dm) for BDE-209.
The method is applicable as well with lower limits of quantification (LOQ), if specific clean-up methods,
described in Clause 10, Table 3, method 1 and method 2 in combination with measurement methods GC-
MS/MS or GC-HRMS after electron impact ionization (El) or negative ion chemical ionization (NCI) for BDE-
209 are used. Depending on the analytical capability of the instrument, limits of quantification down to
0,003 µg/kg dm for BDE-28 to BDE-154 and 0,02 µg/kg dm for BDE-183 and 1 µg/kg dm for BDE-209 and
lower are possible.
The method is applicable to biota samples with limits of quantification down to 0,000 2 µg/kg fresh mass
(fm) (BDE-28 to BDE-154) and 0,03 μg/kg fresh mass (fm) (BDE-183), if specific clean-up methods, described
in Table 4 in combination with measurement methods GC-MS/MS or GC-HRMS after electron impact
ionization (El) are used.
Performance data are listed in Annex E.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 8466-1:2021, Water quality — Calibration and evaluation of analytical methods — Part 1: Linear calibration
function
ISO/TS 13530, Water quality — Guidance on analytical quality control for chemical and physicochemical water
analysis
EN 16190, Soil, treated biowaste and sludge — Determination of dioxins and furans and dioxin-like
polychlorinated biphenyls by gas chromatography with high resolution mass selective detection (HR GC-MS)
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
4 Principle
Brominated diphenyl ethers are extracted from dried sample material (sediment, suspended particulate
matter, biota) using organic solvents.
Figure 1 — General structure of polybrominated diphenyl ethers
Table 1 — PBDE congeners determined by this method
a b
No. Congener Formula Abbreviation CAS-RN Molar mass
g/mol
1 2,4,4'-Tribromodiphenyl ether C H Br O BDE-28 41318-75-6 406,9
12 7 3
2 2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether C H Br O BDE-47 5436-43-1 485,8
12 6 4
3 2,2',4,4',5-Pentabromodiphenyl ether C H Br O BDE-99 60348-60-9 564,7
12 5 5
4 2,2',4,4',6-Pentabromodiphenyl ether C H Br O BDE-100 189084-64-8 564,7
12 5 5
5 2,2',4,4',5,5'-Hexabromodiphenyl ether C H Br O BDE-153 68631-49-2 643,6
12 4 6
6 2,2',4,4',5,6'-Hexabromodiphenyl ether C H Br O BDE-154 207122-15-4 643,6
12 4 6
7 2,2',3,4,4',5',6-Heptabromodiphenyl ether C H Br O BDE-183 207122-16-5 722,5
12 3 7
8 Decabromodiphenyl ether C Br O BDE-209 1163-19-5 959,2
12 10
a
Numbering analogous to IUPAC nomenclature for Polychlorinated Biphenylethers PCB.
b
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number® is a trademark of the American Chemical Society (ACS). This
information is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of the product
named. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.
Clean-up of the extract is carried out by various methods as specified in this document. Depending on the
matrix and the concentration of PBDE in the samples five different clean-up methods for sediment samples
and three methods for biota samples can be selected, e.g. column chromatography or gel permeation
chromatography. Options for avoiding dichloromethane and toluene in the sample clean-up are available.
After clean-up and concentration, separation of the brominated diphenyl ethers is accomplished by capillary
gas chromatography. For detection, different types of GC-MS equipment can be used, applying either mass
spectrometry in multiple reaction mode, or high resolution mass spectrometry with different ionisation
techniques as electron impact (EI), negative ion chemical ionization (NCI) or atmospheric pressure chemical
ionisation (APCI).
For the determination of the analyte concentration in the sample, an internal standard calibration is used.
5 Interferences
Non-specific matrix interferences, as well as interferences from other environmental contaminants are
dealt with using the given clean-up procedure.
Sources of contamination of the samples can be the following: brominated diphenyl ethers used as flame-
retardants or for other purposes in organic polymers, used in vial covers, Pasteur pipette fillers, recycled
paper and are possibly transported also via air dust. Therefore, any contact of samples, reagents or any
material used with these organic polymers shall be avoided.
PCB-180 can interfere with BDE-47 if a short column is used. The application of MS/MS detection as
well as avoiding m/z 323,87 in the detection by GC-HRMS allows for separation the compounds via mass
spectrometry.
Interferences with other chlorinated substances can occur, if chromatographic separation is not sufficient
as described in Reference [13]:
— BDE-47 at m/z 323,878 5 with Heptachlorobiphenyl at m/z 323,864 7 such as PCB-180;
— BDE-100 and BDE-99 at m/z 403,787 0 with Octachloronaphthalene at m/z 403,745 0;
— BDE-100 and BDE-99 at m/z 405,784 9 with Heptachlorodibenzofurans at m/z 405,784 7.
MS/MS detection at optional m/z values (see Table C.1) can solve the problem. Therefore, careful evaluation
of instrumentation, masses and mass transitions used in MS shall be done.
Further interferences from BDE-congeners not listed in this document, as well as by other brominated
compounds can be found in Reference [14]. Coelutions can occur especially when using short columns and
short oven programs. Such potential interferences depending on the analytical column are:
— BDE-16, BDE-33 interfering with BDE-28;
— BDE-184, BDE-182 and BDE-175 interfering with BDE-183.
These and further interferences should be overcome by a sufficient chromatographic separation.
6 Reagents and standards
Use only reagents and materials with negligibly low concentrations of brominated diphenyl ethers, verify
this in every analysis series by blank determinations over the total procedure. The blank over the total
procedure shall be less than the reported limit of detection (see the definition of the limit of detection in
ISO/TS 13530). If necessary, traces of PBDE in solid materials can be reduced by heating at 400 °C.
6.1 Solvents for extraction, preparation of stock solutions and clean up.
6.1.1 n-Heptane, C H .
7 16
6.1.2 Toluene, C H .
7 8
6.1.3 Acetone (2-propanone), C H O.
3 6
6.1.4 Dichloromethane, CH Cl .
2 2
6.1.5 Cyclohexane, C H .
6 12
6.1.6 Dodecane, C H for automatized clean up or as a keeper.
12 26,
6.1.7 n-Hexane, C H .
6 14
6.1.8 Ethanol, C H O.
2 6
6.1.9 Ethyl acetate, C H O .
4 8 2
6.2 Reference stock solutions.
See Table 1. Solutions of reference substances are commercially available.
Store the prepared solutions in a refrigerator at (5 ± 3) °C, alternatively according to the manufacturer.
6.3 Internal standard stock solutions.
Solutions of C-labelled reference substances for use as internal standards are commercially available.
Store the prepared solutions in a refrigerator at (5 ± 3) °C, alternatively according to the manufacturer.
See Table 2.
Table 2 — List of C-labelled internal standards
No Name Formula Abbreviation Molar mass
g/mol
13 13 13
1 2,4,4'-Tribromo[ C ]diphenyl ether C H Br O C-BDE-28 418,8
12 12 7 3
13 13 13
2 2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromo[ C ]diphenyl ether C H Br O C-BDE-47 497,7
12 12 6 4
13 13 13
3 2,2',4,4',5-Pentabromo[ C ]diphenyl ether C H Br O C-BDE-99 576,6
12 12 5 5
13 13 13
4 2,2',4,4',6-Pentabromo[ C ]diphenyl ether C H Br O C-BDE-100 576,6
12 12 5 5
13 13 13
5 2,2',4,4',5,5'-Hexabromo[ C ]diphenyl ether C H Br O C-BDE-153 655,5
12 12 4 6
13 13 13
6 2,2',4,4',5,6'-Hexabromo[ C ]diphenyl ether C H Br O C-BDE-154 655,5
12 12 4 6
13 13 13
7 2,2',3,4,4',5',6-Heptabromo[ C ]diphenyl ether C H Br O C-BDE-183 734,4
12 12 3 7
13 13 13
8 Decabromo[ C ]diphenyl ether C Br O C-BDE-209 971,1
12 12 10
6.4 Internal standard working solutions for calibration and addition to the samples, see Annex D.
6.5 Sodium sulfate, Na SO , anhydrous powdered baked in oven (7.5) for 4 hours at 400 °C.
2 4
6.6 Water, free of blanks and potential interferences.
6.7 Extraction filters, e.g. cellulose for PLE-extractor.
6.8 Soxhlet thimbles, (e.g. 27 mm × 100 mm) (pre-cleaned).
6.9 Sand (blank free), e.g. Ottawa sand or sea sand for blank analysis over the total procedure and as a
filling of the extraction cells; alternative: glass granulate.
6.10 Basic alumina, (Al O ), activity Super I, particle size 0,063 mm to 0,2 mm, pH 10 (100 g/l, H O, 20 °C)
2 3 2
3 1)
(in slurry) density 3,94 g/cm , e.g. MP Alumina B – Super I for Dioxin Analysis 1344-28-1 (mpbio.com),
avoid long storage and contact with air humidity.
6.11 Basic alumina, (Al O ), activity I, particle size 0,063 mm to 0,2 mm, pH 8,5 to pH 10,5 (100 g/l, H O,
2 3 2
20 °C) (in slurry) density 4 g/cm , (20 °C), pore size 9 nm, avoid long storage and contact with air humidity.
1) This information is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by
ISO of the product named. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.
6.12 Silica 60, (70 mesh to 230 mesh).
6.13 Silver nitrate, (AgNO ).
6.14 Sulfuric acid, H SO , 95 % to 97 %.
2 4
6.15 Hydrochloric acid, HCl, 2 mol/l.
6.16 Material for fixing the adsorbent materials in the clean-up columns, e.g. quartz wool or glass
wool, silanised glass wool.
6.17 Copper powder, grain size < 63 µm.
6.18 Silica-sulfuric acid.
Add 44 g sulfuric acid (6.14) dropwise to 56 g silica (6.12). Subsequently shake for 30 min. Store tightly
closed in brown glass bottles. The mixture is stable for at least 1 month.
6.19 Silica-silver nitrate.
Dissolve 10 g AgNO (6.13) in 40 ml water (6.6), add solution stepwise to 90 g silica (6.12) and stir, activate
at 125 °C for 5 hours. Store tightly closed in brown glass bottles. The mixture is stable at least for 1 month.
6.20 Operating gases, for GC-MS, of high purity and in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications.
6.21 Nitrogen, N , for concentrating of extracts.
6.22 Linearity check and calibration working solutions.
Considering the working range and the sample amount, prepare calibration solutions using syringes (7.17)
with the lowest point corresponding to the LOQ of the method (example given in Annex D). The concentration
of the internal standard should be between the medium and the top level of the calibration range (example
given in Annex D).
6.23 Injection standards.
The following C-labelled injection standards are commercially available and have proven to be practicable:
13 13
— 3,3',4,4'-Tetrabromo( C )diphenyl ether ( C-BDE-77);
13 13
— 3,3',4,5'-Tetrabromo( C )diphenyl ether ( C-BDE-79);
13 13
— 2,3’,4,4’,5-Pentabromo( C )diphenyl ether ( C-BDE-118);
13 13
— 2,2',3,4,4',5-Hexabromo( C )diphenyl ether ( C-BDE-137);
13 13
— 2,2',3,4,4',5’-Hexabromo( C )diphenyl ether ( C-BDE-138);
13 13
— 2,2',3,4,4',6-Hexabromo( C )diphenyl ether ( C-BDE-139);
13 13
— 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'-Heptabromo( C )diphenyl ether ( C-BDE-180);
13 13
— 2,3,3',4,4',5,6-Heptabromo( C )diphenyl ether ( C-BDE-190);
13 13
— 2,2',3,4,4',5,5',6-Octabromo( C )diphenyl ether ( C-BDE-203);
13 13
— 2,3,3',4,4',5,5',6-Octabromo( C )diphenyl ether ( C-BDE-205);
13 13
— 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6-Nonabromo( C )diphenyl ether ( C-BDE-206).
Use commercially available solutions (6.2, 6.3) (e.g. in nonane, toluene or iso-octane) or prepare stock
solutions, e.g. by dissolving 10 mg of each of the reference substances in n-heptane (6.1.1) in an amber, 10-ml
volumetric flask 7.15 and bring to volume (concentration: 1 mg/ml).
Examples for calibration working solutions are given in Annex D. For the linearity check use at least
six concentration levels.
The solutions may be stored in a refrigerator at (5 ± 3) °C in the dark for at least 1 year. Check the
concentration of the calibration solutions against an independently prepared standard prior to use.
7 Apparatus
Clean all glassware at least by rinsing with acetone (2-propanone) (6.1.3).
7.1 Wide-necked bottle, 1 000 ml up to 5 000 ml capacity, for wet sediment, particulate matter or biota.
7.2 Freeze drying apparatus.
7.3 Deep freezer.
7.4 Mortar and pestle, or a grinding mill.
7.5 Drying ovens, capable of maintaining temperatures in the ranges of 100 °C to 400 °C for baking of
clean-up materials, for baking of glassware and for dry residue determination of samples.
7.6 Sieve shaker with appropriate sieve meshes (aperture size), 2 mm.
7.7 Desiccator.
7.8 Pressurized liquid extractor (PLE) and appropriate filter materials suited for the device,
alternatively Soxhlet extraction apparatus, consisting of round bottom flasks (e.g. 250 ml), Soxhlet
extractors and Soxhlet thimbles (e.g. 27 mm × 100 mm) see 6.8, vertical condensers (e.g. 300 mm) and
heating apparatus or Twisselmann extraction system.
7.9 Evaporation device, e.g. rotary evaporator or concentration device with suitable gases 6.21.
7.10 Automatic sample processing system, e.g. DexTech/DexTech Plus from LC-Tech, MiuraTM GO-2HT
2)
(Miura Co. Ltd).
7.11 Small glass columns for chromatographic clean-up, 1 cm inner diameter, approximately 12 mm ×
140 mm with a stopcock.
7.12 Big glass columns for chromatographic clean-up, > 2 cm inner diameter, approximately 25 mm ×
150 mm with a stopcock.
7.13 Ready to use columns for automatized clean-up from, e.g. LC-Tech or Miura-system: see Clause B.7.
7.14 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) clean-up system (with modular design), pump, sampling
injector, sample rack; fraction collector, column: e.g. Ashahipak GF 310 HQ 7,5 mm × 300 mm, 5 µm particle
size.
2) DexTech/DexTech Plus from LC-Tech, MiuraTM GO-2HT (Miura Co. Ltd) are automatic sample processing systems.
This information is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO
of the automatic sample processing systems. Equivalent systems may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same
results.
7.15 Volumetric flasks, 1 ml, 2 ml, 10 ml and 25 ml, preferable amber glass.
7.16 Pasteur pipettes, e.g. 2 ml.
7.17 Syringes, 2 µl, 5 µl, 10 µl and 50 µl, volume precision ±2 %.
7.18 GC-sample vials, e.g. 2 ml, amber glass with a micro insert and a fluoropolymer-lined screw-cap is
most suitable.
7.19 Gas chromatograph, with operating gases 6.20 with a splitless injection port or a temperature
programmable injection port, coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer (GC-MS/MS) or GC-HRMS with
electron impact or chemical ionization and appropriate reactant gas (e.g. CH ) or atmospheric pressure
ionization.
7.20 Analytical column, fused silica column with non-polar low bleed separating phase (see Annex C for
examples); inner diameter < 0,25 mm, length 15 m, film thickness of 0,1 µm is recommended.
8 Sampling and sample pretreatment
Take samples, see e.g. ISO 5667-12, ISO 5667-13 or ISO 5667-17, in a bottle (7.1). Store and transport in the
dark at approximately 4 °C. Pre-treat the samples immediately in the laboratory by homogenizing and
freeze-drying (7.2), alternatively mix them with sodium sulfate (6.5). If an immediate pre-treating is not
possible, samples can be frozen (7.3) and stored in a freezer at a temperarure below −15 °C. Deagglomerize
the dried samples using apparatus e.g. (7.4) and sieve it using device (7.6) according to the analytical task.
Take and pretreat biota samples, see e.g. EN 14011, EN 14757, EN 16150, EN 17218, ISO 10870 or EN 13946,
immediately either before or after homogenizing by freezing. Freeze dry to remove water and to enhance
the surface for later extraction.
Store the dried samples protected against air humidity, e.g. in a desiccator (7.7).
9 Procedure
9.1 Extraction of sediment or particulate matter samples by pressurized liquid extraction
(PLE) or Soxhlet
Place the filter (6.7) or thimble (6.8) and, if applicable, the sand (6.9) in the extractor according to the
instructions for the extractor (PLE) (7.8) or Soxhlet extractor (7.8). Transfer a suitable amount, e.g. 5 g, of
the pre-treated, dry sample into the prepared extractor cell. Add a suitable amount of the internal standard
working solution (6.4) prepared from the internal standard stock solutions (6.3) to the sample and add 2 ml
of the extraction solvent (6.1) to avoid losses of the internal standard. Add sand (6.9) on the top.
Extract with n-heptane or n-hexane (6.1).
The extraction programs for PLE or Soxhlet given in Clauses A.1 and A.3 shall be applied.
Protect samples and extracts carefully from sunlight to avoid photodegradation of the PBDE, especially
BDE-209.
NOTE 1 Other extraction techniques can be used after performing comparability exercise with PLE and the given
program or Soxhlet extraction.
Extraction of BDE-209 requires specific attention and, sometimes, longer extraction times than for other
PBDE congeners.
NOTE 2 Other extraction solvents, can be used after performing comparability exercise.
Concentrate the extract from the extractor gently (at a temperature of 40 °C) to 1 ml ± 0,5 ml using a suitable
evaporation device (7.9).
9.2 Extraction of biota samples
9.2.1 PLE, Soxhlet or Twisselmann extraction
Place the filter (6.7) or thimble (6.8) and the sand (6.9) in the extractor according to the instructions for
the extractor (PLE) or alternative extractor (7.8). Transfer a suitable amount, 2 g to 5 g, of the dried biota
sample, into the prepared extractor cell. Add the internal standard working solution (6.4) to the sample and
add 2 ml of the extraction solvent to avoid losses of the internal standard. Add sand on the top, if applicable.
The internal standards can be added also after fat extraction, if an appropriate validation of the quantitative
extraction is given.
The extraction programs for PLE or Soxhlet given in Clauses A.2 and A.4 shall be applied.
Protect samples and extracts carefully from sunlight to avoid photodegradation of the PBDE, especially
BDE-209.
NOTE 1 Other extraction techniques, such as ultrasonic extraction, can be used after performing comparability
exercise with PLE and the given program or Soxhlet extraction.
Make sure that exhaustive extraction is achieved.
Extraction of BDE-209 requires specific attention and, sometimes, longer extraction times than other
PBDE congeners.
NOTE 2 Other extraction solvents, can be used after performing comparability exercise.
Concentrate the extract from the extractor gently (at a temperature of 40 °C) to 1 ml ± 0,5 ml using a suitable
evaporation device (7.9).
9.2.2 Cold extraction alternative (biota)
This procedure describes a cold extraction of fat by means of dichloromethane/cyclohexane (a volume
fraction of 1:1) (6.1.4 and 6.1.5).
A mixture of (30,0 ± 0,1) g of the wet sample, 70 g sodium sulfate (6.5), 30 g glass granulate or as an
alternative sea sand (6.9) and the internal standard solution (6.4) are put in a mortar (7.4). The mixture is
finely ground using the pestle to produce a powder. Approximately 5 g of sodium sulfate (6.5) is filled into a
chromatographic glass column (7.11) sealed with a plug of silanised glass wool (6.16). Afterwards the finely
ground sample powder is added to the column. Extract with 350 ml of a dichloromethane/cyclohexane (a
volume ratio of 1:1) mixture and collect the eluate in a 500 ml round bottom flask. This eluate is carefully
concentrated by means of an evaporation device (7.9) at a temperature of (40 ± 5) °C.
Remove the solvent entirely.
10 Clean-up of sample extracts
Depending on the matrix and the concentration of PBDE in the samples, five different clean-up methods
for sediment samples (see Table 3) and three methods for biota samples (see Table 4) shall be selected,
e.g. column chromatographic methods, or combined methods using GPC or avoiding dichloromethane and
toluene. One of the methods is identical to ISO 18635 for short chain polychlorinated paraffins (SCCP)
analysis in sediment and allows for enhancement of laboratory efficiency.
Before applying the method, the elution volume shall be checked. The clean-up columns are always prepared
before solvent addition, hence do not prepare by the slurry technique.
Table 3 — Clean-up methods for sediments and suspended particle matter
(see Annex B)
Clean-up method Method 1 Method 2 Method 3 Method 4 Method 7
Low concentra- Low concentra-
Medium concen- tion of matrix tion of matrix High concentra-
High concentration
Matrix tration of matrix constituents, e.g. constituents, e.g. tion of matrix
of matrix constitu-
characterisation constituents, sometimes in sometimes in constituents,
ents, possibly PCB
possibly PCB suspended partic- suspended partic- lipids, PCB
ulate matter ulate matter
No use of dichlo-
Use of dichlo- Use of dichlo-
romethane and
Additional = clean-up in
romethane and Use of toluene romethane and
toluene
information ISO 18635
toluene toluene
No sulfur removal
Column chro-
Column chromato-
matographic
graphic clean-up
clean-up with
with sulfur re-
sulfur removal
moval using layers
Clean-up step using layers of
of silica-sulfuric
silica-sulfuric
acid and silica-sil-
acid and silica-sil-
ver nitrate (see
ver nitrate (see
Clause B.1)
Clause B.1)
Column chroma-
tographic clean-
up with silica-sul-
Clean-up step
furic acid in a
small column
(see Clause B.2)
Column chromato-
graphic clean-up
with Alumi-
na B Super I (see
Clean-up step
Clause B.3)
Use of dichlo-
romethane
Column chroma-
tographic clean-
up with Alumina
Clean-up step
and activated
copper powder
(see Clause B.4)
Gel chromato-
Clean-up step graphic clean-up
(see Clause B.5)
Biota automat-
Clean-up step ed clean up (see
Clause B.7)
NOTE For samples containing high amounts of sulfur: gel permeation chromatography is more efficient for sulfur
removal than using copper powder.
Concentrate (7.9) the final eluate carefully to a volume of about 0,5 ml to 1 ml and dry it with sodium sulfate
(6.5), if necessary. For further concentration a keeper can be added to avoid evaporation to dryness, e.g.
10 µl dodecane (6.1.6) for a final volume of e.g. 100 µl. Transfer the extract to a GC-vial (7.18).
Table 4 — Clean-up methods for biota
Clean-up method Method 5 Method 6 Method 7
Matrix High concentration of matrix High concentration of matrix High concentration of matrix
characterisation constituents, lipids, PCB constituents, lipids, PCB constituents, lipids, PCB
Additional Use of dichloromethane and
Use of dichloromethane No use of dichloromethane
information toluene
Column chromatographic Column chromatographic
Clean-up step clean-up by modified silica – clean-up by modified silica –
big column (see Clause B.6) big column (see Clause B.6)
Column chromatographic
Clean-up step clean-up by alumina B Super I
(see Clause B.3)
Column chromatographic
clean-up with Alumina and
Clean-up step
activated copper powder (see
Clause B.4)
Gel chromatographic clean-up
Clean-up step
(see Clause B.5)
Biota automated clean up (see
Clean-up step
Clause B.7)
Concentrate (7.9) the final eluate carefully to a volume of about 0,5 ml to 1 ml and dry it with sodium sulfate
(6.5), if necessary. For further concentration a keeper can be added to avoid evaporation to dryness, e.g.
10 µl dodecane (6.1.6) for a final volume of e.g. 100 µl. Transfer the extract to a GC-vial (7.18).
11 Measurement and integration of the chromatogram
Optimize the operating conditions of the GC-MS system (7.19 and 7.20) according to the manufacturer’s
instructions. Examples of the gas chromatographic conditions are given in Annex C.
Prior to analysis, establish the operating conditions and verify the GC-MS system performance and the
calibration for all analytes and their internal standards by analysis of a calibration standard.
Add the injection standard (6.23) to the final extract if applicable, and analyse the sample with GC-MS.
Especially for the analysis of BDE-209, minimise the exposure time of the samples to high temperatures
during sample injection and separation stages, because of the thermal degradation of BDE-209 at
temperatures higher than 300 °C. Optimize the injection step, paying special attention to the peak height of
BDE-209.
The m/z transitions are examples for measured ions and integrated signals for quantification. It is also
possible to summarize more than one ion for quantification.
12 Calibration
12.1 General
The calibration and quantification shall be performed in accordance with ISO 8466-1, ISO/TS 13530; the
calibration and quantification in soil, treated biowaste and sludge shall be performed in accordance with
EN 16190.
The strategy of calibration of the measurement method using an internal standard according to ISO 8466-1
is selected. For that, matrix free calibration solutions with C-labelled internal standards are used. Isotopic
dilution analysis according to EN 16190 can be used for calibration and quantification as well.
Use at minimum one C-labelled internal standard per degree of bromination.
Matrix effects will be corrected by addition of the internal standard solution to the sample prior to sample
preparation.
Further injection standards can be used to check the recovery rate of the internal standards.
Calibration and quantification in the linear range is recommended, although non-linear relationships
between concentration and response can be used according to ISO/TS 13530.
For appropriate working solutions, see 6.22.
12.2 Estimation of the linear range
Calibration working solutions should be used as described in Annex D.
The estimation of the linear range shall be performed by calculating and evaluating the point-to-point slope
in accordance with ISO 8466-1:2021, 5.3. After calculation of the section-wise slope of each two consecutive
measuring points, differences of slopes should be lower than 10 % of the median.
12.3 Calibration of the measuring method using an internal standard,
Use calibration working solutions described in Annex D.
Modern software allows for calibration according to the equations in ISO 8466-1:2021, 6.4. The operator may
decide if the calibration line should be forced through zero or not, depending on the significance of intercept.
The lowest calibration point shall be lower than or equal to the corresponding limit of quantification in the
solid sample.
12.4 Injection standard
An injection standard is also referred as a “syringe or volumetric or recovery standard”. It is a compound
of known chemical purity added to every sample, procedural blank or calibration standard at a known
concentration, prior to instrument analysis. It is used to calculate the recovery of the internal standards
(6.23).
13 Identification
Consider an analyte as identified if:
— the retention time of the analyte in the mass chromatogram of the sample is the same as the retention
time of the reference substance in the chromatogram of the calibration standard solution measured
under identical experimental conditions (the deviation shall be below 1 %); and
— the ratio of the quantification and qualifier mass is within ±25 % of the ratio of calibration substances.
Near the limit of quantification the ratio can be higher.
The ions or transitions in Annex C are proposed for electron impact ionization detection. Use two
representative ions/transitions with a recognizable bromine-pattern for identification of each compound.
14 Quantification
14.1 Quantification
...
ISO/DIS FDIS 22032:2025(en)
ISO/TC 147/SC 2
Secretariat: DIN
Date: 2026-02-04
Water quality — Determination of polybrominated diphenyl
ethers (PBDE) in sediment, suspended (particulate) matter and
biota — Method using gas chromatography -coupled with tandem
mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) or with high resolution mass
spectrometry (GC-MS/MS; HRMS)
Second edition
Date: 2025-06-26
This draft is submitted to a parallel vote in ISO, CEN.
Qualité de l'eau — Dosage d'éthers diphényliques polybromés (PBDE) dans les sédiments, les matières en
suspension (particules) et le biote — Méthode par chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à la
spectrométrie de masse en tandem (CG-SM/SM) ou à la spectrométrie de masse haute résolution (CG-SMHR)
FDIS stage
This draft is submitted to a parallel vote in ISO, CEN.
ISO/DIS 22032:2025(en)
DRAFT International Standard
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
EmailE-mail: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
Contents
Foreword . v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Principle . 2
5 Interferences . 4
6 Reagents and standards . 4
7 Apparatus . 7
8 Sampling and sample pretreatment . 8
9 Procedure . 9
9.1 Extraction of sediment or particulate matter samples by pressurized liquid extraction
(PLE) or Soxhlet . 9
9.2 Extraction of biota samples . 9
10 Clean-up of sample extracts . 10
11 Measurement and integration of the chromatogram . 13
12 Calibration . 13
12.1 General . 13
12.2 Estimation of the linear range . 13
12.3 Calibration of the measuring method using an internal standard, . 14
12.4 Injection standard . 14
13 Identification . 14
14 Quantification. 14
14.1 Quantification using internal standards, including quality checks of the recovery of the
internal standards . 14
14.2 Testing the validity of calibration . 15
15 Expression of results . 15
16 Test report . 15
Annex A (normative) Program for pressurized liquid extraction . 17
Annex B (normative) Clean-up methods . 21
Annex C (informative) Typical GC-MS conditions and m/z values for identification and
quantification . 26
Annex D (informative) Examples of linearity check and calibration working solutions . 6
Annex E (informative) Performance data . 8
Bibliography . 11
iv
ISO/DIS FDIS 22032:20252026(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO documentdocuments should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules
of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights
in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s)
which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not
represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO'sISO’s adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 147, Water quality, Subcommittee SC 2,
Physical, chemical and biochemical methods, in collaboration with the European Committee for
Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 230, Water analysis, in accordance with the Agreement
on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at .
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 22032:2006), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— — the scope has been expanded to include biota;
— — GC-MS/MS has been included as a detection method;
— — a description of a clean-up set with manual and automated methods for sediment, for suspended
particulate matter and biota has been included.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at .
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
v
Introduction
This document enables the analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) related to 91/271/EEC - the
Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive, the European Union directive concerning urban waste waterthe
collection, treatment and discharge of urban waste water and the treatment and discharge of waste water
from certain industrial sectors.
vi
DRAFT International Standard ISO/DIS 22032:2025(en)
Water quality — Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers
(PBDE) in sediment, suspended (particulate) matter and biota —
Method using gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass
spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) or with high resolution mass
spectrometry (GC-MS/MS, GC-HRMS)
WARNING — Persons using this document should be familiar with normal laboratory practice.
This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its
use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices.
IMPORTANT — It is absolutely essential that tests conducted in accordance with this document be
carried out by suitably qualified staff.
1 Scope
This document specifies a method for the determination of selected polybrominated diphenylethers
(PBDE) (see Figure 1Figure 1 and Table 1Table 1)) in sediment, suspended particulate matter and biota
using gas chromatography/ or mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS or GC-HRMS) in the electron impact (EI),
negative ion chemical ionization (NCI) or atmospheric pressure ionization (APCI) mode.
The method is applicable to sediment and suspended particulate matter samples with limits of
quantification of 0,2 µg/kg dry mass (dm) for brominated diphenylether (BDE) BDE-28 to BDE-183, of
2 µg/kg dry mass (dm) for BDE--209.
The method is applicable as well with lower limits of quantification (LOQ), if specific clean-up methods,
described in Clause 10, Table 3Clause 10, Table 3,, method 1 and method 2 in combination with
measurement methods GC-MS/MS or GC-HRMS after electron impact ionization (El) or negative ion
chemical ionization (NCI) for BDE-209 are used. Depending on the analytical capability of the instrument,
limits of quantification down to 0,003 µg/kg dm for BDE-28 to BDE-154 and 0,02 µg/kg dm for BDE-183
and 1 µg/kg dm for BDE-209 and lower are possible.
The method is applicable to biota samples with limits of quantification down to 0,000 2 µg/kg fresh mass
(fm) (BDE-28 to BDE-154) and 0,03 μg/kg fresh mass (fm) (BDE-183), if specific clean-up methods,
described in Table 4Table 4 in combination with measurement methods GC-MS/MS or GC-HRMS after
electron impact ionization (El) are used.
Performance data are listed in Annex EAnnex E.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 5667-12, Water quality — Sampling — Part 12: Guidance on sampling of bottom sediments from rivers,
lakes and estuarine areas
ISO 5667-13, Water quality — Sampling — Part 13: Guidance on sampling of sludges
ISO 5667-17, Water quality — Sampling — Part 17: Guidance on sampling of bulk suspended solids
ISO 8466--1:2021, Water quality — Calibration and evaluation of analytical methods — Part 1: Linear
calibration function
ISO 10870, Water quality — Guidelines for the selection of sampling methods and devices for benthic
macroinvertebrates in fresh waters
ISO/TS 13530, Water quality — Guidance on analytical quality control for chemical and physicochemical
water analysis
EN 13946, Water quality — Guidance for the routine sampling and preparation of benthic diatoms from
rivers and lakes
EN 14011, Water quality — Sampling of fish with electricity
EN 14757, Water quality — Sampling of fish with multi-mesh gillnets
EN 16150, Water quality — Guidance on pro-rata Multi-Habitat sampling of benthic macro-invertebrates
from wadeable rivers
EN 16190, Soil, treated biowaste and sludge — Determination of dioxins and furans and dioxin-like
polychlorinated biphenyls by gas chromatography with high resolution mass selective detection
(HR GC--MS)
EN 17218, Water quality — Guidance on sampling of mesozooplankton from marine and brackish water
using mesh
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— — ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— — IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
4 Principle
Brominated diphenyl ethers are extracted from dried sample material (sediment, suspended particulate
matter, biota) using organic solvents.
2 © ISO 2024 – All rights reserved
ISO/DIS 22032:2025(en)
Figure 1 — General structure of polybrominated diphenyl ethers
Table 1 — PBDE congeners determined by this method
a b
No. Congener Formula Abbreviation CAS-RN Molar mass
g/mol
1 2,4,4'-Tribromodiphenyl ether C12H7Br3O BDE--28 41318-75-6 406,9
2 2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether C H Br O BDE--47 5436-43-1 485,8
12 6 4
3 2,2',4,4',5-Pentabromodiphenyl ether C12H5Br5O BDE--99 60348-60-9 564,7
4 2,2',4,4',6-Pentabromodiphenyl ether C12H5Br5O BDE--100 189084-64-8 564,7
5 2,2',4,4',5,5'-Hexabromodiphenyl C H Br O BDE--153 68631-49-2 643,6
12 4 6
ether
6 2,2',4,4',5,6'-Hexabromodiphenyl C12H4Br6O BDE--154 207122-15-4 643,6
ether
7 2,2',3,4,4',5',6-Heptabromodiphenyl C12H3Br7O BDE--183 207122-16-5 722,5
ether
8 Decabromodiphenyl ether C12Br10O BDE--209 1163-19-5 959,2
a Numbering analogous to IUPAC nomenclature for Polychlorinated Biphenylethers PCB.
b
CAS-RN Chemical Abstracts Services Registration Number.b Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number® is a
trademark of the American Chemical Society (ACS). This information is given for the convenience of users of this document
and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of the product named. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown
to lead to the same results.
Clean-up of the extract is carried out by various methods as specified in this document. Depending on the
matrix and the concentration of PBDE in the samples five different clean-up methods for sediment
samples and three methods for biota samples can be selected, e.g. column chromatography or gel
permeation chromatography. Options for avoiding dichloromethane and toluene in the sample clean-up
are available.
After clean-up and concentration, separation of the brominated diphenyl ethers is accomplished by
capillary gas chromatography. For detection, different types of GC-MS equipment can be used, applying
either mass spectrometry in multiple reaction mode, or high resolution mass spectrometry with different
ionisation techniques as electron impact (EI), negative ion chemical ionization (NCI) or atmospheric
pressure chemical ionisation (APCI).
For the determination of the analyte concentration in the sample, an internal standard calibration is used.
5 Interferences
Non--specific matrix interferences, as well as interferences from other environmental contaminants are
dealt with using the given clean-up procedure.
Sources of contamination of the samples can be the following: brominated diphenyl ethers used as flame-
retardants or for other purposes in organic polymers, used in vial covers, Pasteur pipette fillers, recycled
paper and are possibly transported also via air dust. Therefore, any contact of samples, reagents or any
material used with these organic polymers shall be avoided.
PCB-180 can interfere with BDE-47 if a short column is used. The application of MS/MS detection as well
as avoiding m/z 323,87 in the detection by GC-HRMS allows for separation the compounds via mass
spectrometry.
Interferences with other chlorinated substances can occur, if chromatographic separation is not sufficient
as described in Reference [13[1]:]:
— — BDE-47 at m/z 323,878 5 with Heptachlorobiphenyl at m/z 323,864 7 such as PCB-180;
— — BDE-100 and BDE-99 at m/z 403,787 0 with Octachloronaphthalene at m/z 403,745 0;
— — BDE-100 and BDE-99 at m/z 405,784 9 with Heptachlorodibenzofurans at m/z 405,784 7.
MS/MS detection at optional m/z values (see Table C.1Table C.1)) can solve the problem. Therefore,
careful evaluation of instrumentation, masses and mass transitions used in MS shall be done.
Further interferences from BDE-congeners not listed in this document, as well as by other brominated
compounds can be found in Reference [14[2].]. Coelutions can occur especially when using short columns
and short oven programs. Such potential interferences depending on the analytical column are:
— — BDE-16, BDE-33 interfering with BDE-28;
— — BDE-184, BDE-182 and BDE-175 interfering with BDE-183.
These and further interferences should be overcome by a sufficient chromatographic separation.
6 Reagents and standards
Use only reagents and materials with negligibly low concentrations of brominated diphenyl ethers, verify
this in every analysis series by blank determinations over the total procedure. The blank over the total
procedure mustshall be less than the reported limit of detection (see the definition of the limit of
detection in ISO/TS 13530). If necessary, traces of PBDE in solid materials can be reduced by heating at
400 °C.
6.1 6.1 Solvents for extraction, preparation of stock solutions and clean up.
6.1.1 6.1.1 n--Heptane, C H .
7 16
6.1.2 6.1.2 Toluene, C H .
7 8
6.1.3 6.1.3 Acetone (2-propanone), C H O.
3 6
4 © ISO 2024 – All rights reserved
ISO/DIS 22032:2025(en)
6.1.4 6.1.4 Dichloromethane, CH Cl .
2 2
6.1.5 6.1.5 Cyclohexane, C H .
6 12
6.1.6 6.1.6 Dodecane, C H for automatized clean up or as a keeper.
12 26,
6.1.7 6.1.7 n-Hexane, C H .
6 14
6.1.8 6.1.8 Ethanol, C H O.
2 6
6.1.9 6.1.9 Ethyl acetate, C H O .
4 8 2
6.1.10
6.2 6.2 Reference stock solutions.
See Table 1Table 1. Solutions of reference substances are commercially available.
Store the prepared solutions in a refrigerator at (5 ± 3) °C, alternatively according to the manufacturer.
6.3 6.3 Internal standard stock solutions.
Solutions of C-labelled reference substances for use as internal standards are commercially available.
Store the prepared solutions in a refrigerator at (5 ± 3) °C, alternatively according to the manufacturer.
See Table 2Table 2.
Table 2 — List of C-labelled internal standards
No Name Formula Abbreviation Molar mass
g/mol
Internal standards
13 13 13
1 2,4,4'-Tribromo[ C ]diphenyl ether C H Br O C-BDE--28 418,8
12 12 7 3
13 13 13
2 2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromo[ C12]diphenyl ether C12H6Br4O C-BDE--47 497,7
13 13 13
3 2,2',4,4',5-Pentabromo[ C ]diphenyl ether C H Br O C-BDE--99 576,6
12 12 5 5
13 13 13
4 2,2',4,4',6-Pentabromo[ C12]diphenyl ether C12H5Br5O C-BDE--100 576,6
13 13 13
5 2,2',4,4',5,5'-Hexabromo[ C ]diphenyl ether C H Br O C-BDE--153 655,5
12 12 4 6
13 13 13
6 2,2',4,4',5,6'-Hexabromo[ C ]diphenyl ether C H Br O C-BDE--154 655,5
12 12 4 6
13 13 13
7 2,2',3,4,4',5',6-Heptabromo[ C12]diphenyl ether C12H3Br7O C-BDE--183 734,4
13 13 13
8 Decabromo[ C ]diphenyl ether C Br O C-BDE--209 971,1
12 12 10
6.4 6.4 Internal standard working solutions for calibration and addition to the samples, see
Annex DAnnex D.
6.5 6.5 Sodium sulfate, Na SO , anhydrous powdered baked in oven (7.5(7.5)) for 4 hours at
2 4
400 °C.
6.6 6.6 Water, free of blanks and potential interferences.
6.7 6.7 Extraction filters, e.g. cellulose for PLE-extractor.
6.8 6.8 Soxhlet thimbles, (e.g. 27 mm × 100 mm) (pre-cleaned).
6.9 6.9 Sand (blank free), e.g. Ottawa sand or sea sand for blank analysis over the total
procedure and as a filling of the extraction cells,; alternative: glass granulate.
6.10 6.10 Basic alumina, (Al O ), activity Super I, particle size 0,063 mm to 0,2 mm, pH 10 (100 g/l,
2 3
3 1)
H O, 20 °C) (in slurry) density 3,94 g/cm , e.g. MP Alumina B – Super I for Dioxin Analysis 1344-28-1
(mpbio.com), avoid long storage and contact with air humidity.
6.11 6.11 Basic alumina, (Al O ), Activityactivity I, particle size 0,063 mm to 0,2 mm, pH 8,5 to
2 3
pH 10,5 (100 g/l, H O, 20 °C) (in slurry) density 4 g/cm , (20 °C), pore size 9 nm, avoid long storage and
contact with air humidity.
6.12 6.12 Silica 60, (70 mesh to 230 mesh).
6.13 6.13 Silver nitrate, (AgNO ).
6.14 6.14 Sulfuric acid, H SO , 95 % to 97 %.
2 4
6.15 6.15 Hydrochloric acid, HCl, 2 mol/l.
6.16 6.16 Material for fixing the adsorbent materials in the clean-up columns, e.g. quartz wool
or glass wool, silanised glass wool.
6.17 6.17 Copper powder, grain size < 63 µm.
6.18 6.18 Silica-sulfuric acid.
Add 44 g sulfuric acid (6.14(6.14)) dropwise to 56 g silica (6.12(6.12).). Subsequently shake for 30 min.
Store tightly closed in brown glass bottles. The mixture is stable for at least 1 month.
6.19 6.19 Silica-silver nitrate.
Dissolve 10 g AgNO (6.13(6.13)) in 40 ml water (6.6(6.6),), add solution stepwise to 90 g silica
(6.12(6.12)) and stir, activate at 125 °C for 5 hours. Store tightly closed in brown glass bottles. The
mixture is stable at least for 1 month.
6.20 6.20 Operating gases, for GC--MS, of high purity and in accordance with manufacturer’s
specifications.
6.21 6.21 Nitrogen, N , for concentrating of extracts.
6.22 6.22 Linearity check and calibration working solutions.
Considering the working range and the sample amount, prepare calibration solutions using syringes
(7.17(7.17)) with the lowest point corresponding to the LOQ of the method, (example given in
Annex DAnnex D. ). The concentration of the internal standard should be between the medium and the
top level of the calibration range, (example given in Annex DAnnex D.).
6.23 6.23 Injection standards.
1)
This information is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement
by ISO of the product named. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.
6 © ISO 2024 – All rights reserved
ISO/DIS 22032:2025(en)
The following C-labelled injection standards are commercially available and have proven to be
practicable:
13 13
— — 3,3',4,4'-Tetrabromo( C )diphenyl ether ( C-BDE-77);
13 13
— — 3,3',4,5'-Tetrabromo( C )diphenyl ether ( C-BDE-79);
13 13
— — 2,3’,4,4’,5-Pentabromo( C )diphenyl ether ( C-BDE-118);
13 13
— — 2,2',3,4,4',5-Hexabromo( C )diphenyl ether ( C-BDE-137);
13 13
— — 2,2',3,4,4',5’-Hexabromo( C )diphenyl ether ( C-BDE-138);
13 13
— — 2,2',3,4,4',6-Hexabromo( C )diphenyl ether ( C-BDE-139);
13 13
— — 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'-Heptabromo( C )diphenyl ether ( C-BDE-180);
13 13
— — 2,3,3',4,4',5,6-Heptabromo( C )diphenyl ether ( C-BDE-190);
13 13
— — 2,2',3,4,4',5,5',6-Octabromo( C )diphenyl ether ( C-BDE-203);
13 13
— — 2,3,3',4,4',5,5',6-Octabromo( C )diphenyl ether ( C-BDE-205);
13 13
— — 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6-Nonabromo( C )diphenyl ether ( C-BDE-206).
Use commercially available solutions (6.2, 6.3(6.2, 6.3)) (e.g. in nonane, toluene or iso-octane) or prepare
stock solutions, e.g. by dissolving 10 mg of each of the reference substances in n--heptane (6.1.1(6.1.1))
in an amber, 10--ml volumetric flask 7.157.15 and bring to volume (concentration: 1 mg/ml).
Examples for calibration working solutions are given in Annex DAnnex D. For the linearity check use at
least six concentration levels.
The solutions may be stored in a refrigerator at (5 ± 3) °C in the dark for at least 1 year. Check the
concentration of the calibration solutions against an independently prepared standard prior to use.
7 Apparatus
Clean all glassware at least by rinsing with acetone (2-propanone) (6.1.3(6.1.3).).
7.1 7.1 Wide-necked bottle, 1 000 ml up to 5 000 ml capacity, for wet sediment, particulate
matter or biota.
7.2 7.2 Freeze drying apparatus.
7.3 7.3 Deep freezer.
7.4 7.4 Mortar and pestle, or a grinding mill.
7.5 7.5 Drying ovens, capable of maintaining temperatures in the ranges of 100 °C to 400 °C for
baking of clean-up materials, for baking of glassware and for dry residue determination of samples.
7.6 7.6 Sieve shaker with appropriate sieve meshes (aperture size), 2 mm.
7.7 7.7 Desiccator.
7.8 7.8 Pressurized liquid extractor (PLE) and appropriate filter materials suited for the
device, alternatively Soxhlet extraction apparatus, consisting of round bottom flasks (e.g. 250 ml),
Soxhlet extractors and Soxhlet thimbles (e.g. 27 mm × 100 mm) see 6.86.8,, vertical condensers (e.g.
300 mm) and heating apparatus or Twisselmann extraction system.
7.9 7.9 Evaporation device, e.g. rotary evaporator or concentration device with suitable gases
6.216.21.
7.10 7.10 Automatic sample processing system, e.g. DexTech/DexTech Plus from LC-Tech,
12)
MiuraTM GO--2HT (Miura Co. Ltd).
7.11 7.11 Small glass columns for chromatographic clean--up, 1 cm inner diameter,
approximately 12 mm × 140 mm with a stopcock.
7.12 7.12 Big glass columns for chromatographic clean--up, > 2 cm inner diameter,
approximately 25 mm × 150 mm with a stopcock.
7.13 7.13 Ready to use columns for automatized clean-up from, e.g. LC-Tech or Miura-system:
see Clause B.7Clause B.7.
7.14 7.14 Gel Permeation Chromatographypermeation chromatography (GPC) clean--up
system (with modular design), pump, sampling injector, sample rack; fraction collector, column: e.g.
Ashahipak GF 310 HQ 7,5 mm × 300 mm, 5 µm particle size.
7.15 7.15 Volumetric flasks, 1 ml, 2 ml, 10 ml and 25 ml, preferable amber glass.
7.16 7.16 Pasteur pipettes, e.g. 2 ml.
7.17 7.17 Syringes, 2 µl, 5 µl, 10 µl and 50 µl, volume precision ±2 %.
7.18 7.18 GC-sample vials, e.g. 2 ml, amber glass with a micro insert and a fluoropolymer--lined
screw--cap is most suitable.
7.19 7.19 Gas chromatograph, with operating gases 6.206.20 with a splitless injection port or a
temperature programmable injection port, coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer (GC--MS/MS) or GC-
HRMS with electron impact or chemical ionization and appropriate reactant gas (e.g. CH ) or atmospheric
pressure ionization.
7.20 7.20 Analytical column, Fusedfused silica column with non-polar low bleed separating phase
(see Annex CAnnex C for examples); e.g. inner diameter < 0,25 mm, length 15 m, film thickness of
0,1 µm is recommended.
8 Sampling and sample pretreatment
Take samples as specified in , see e.g. ISO 5667--12, ISO 5667--13 or ISO 5667-17, in a bottle (7.1(7.1).).
Store and transport in the dark at approximately 4 °C. Pre--treat the samples immediately in the
laboratory by homogenizing and freeze--drying (7.2(7.2),), alternatively mix itthem with sodium sulfate
DexTech/DexTech Plus from LC-Tech, MiuraTM GO-2HT (Miura Co. Ltd) are automatic sample processing systems.
This information is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by
ISO of the automatic sample processing systems. Equivalent systems may be used if they can be shown to lead to
the same results.”
2)
DexTech/DexTech Plus from LC-Tech, MiuraTM GO-2HT (Miura Co. Ltd) are automatic sample processing
systems. This information is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an
endorsement by ISO of the automatic sample processing systems. Equivalent systems may be used if they can be
shown to lead to the same results.
8 © ISO 2024 – All rights reserved
ISO/DIS 22032:2025(en)
(6.5(6.5).). If an immediate pre-treating is not possible, samples can be frozen (7.3(7.3)) and stored in a
freezer at a temperarure below −15 °C. Deagglomerize the dried samples using apparatus e.g. (7.4(7.4))
and sieve it using device (7.6(7.6)) according to the analytical task.
Take and pretreat biota samples as specified in, see e.g. EN 14011, EN 14757, EN 16150, EN 17218,
ISO 10870 or EN 13946, immediately either before or after homogenizing by freezing. Freeze dry to
remove water and to enhance the surface for later extraction.
Store the dried samples protected against air humidity, e.g. in a desiccator (7.7(7.7).).
9 Procedure
9.1 Extraction of sediment or particulate matter samples by pressurized liquid
extraction (PLE) or Soxhlet
Place the filter (6.7(6.7)) or thimble (6.8(6.8)) and, if applicable, the sand (6.9(6.9)) in the extractor
according to the instructions for the extractor (PLE) (7.8(7.8)) or soxhletSoxhlet extractor (7.8(7.8).).
Transfer a suitable amount, e.g. 5 g of, of the pre--treated, dry sample into the prepared extractor cell.
Add a suitable amount of the internal standard working solution (6.4(6.4)) prepared from the internal
standard stock solutions (6.3(6.3)) to the sample and add 2 ml of the extraction solvent (6.1(6.1)) to avoid
losses of the internal standard. Add sand (6.9(6.9)) on the top.
Extract with n--heptane, or n--hexane (6.1or mixtures with acetone (6.1).).
AnThe extraction program inprograms for PLE and soxhlet areor Soxhlet given in Clauses A.1Clauses A.1
and A.3, respectively.
Make sure that exhaustive extraction is achieved.
A.3Extraction of BDE-209 requires specific attention and, sometimes, longer extraction times than for
other PBDE congeners. The solvent n-heptane allows for a complete extraction with an extraction
program given in Clauses A.1 and A.3 shall be applied.
Protect samples and extracts carefully from sunlight to avoid photodegradation of the PBDE, especially
BDE-209.
NOTE 1 Other extraction techniques, can be used after performing comparability exercise with PLE and the given
program or soxhletSoxhlet extraction.
Extraction of BDE-209 requires specific attention and, sometimes, longer extraction times than for other
PBDE congeners.
NOTE 2 Other extraction solvents, can be used after performing comparability exercise.
Concentrate the extract from the extractor gently (at a temperature of 40 °C) to 1 ml ± 0,5 ml using a
suitable evaporation device (7.9(7.9).).
9.2 Extraction of biota samples
9.2.1 PLE, Soxhlet- or Twisselmann -extraction
Place the filter (6.7(6.7)) or thimble (6.8(6.8)) and the sand (6.9(6.9)) in the extractor according to the
instructions for the extractor (PLE) or alternative extractor (7.8(7.8).). Transfer a suitable amount, 2 g to
5 g, of the dried biota sample, into the prepared extractor cell. Add the internal standard working solution
(6.4(6.4)) to the sample and add 2 ml of the extraction solvent to avoid losses of the internal standard.
Add sand on the top, if applicable. The internal standards can be added also after fat extraction, if an
appropriate validation of the quantitative extraction is given.
Extraction The extraction programs arefor PLE or Soxhlet given in Clauses A.2Clauses A.2 and A.4A.4.
Make sure that exhaustive extraction is achieved.
Extraction of BDE-209 requires specific attention and, sometimes, longer extraction times than other
PBDE congeners. The solvent n-heptane allows for a complete extraction with an extraction program
given in Clauses A.1 and A.3 shall be applied.
Protect samples and extracts carefully from sunlight to avoid photodegradation of the PBDE, especially
BDE-209.
NOTE 1 Other extraction techniques, likesuch as ultrasonic extraction, can be used after performing
comparability exercise with PLE and the given program or soxhletSoxhlet extraction.
Make sure that exhaustive extraction is achieved.
Extraction of BDE-209 requires specific attention and, sometimes, longer extraction times than other
PBDE congeners.
NOTE 2 Other extraction solvents, can be used after performing comparability exercise.
Concentrate the extract from the extractor gently (at a temperature of 40 °C) to 1 ml ± 0,5 ml using a
suitable evaporation device (7.9(7.9).).
9.2.2 Cold extraction alternative (Biotabiota)
This procedure describes a cold extraction of fat by means of dichloromethane/cyclohexane (a volume
fraction of 1:1) (6.1.4(6.1.4 and 6.1.56.1.5).).
A mixture of (30,0 ± 0,1) g of the wet sample, 70 g sodium sulfate (6.5(6.5),), 30 g glass granulate or as an
alternative sea sand (6.9(6.9)) and the internal standard solution (6.4(6.4)) are put in a mortar (7.4(7.4).).
The mixture is finely ground using the pestle to produce a powder. AboutApproximately 5 g of sodium
sulfate (6.5(6.5)) is filled into a chromatographic glass column (7.11(7.11)) sealed with a plug of silanised
glass wool (6.16(6.16).). Afterwards the finely ground sample powder is added to the column. Extract
with 350 ml of a dichloromethane/cyclohexane (a volume ratio of 1:1) mixture and collect the eluate in a
500 ml round bottom flask. This eluate is carefully concentrated by means of an evaporation device
(7.9(7.9)) at a temperature of (40 ± 5) °C.
Remove the solvent entirely.
10 Clean-up of sample extracts
Depending on the matrix and the concentration of PBDE in the samples, five different clean-up methods
for sediment samples (see Table 3Table 3)) and three methods for biota samples (see Table 4Table 4))
shall be selected, e.g. column chromatographic methods, or combined methods using GPC or avoiding
dichloromethane and toluene. One of the methods is identical to ISO 18635 for Short Chain
Polychlorinatedshort chain polychlorinated paraffins (SCCP) analysis in sediment and allows for
enhancement of laboratory efficiency.
Before applying the method, the elution volume shall be checked. The clean-up columns are always
prepared before solvent addition, hence do not prepare by the slurry technique.
10 © ISO 2024 – All rights reserved
ISO/DIS 22032:2025(en)
Table 3 — Clean-up methods for sediments and suspended particle matter
(see Annex BAnnex B))
Clean-up
Method 1 Method 2 Method 3 Method 4 Method 7
method
Low Low
concentration of concentration of
High Medium High
matrix matrix
concentration of concentration concentration of
Matrix constituents, constituents,
matrix of matrix matrix
characterisation e.g. sometimes e.g. sometimes
constituents, constituents, constituents,
in suspended in suspended
possibly PCB possibly PCB lipids, PCB
particulate particulate
matter matter
No use of
dichloromethan
Additional Use of Use of
= clean-up in
e and toluene
Information dichloromethane Use of toluene dichloromethan
ISO 18635
information and toluene e and toluene
No sulfur
removal
Column Column
chromatographic chromatographi
clean-up with c clean-up with
sulfur removal sulfur removal
using layers of using layers of
Clean-up step silica-sulfuric silica-sulfuric
acid and silica- acid and silica-
silver nitrate silver nitrate
(see (see
Clause B.1Clause Clause B.1Claus
B.1)) e B.1))
Column
chromatographi
c clean-up with
silica-sulfuric
acid in a small
Clean-up step
column
(see
Clause B.2Claus
e B.2))
Column
chromatographic
clean-up with
Alumina B Super
I (see
Clean-up step
Clause B.3Clause
B.3))
Use of
dichloromethane
Column
chromatograph
ic clean-up
Clean-up step
with Alumina
and activated
copper powder
(see
Clean-up
Method 1 Method 2 Method 3 Method 4 Method 7
method
Clause B.4Claus
e B.4))
Gel
chromatograph
Clean-up step ic clean-up (see
Clause B.5Claus
e B.5))
Biota
Automatedauto
mated clean up
Clean-up step
(see
Clause B.7Claus
e B.7))
NOTE For samples containing high amounts of sulfur: Gelgel permeation chromatography is more efficient for
sulfur removal than using copper powder.
Concentrate (7.9(7.9)) the final eluate carefully to a volume of about 0,5 ml to 1 ml and dry it with sodium
sulfate (6.5(6.5),), if necessary. For further concentration a keeper can be added to avoid evaporation to
dryness, e.g. 10 µl dodecane (6.1.6(6.1.6)) for a final volume of e.g. 100 µl. Transfer the extract to a GC-
vial (7.18(7.18).).
Table 4 — Clean-up methods for biota
Clean-up
Method 5 Method 6 Method 7
method
High concentration of
Matrix High concentration of matrix High concentration of matrix
matrix constituents, lipids,
characterisation constituents, lipids, PCB constituents, lipids, PCB
PCB
Additional Use of dichloromethane and
Use of dichloromethane No use of dichloromethane
information toluene
Column chromatographic Column chromatographic
clean-up by modified silica clean-up by modified silica –
Clean-up step
– big column (see big column (see
Clause B.6Clause B.6)) Clause B.6Clause B.6))
Column chromatographic
clean-up by alumina B
Super I (see
Clean-up step
Clause B.3Clause B.3)
)
Column chromatographic
clean-up with Alumina and
Clean-up step
activated copper powder
(see Clause B.4Clause B.4))
Gel chromatographic clean-
Clean-up step up (see Clause B.5Clause
B.5))
Biota automated clean up
Clean-up step
(see Clause B.7Clause B.7))
12 © ISO 2024 – All rights reserved
ISO/DIS 22032:2025(en)
Concentrate (7.9(7.9)) the final eluate carefully to a volume of about 0,5 ml to 1 ml and dry it with sodium
sulfate (6.5(6.5),), if necessary. For further concentration a keeper can be added to avoid evaporation to
dryness, e.g. 10 µl dodecane (6.1.6(6.1.6)) for a final volume of e.g. 100 µl. Transfer the extract to a GC-
vial (7.18(7.18).).
11 Measurement and integration of the chromatogram
Optimize the operating conditions of the GC--MS system (7.19(7.19 and 7.207.20)) according to the
manufacturer’s instructions. Examples of the gas chromatographic conditions are given in
Annex CAnnex C.
Prior to analysis, establish the operating conditions and verify the GC--MS system performance and the
calibration for all analytes and their internal standards by analysis of a calibration standard.
Add the injection standard (6.23(6.23)) to the final extract if applicable, and analyse the sample with
GC--MS.
Especially for the analysis of BDE--209, minimise the exposure time of the samples to high temperatures
during sample injection and separation stages, because of the thermal degradation of BDE--209 at
temperatures higher than 300 °C. Optimize the injection step, paying special attention to the peak height
of BDE--209.
The m/z transitions are examples for measured ions and integrated signals for quantification. It is also
possible to summarize more than one ion for quantification.
12 Calibration
12.1 General
See normative references for the generally applicable procedures to calibrate The calibration and to
quantitate concentrations of substancesquantification shall be performed in water analysis:accordance
with ISO 8466--1, ISO/TS 13530 or; the calibration and quantification in soil, treated biowaste and sludge
according to shall be performed in accordance with EN 16190.
The strategy of calibration of the measurement method using an internal standard (seeaccording to
ISO 8466--1) is selected. For that, matrix free calibration solutions with C-labelled internal standards
are used. Isotopic dilution analysis, as described in according to EN 16190 can be used for calibration and
quantification as well.
Use at minimum one C-labelled internal standard per degree of bromination.
Matrix effects will be corrected by addition of the internal standard solution to the sample prior to sample
preparation.
Further injection standards can be used to check the recovery rate of the internal standards.
Calibration and quantification in the linear range is recommended, although non-linear relationships
between concentration and response can be used according to ISO/TS 13530.
For appropriate working solutions, see 6.226.22.
12.2 Estimation of the linear range
Calibration working solutions should be used as described in Annex DAnnex D.
The estimation of the linear range isshall be performed by calculating and evaluating the point-to-point
slope. see in accordance with ISO 8466-1:2021, 5.3. After calculation of the section-wise slope of each two
consecutive measuring points, differences of slopes should be lower than 10 % of the median.
12.3 Calibration of the measuring method using an internal standard,
Use calibration working solutions described in Annex DAnnex D.
Modern software allows for calibration according to the equations in ISO 8466--1:2021, 6.4. The operator
may decide, if the calibration line should be forced through zero or not, depending on the significance of
intercept. The lowest calibration point shall be lower than or equal to the corresponding limit of
quantification in the solid sample.
12.4 Injection standard
An injection standard is also referred as a “syringe or volumetric or recovery standard”. It is a compound
of known chemical purity added to every sample, procedural blank or calibration standard at a known
c
...
PROJET FINAL
Norme
internationale
ISO/TC 147/SC 2
Qualité de l'eau — Dosage d'éthers
Secrétariat: DIN
diphényliques polybromés (PBDE)
Début de vote:
dans les sédiments, les matières en
2026-02-19
suspension (particules) et le biote
Vote clos le:
— Méthode par chromatographie
2026-04-16
en phase gazeuse couplée à la
spectrométrie de masse en tandem
(CG-SM/SM) ou à la spectrométrie
de masse haute résolution (CG-
SMHR)
Water quality — Determination of polybrominated diphenyl
ethers (PBDE) in sediment, suspended particulate matter and
biota — Method using gas chromatography coupled with tandem
mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) or with high resolution mass
spectrometry (GC-HRMS)
LES DESTINATAIRES DU PRÉSENT PROJET SONT
INVITÉS À PRÉSENTER, AVEC LEURS OBSERVATIONS,
NOTIFICATION DES DROITS DE PROPRIÉTÉ DONT ILS
AURAIENT ÉVENTUELLEMENT CONNAISSANCE ET À
FOURNIR UNE DOCUMENTATION EXPLICATIVE.
OUTRE LE FAIT D’ÊTRE EXAMINÉS POUR
ÉTABLIR S’ILS SONT ACCEPTABLES À DES FINS
INDUSTRIELLES, TECHNOLOGIQUES ET COM-MERCIALES,
AINSI QUE DU POINT DE VUE DES UTILISATEURS, LES
PROJETS DE NORMES
TRAITEMENT PARALLÈLE ISO/CEN
INTERNATIONALES DOIVENT PARFOIS ÊTRE CONSIDÉRÉS
DU POINT DE VUE DE LEUR POSSI BILITÉ DE DEVENIR DES
NORMES POUVANT
SERVIR DE RÉFÉRENCE DANS LA RÉGLEMENTATION
NATIONALE.
Numéro de référence
PROJET FINAL
Norme
internationale
ISO/TC 147/SC 2
Qualité de l'eau — Dosage d'éthers
Secrétariat: DIN
diphényliques polybromés (PBDE)
Début de vote:
dans les sédiments, les matières en
2026-02-19
suspension (particules) et le biote
Vote clos le:
— Méthode par chromatographie
2026-04-16
en phase gazeuse couplée à la
spectrométrie de masse en tandem
(CG-SM/SM) ou à la spectrométrie
de masse haute résolution (CG-
SMHR)
Water quality — Determination of polybrominated diphenyl
ethers (PBDE) in sediment, suspended particulate matter and
biota — Method using gas chromatography coupled with tandem
mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) or with high resolution mass
spectrometry (GC-HRMS)
LES DESTINATAIRES DU PRÉSENT PROJET SONT
INVITÉS À PRÉSENTER, AVEC LEURS OBSERVATIONS,
NOTIFICATION DES DROITS DE PROPRIÉTÉ DONT ILS
AURAIENT ÉVENTUELLEMENT CONNAISSANCE ET À
FOURNIR UNE DOCUMENTATION EXPLICATIVE.
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
OUTRE LE FAIT D’ÊTRE EXAMINÉS POUR
ÉTABLIR S’ILS SONT ACCEPTABLES À DES FINS
© ISO 2026 INDUSTRIELLES, TECHNOLOGIQUES ET COM-MERCIALES,
AINSI QUE DU POINT DE VUE DES UTILISATEURS, LES
Tous droits réservés. Sauf prescription différente ou nécessité dans le contexte de sa mise en œuvre, aucune partie de cette
PROJETS DE NORMES
TRAITEMENT PARALLÈLE ISO/CEN
INTERNATIONALES DOIVENT PARFOIS ÊTRE CONSIDÉRÉS
publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique,
DU POINT DE VUE DE LEUR POSSI BILITÉ DE DEVENIR DES
y compris la photocopie, ou la diffusion sur l’internet ou sur un intranet, sans autorisation écrite préalable. Une autorisation peut
NORMES POUVANT
être demandée à l’ISO à l’adresse ci-après ou au comité membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
SERVIR DE RÉFÉRENCE DANS LA RÉGLEMENTATION
NATIONALE.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Genève
Tél.: +41 22 749 01 11
E-mail: copyright@iso.org
Web: www.iso.org
Publié en Suisse Numéro de référence
ii
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
Introduction .v
1 Domaine d'application . 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Termes et définitions . 2
4 Principe. 2
5 Interférences . 3
6 Réactifs et étalons . 3
7 Appareillage . 6
8 Échantillonnage et pré-traitement de l'échantillon . 7
9 Mode opératoire . 8
9.1 Extraction d'échantillons de sédiments ou matières particulaires à l'aide d'une
extraction par fluide pressurisé (PLE) ou d'un extracteur Soxhlet .8
9.2 Extraction d'échantillons de biote .8
9.2.1 Extraction par PLE, Soxhlet ou Twisselmann .8
9.2.2 Alternative à l'extraction à froid (biote) .9
10 Purification des extraits d'échantillons . 9
11 Mesurage et intégration du chromatogramme .12
12 Étalonnage .12
12.1 Généralités . 12
12.2 Estimation du domaine linéaire . 12
12.3 Étalonnage de la méthode de mesure à l'aide d'un étalon interne . 12
12.4 Étalon d'injection . . . 13
13 Identification .13
14 Quantification .13
14.1 Quantification utilisant des étalons internes, y compris les contrôles qualité du taux de
récupération des étalons internes . 13
14.2 Essai de la validité de l'étalonnage . 13
15 Expression des résultats . 14
16 Rapport d'essai . 14
Annexe A (normative) Programmes pour l’extraction par fluide pressurisé .15
Annexe B (normative) Méthodes de purification . 17
Annexe C (informative) Conditions types de CG-SM et valeurs m/z pour l'identification et la
quantification .22
Annexe D (informative) Exemples de solutions de travail de linéarité et d'étalonnage .28
Annexe E (informative) Données de performance .29
Bibliographie .32
iii
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes nationaux
de normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général
confiée aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire
partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore étroitement avec
la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier, de prendre note des différents
critères d'approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document
a été rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2
(voir www.iso.org/directives).
L'ISO attire l'attention sur le fait que la mise en application du présent document peut entraîner l'utilisation
d'un ou de plusieurs brevets. L'ISO ne prend pas position quant à la preuve, à la validité et à l'applicabilité
de tout droit de propriété revendiqué à cet égard. À la date de publication du présent document, l'ISO
n'avait pas reçu notification qu'un ou plusieurs brevets pouvaient être nécessaires à sa mise en application.
Toutefois, il y a lieu d'avertir les responsables de la mise en application du présent document que des
informations plus récentes sont susceptibles de figurer dans la base de données de brevets, disponible à
l'adresse www.iso.org/brevets. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne pas avoir identifié de tels
droits de propriété et averti de leur existence.
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données pour
information, par souci de commodité, à l'intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un engagement.
Pour une explication de la nature volontaire des normes, la signification des termes et expressions
spécifiques de l'ISO liés à l'évaluation de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l'adhésion de
l'ISO aux principes de l'Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) concernant les obstacles techniques au
commerce (OTC), voir le lien suivant: www.iso.org/iso/fr/avant-propos.
Le présent document a été élaboré par le comité technique ISO/TC 147, Qualité de l'eau, sous-comité
SC 2, Méthodes physiques, chimiques et biochimiques, en collaboration avec le Comité européen de
normalisation (CEN), comité technique CEN/TC 230, Analyse de l'eau, conformément à l'Accord de coopération
technique entre l'ISO et le CEN (Accord de Vienne).
Cette deuxième édition annule et remplace la première édition (ISO 22032:2006), qui a fait l'objet d'une
révision technique.
Les principales modifications sont les suivantes:
— le domaine d'application a été développé pour inclure le biote;
— la GC-MS/MS a été incluse comme méthode de détection;
— une description d'un ensemble de purification avec des méthodes manuelles et automatisées pour les
sédiments, les matières particulaires en suspension et le biote a été incluse.
Il convient que l'utilisateur adresse tout retour d'information ou toute question concernant le présent
document à l'organisme national de normalisation de son pays. Une liste exhaustive desdits organismes se
trouve à l'adresse www.iso.org/fr/members.html.
iv
Introduction
Le présent document permet l'analyse des polybromodiphényléthers (PBDE) liée à la Directive 91/271/
CEE relative au traitement des eaux urbaines résiduaires, la Directive de l'Union européenne relative à la
collecte, au traitement et au rejet des eaux urbaines résiduaires ainsi qu'au traitement et au rejet des eaux
usées provenant de certains secteurs industriels.
v
PROJET FINAL Norme internationale ISO/FDIS 22032:2026(fr)
Qualité de l'eau — Dosage d'éthers diphényliques polybromés
(PBDE) dans les sédiments, les matières en suspension
(particules) et le biote — Méthode par chromatographie
en phase gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en
tandem (CG-SM/SM) ou à la spectrométrie de masse haute
résolution (CG-SMHR)
AVERTISSEMENT — Il convient que l'utilisateur du présent document connaisse bien les pratiques
courantes de laboratoire. Le présent document n'a pas pour but de traiter tous les problèmes de
sécurité qui sont, le cas échéant, liés à son utilisation. Il est de la responsabilité de l'utilisateur de
mettre en place des mesures de sécurité et d'hygiène appropriées.
IMPORTANT — Il est absolument essentiel que les essais effectués conformément au présent
document soient réalisés par du personnel ayant reçu une qualification appropriée.
1 Domaine d'application
Le présent document spécifie une méthode de détermination d'une sélection d'éthers diphényliques
polybromés (PBDE) (voir Figure 1 et Tableau 1) dans les sédiments, les matières particulaires en suspension
et le biote, par chromatographie en phase gazeuse ou spectrométrie de masse (GC-MS/MS ou GC-HRMS)
avec ionisation par impact électronique (EI), ionisation chimique négative (NCI) ou ionisation chimique à
pression atmosphérique (APCI).
La méthode s'applique aux échantillons de sédiments et de matière en suspension avec des limites de
quantification de 0,2 μg/kg masse sèche (ms) pour le diphényléther bromé (BDE) BDE-28 au BDE-183, et de
2 μg/kg masse sèche (ms) pour le BDE-209.
La méthode est également applicable avec des limites de quantification (LQ) inférieures, si des méthodes de
purification spécifiques, décrites à l'Article 10, Tableau 3, méthode 1 et méthode 2 en combinaison avec des
méthodes de mesure GC-MS/MS ou GC-HRMS après ionisation par impact électronique (EI) ou ionisation
chimique négative (NCI) pour le BDE-209 sont utilisées. Selon la capacité d'analyse de l'instrument, les
limites de quantification jusqu'à 0,003 μg/kg dm pour le BDE-28 à BDE-154 et 0,02 μg/kg ms pour le BDE-
183 et 1 μg/kg ms pour le BDE-209 et inférieure sont possibles.
La méthode s'applique aux échantillons de biote dont les limites de quantification vont jusqu'à 0,000 2 μg/
kg masse fraîche (fm) (BDE-28 à BDE-154) et 0,03 μg/kg masse fraîche (BDE-183), si des méthodes de
purification spécifiques, décrites dans le Tableau 4 en combinaison avec des méthodes de mesure GC-MS/MS
ou GC-HRMS après ionisation par impact électronique (EI) sont utilisées.
Des données de performance sont listées dans l'Annexe E.
2 Références normatives
Les documents suivants sont cités dans le texte de sorte qu'ils constituent, pour tout ou partie de leur
contenu, des exigences du présent document. Pour les références datées, seule l'édition citée s'applique. Pour
les références non datées, la dernière édition du document de référence s'applique (y compris les éventuels
amendements).
ISO 8466-1:2021, Qualité de l'eau — Étalonnage et évaluation des méthodes d'analyse — Partie 1: Fonction
linéaire d'étalonnage
ISO/TS 13530, Qualité de l'eau — Lignes directrices pour le contrôle de qualité analytique pour l'analyse
chimique et physicochimique de l'eau
EN 16190, Sols, bio-déchets traités et boues — Dosage des dioxines et furanes et polychlorobiphényles de type
dioxine par chromatographie en phase gazeuse avec spectrométrie de masse à haute résolution (HR CG-SM)
3 Termes et définitions
Aucun terme n'est défini dans le présent document.
L'ISO et l'IEC tiennent à jour des bases de données terminologiques destinées à être utilisées en normalisation,
consultables aux adresses suivantes:
— ISO Online browsing platform: disponible à l'adresse https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: disponible à l'adresse https://www.electropedia.org/
4 Principe
Les éthers diphényliques bromés sont extraits de l'échantillon séché (sédiments, matière en suspension,
biote) à l'aide de solvants organiques.
Figure 1 — Structure générale des éthers diphényliques polybromés
Tableau 1 — Congénères de PBDE déterminés par cette méthode
a b
N° Congénère Formule Abréviation Numéro CAS Masse
molaire
g/mol
1 2,4,4'-Tétrabromodiphényléther C H Br O BDE-28 41318-75-6 406,9
12 7 3
2 2,2',4,4'-Tétrabromodiphényléther C H Br O BDE-47 5436-43-1 485,8
12 6 4
3 2,2',4,4',5-Pentabromodiphényléther C H Br O BDE-99 60348-60-9 564,7
12 5 5
4 2,2',4,4',6-Pentabromodiphényléther C H Br O BDE-100 189084-64-8 564,7
12 5 5
5 2,2',4,4',5,5'-Hexabromodiphényléther C H Br O BDE-153 68631-49-2 643,6
12 4 6
6 2,2',4,4',5,6'-Hexabromodiphényléther C H Br O BDE-154 207122-15-4 643,6
12 4 6
7 2,2',3,4,4',5',6-Heptabromodiphényléther C H Br O BDE-183 207122-16-5 722,5
12 3 7
8 Décabromodiphényléther C Br O BDE-209 1163-19-5 959,2
12 10
a
Numérotation analogue à la nomenclature IUPAC pour les polychlorodiphényléthers PCB.
b
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number® est une marque déposée de l'American Chemical Society (ACS).
Cette information est donnée à l'intention des utilisateurs du présent document et ne signifie nullement que l'ISO approuve ou
recommande l'emploi exclusif du produit ainsi désigné. Des produits équivalents peuvent être utilisés s'il est démontré qu'ils
aboutissent aux mêmes résultats.
La purification de l'extrait est effectuée par différents protocoles, comme spécifié dans le présent document.
Selon la matrice et la concentration en PBDE dans les échantillons, cinq méthodes de purification différentes
pour les échantillons de sédiments et trois méthodes pour les échantillons de biote peuvent être choisies,
par exemple la chromatographie sur colonne ou la chromatographie par perméation de gel. Des options sont
disponibles pour éviter le dichlorométhane et le toluène lors de la purification.
Après la purification et la concentration, la séparation des éthers diphényliques bromés est effectuée par
chromatographie en phase gazeuse sur colonne capillaire. Pour la détection, différents types d'équipements
de CG-SM peuvent être utilisés, soit par spectrométrie de masse en mode de réaction multiple, soit par
spectrométrie de masse haute résolution, avec différentes techniques d'ionisation telles que l'ionisation
par impact électronique (EI), l'ionisation chimique négative (NCI) ou l'ionisation chimique à pression
atmosphérique (APCI).
Pour déterminer la concentration de la substance recherchée dans l'échantillon, la technique de l'étalon
interne est utilisée.
5 Interférences
Les interférences non spécifiques à la matrice ou provenant d’autres contaminants environnementales sont
prises en compte par l’étape de purification décrite.
Les sources de contamination des échantillons peuvent être les suivantes: éthers diphényliques bromés
utilisés comme ignifugeants ou à d'autres fins dans les polymères organiques, les bouchons de flacons,
les raccords de pipettes Pasteur, le papier recyclé, et qui sont potentiellement transportés aussi par les
poussières aériennes. Par conséquent, tout contact entre les échantillons, les réactifs ou tout matériau utilisé
et ces polymères organiques doit être évité.
Le PCB-180 peut interférer avec le BDE-47 si une colonne courte est utilisée. L'application de la détection par
SM/SM ainsi que l'évitement de la masse m/z 323,87 dans la détection par GC-HRMS permettent de séparer
les composés par spectrométrie de masse.
Des interférences avec d'autres substances chlorées peuvent se produire si la séparation chromatographique
n'est pas suffisante, comme décrit à la Référence [13]:
— BDE-47 à m/z 323,878 5 avec de l'heptachlorobiphényle à m/z 323,864 7 tel que le PCB-180;
— BDE-100 et BDE-99 à m/z 403,787 0 avec de l'octachloronaphtalène à m/z 403 745 0;
— BDE-100 et BDE-99 à m/z 405,784 9 avec de l'heptachlorodibenzofurane à m/z 405,784 7.
La détection par SM/SM aux valeurs m/z optionnelles (voir Tableau C.1) peut résoudre le problème. Par
conséquent, une évaluation minutieuse de l'instrumentation, des masses et des transitions de masses
utilisées dans la SM doit être effectuée.
D'autres interférences avec des congénères BDE non énumérées dans le présent document, ainsi qu'avec
d'autres composés bromés, peuvent être observées dans la référence [14]. Des coélutions peuvent se produire
en particulier lorsqu'on utilise des colonnes courtes et des programmes de four courts. Ces interférences
potentielles dépendant de la colonne analytique sont:
— BDE-16, BDE-33 interférant avec le BDE-28;
— BDE-184, BDE-182 et BDE-175 interférant avec le BDE-183.
Il convient de remédier à toutes les interférences par une séparation chromatographique suffisante.
6 Réactifs et étalons
Utiliser uniquement des réactifs et des matériaux ayant des concentrations négligeables en éthers
diphényliques bromés, et vérifier cela dans chaque série d'analyses en effectuant des essais à blanc sur
l'ensemble du mode opératoire. Le blanc sur l'ensemble du mode opératoire doit être inférieur à la limite
de détection rapportée (voir la définition de la limite de détection dans l'ISO/TS 13530). Si nécessaire, les
traces de PBDE dans les matériaux solides peuvent être réduites par chauffage à 400 °C.
6.1 Solvants pour l'extraction, la préparation des solutions mères et la purification.
6.1.1 n-Heptane, C H
7 16
6.1.2 Toluène, C H
7 8
6.1.3 Acétone (2-propanone), C H O.
3 6
6.1.4 Dichlorométhane, CH Cl
2 2
6.1.5 Cyclohexane, C H
6 12
6.1.6 Dodécane, C H pour la purification automatisée ou afin d'éviter les pertes par entraînement.
12 26,
6.1.7 n-Hexane, C H
6 14
6.1.8 Éthanol, C H
2 6
6.1.9 Acétate d'éthyle, C H O
4 8 2
6.2 Solutions mères de référence.
Voir le Tableau 1. Des solutions des substances de référence sont disponibles dans le commerce.
Stocker les solutions préparées au réfrigérateur à (5 ± 3) °C, ou selon les indications du fabricant.
6.3 Solutions mères d’étalon interne.
Des solutions de substances de référence marquées au carbone 13 à utiliser comme étalons internes sont
disponibles dans le commerce.
Stocker les solutions préparées au réfrigérateur à (5 ± 3) °C, ou selon les indications du fabricant.
Voir le Tableau 2.
Tableau 2 — Liste des étalons internes étiquetés C
Non Nom Formule Abréviation Masse molaire
g/mol
13 13 13
1 2,4,4'-Tribromo[ C ]diphényléther C H Br O C-BDE-28 418,8
12 12 7 3
13 13 13
2 2,2',4,4'-Tétrabromo[ C ]diphényléther C H Br O C-BDE-47 497,7
12 12 6 4
13 13 13
3 2,2',4,4',5-Pentabromo[ C ]diphényléther C H Br O C-BDE-99 576,6
12 12 5 5
13 13 13
4 2,2',4,4',6-Pentabromo[ C ]diphényléther C H Br O C-BDE-100 576,6
12 12 5 5
13 13 13
5 2,2',4,4',5,5'-Hexabromo[ C ]diphényléther C H Br O C-BDE-153 655,5
12 12 4 6
13 13 13
6 2,2',4,4',5,6'-Hexabromo[ C ]diphényléther C H Br O C-BDE-154 655,5
12 12 4 6
13 13 13
7 2,2',3,4,4',5',6-Heptabromo[ C ]diphényléther C H Br O C-BDE-183 734,4
12 12 3 7
13 13 13
8 Décabromo[ C ]diphényléther C Br O C-BDE-209 971,1
12 12 10
6.4 Solutions de travail des étalons internes pour l'étalonnage et l'ajout aux échantillons, voir Annexe D.
6.5 Sulfate de sodium, Na SO , anhydre en poudre chauffé au four (7.5) pendant 4 heures à 400 °C.
2 4
6.6 Eau, sans blanc et sans potentielles interférences.
6.7 Filtres d'extraction, par exemple cellulose pour extracteur par fluide pressurisé.
6.8 Cartouches d'extraction Soxhlet, (par exemple 27 mm x 100 mm) (pré-purifiées).
6.9 Sable (sans blanc), par exemple sable d'Ottawa ou sable marin utilisé pour l'analyse à blanc sur
l'ensemble du mode opératoire et comme remplissage des cellules d'extraction, alternative: granulat de
verre.
6.10 Alumine basique, (Al O ), activité Super I, granulométrie comprise entre 0,063 mm et 0,2 mm, pH 10
2 3
(100 g/l, H2O, 20 °C) (dans la barbotine) masse volumique de 3,94 g/cm3, par exemple MP Alumine B – Super
1)
I pour Analyse de dioxine1344-28-1 (mpbio.com), éviter un stockage long et tout contact avec l'humidité de
l'air.
6.11 Alumine basique, (Al O ), activité I, granulométrie comprise entre 0,063 mm et 0,2 mm, pH compris
2 3
entre 8,5 et 10,5 (100 g/l, H2O, 20 °C) (dans la barbotine) masse volumique de 4 g/cm , (20 °C), taille de pore
de 9 nm, éviter un stockage long et tout contact avec l'humidité de l'air.
6.12 Silice 60, (70 à 230 mesh).
6.13 Nitrate d'argent, (AgNO ).
6.14 Acide sulfurique, H SO , 95 % à 97 %.
2 4
6.15 Acide chlorhydrique, HCl, 2 mol/l.
6.16 Matériel de fixation des matériaux adsorbants dans les colonnes de purification, par exemple,
laine de quartz ou laine de verre, laine de verre silanisée.
6.17 Poudre de cuivre, granulométrie < 63 µm.
6.18 Silice/acide sulfurique.
Ajouter goutte à goutte 44 g d'acide sulfurique (6.14) à 56 g de silice (6.12). Par la suite, agiter pendant
30 min. Stocker hermétiquement dans des flacons en verre ambré. Le mélange reste stable pendant au moins
1 mois.
6.19 Silice/Nitrate d'argent.
Dissoudre 10 g d'AgNO (6.13) dans 40 ml d'eau (6.6), ajouter la solution pas à pas à 90 g de silice (6.12)
et agiter, activer à 125 °C pendant 5 heures. Stocker hermétiquement dans des flacons en verre ambré. Le
mélange reste stable pendant au moins 1 mois.
6.20 Gaz de laboratoire, pour GC-MS, de haute pureté et conformes aux spécifications du fabricant.
6.21 Azote, N , destiné à la concentration des extraits.
6.22 Solutions de travail de linéarité et d'étalonnage.
En tenant compte de la gamme de travail et de la quantité d'échantillon, préparer des solutions d'étalonnage
à l'aide de seringues (7.17) avec le point le plus bas correspondant à la LQ de la méthode (exemple donné à
l'Annexe D). Il convient que la concentration de l'étalon interne soit comprise entre le niveau moyen et le
niveau supérieur de la plage d'étalonnage (exemple donné à l'Annexe D).
6.23 Étalons d'injection.
1) Ces informations sont fournies pour la commodité des utilisateurs du présent document et ne constituent pas
une approbation par l'ISO du produit nommé. Des produits équivalents peuvent être utilisés s'il est démontré qu'ils
aboutissent aux mêmes résultats.
Les étalons d'injection marqués au carbone 13 suivants sont disponibles dans le commerce et ont prouvé
leur applicabilité:
13 13
— 3,3',4,4'-Tetrabromo( C )diphényléther ( C-BDE-77);
13 13
— 3,3',4,5'-Tetrabromo( C )diphényléther ( C-BDE-79);
13 13
— 2,3’,4,4’,5-Pentabromo( C )diphényléther ( C-BDE-118);
13 13
— 2,2',3,4,4',5-Hexabromo( C )diphényléther ( C-BDE-137);
13 13
— 2,2',3,4,4',5’-Hexabromo( C )diphényléther ( C-BDE-138);
13 13
— 2,2',3,4,4',6-Hexabromo( C )diphényléther ( C-BDE-139);
13 13
— 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'-Heptabromo( C )diphényléther ( C-BDE-180);
13 13
— 2,3,3',4,4',5,6-Heptabromo( C )diphényléther ( C-BDE-190);
13 13
— 2,2',3,4,4',5,5',6-Octabromo( C )diphényléther ( C-BDE-203);
13 13
— 2,3,3',4,4',5,5',6-Octabromo( C )diphényléther ( C-BDE-205);
13 13
— 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6-Nonabromo( C )diphényléther ( C-BDE-206).
Utiliser des solutions disponibles dans le commerce (6.2, 6.3) (par exemple dans du nonane, du toluène
ou de l'iso-octane) ou préparer des solutions mères, par exemple par dissolution de 10 mg de chacune des
substances de référence dans du n-heptane (6.1.1) dans une fiole jaugée ambrée de 10 ml 7.15, puis ajuster le
volume (concentration: 1 mg/ml).
Des exemples de solutions de travail d'étalonnage sont donnés à l'Annexe D. Pour établir la linéarité, utiliser
au moins six niveaux de concentration.
Les solutions peuvent être stockées dans un réfrigérateur à (5 ± 3) °C à l'abri de la lumière pendant au moins
1 an. Vérifier la concentration des solutions d'étalonnage par rapport à un étalon préparé indépendamment
avant utilisation.
7 Appareillage
Nettoyer au moins toute la verrerie en la rinçant à l'acétone (2-propanone) (6.1.3).
7.1 Flacon à col large, d'une capacité de 1 000 ml à 5 000 ml pour les sédiments humides, les matières
particulaires ou le biote.
7.2 Lyophilisateur.
7.3 Congélateur.
7.4 Mortier et pilon, ou broyeur.
7.5 Étuves, permettant de maintenir des températures dans la plage de 100 °C à 400 °C, pour chauffer
les matériaux de purification, pour chauffer la verrerie et pour déterminer la teneur en matière sèche des
échantillons.
7.6 Tamis vibrant ayant une ouverture de mailles appropriée, 2 mm.
7.7 Dessiccateur.
7.8 Extracteur par fluide pressurisé (PLE) et matériaux de filtre adaptés au dispositif,
alternativement extracteur Soxhlet, composé de ballons à fond rond (par exemple de 250 ml), extracteurs
Soxhlet et cartouches d’extraction Soxhlet (par exemple de 27 mm × 100 mm) voir 6.8, réfrigérants verticaux
(par exemple de 300 mm) et appareil de chauffage ou système d'extraction Twisselmann.
7.9 Évaporateur, par exemple évaporateur rotatif ou dispositif de concentration avec des gaz appropriés
6.21.
7.10 Système automatique de traitement des échantillons, par exemple DexTech/DexTech Plus de LC-
2)
Tech, MiuraTM GO-2HT(Miura Co. Ltd).
7.11 Petites colonnes en verre pour purification chromatographique, diamètre intérieur de 1 cm,
environ 12 mm x 140 mm avec un robinet.
7.12 Grandes colonnes en verre pour purification chromatographique, diamètre intérieur inférieur à
2 cm, environ 25 mm x150 mm avec un robinet.
7.13 Colonnes prêtes à l'emploi pour purification automatisée: par exemple LC-Tech ou un
système Miura: voir l'Article B.7.
7.14 Système de purification par chromatographie par perméation de gel (GPC) (de conception
modulaire), pompe, injecteur d'échantillon, support pour échantillons: collecteur de fractions, colonne: par
exemple Ashahipak GF 310 HQ 7,5 mm × 300 mm, granulométrie de 5 µm.
7.15 Fioles jaugées, 1 ml, 2 ml, 10 ml et 25 ml, de préférence en verre ambré.
7.16 Pipettes Pasteur, par exemple 2 ml.
7.17 Microseringues, 2 µl, 5 µl, 10 µl et 50 µl ayant une précision volumétrique de ±2 %.
7.18 Flacons à échantillons de CG, de 2 ml par exemple, un flacon en verre ambré avec un microinsert et
un bouchon à vis revêtu de polymère fluoré conviennent très bien.
7.19 Chromatographe en phase gazeuse, avec gaz de fonctionnement 6.20 avec un injecteur de type à
débit non divisé («splitless») ou un injecteur de type à température programmable, couplé à un spectromètre
de masse en tandem (CG-SM/SM) ou à un GC-SMHR avec ionisation par impact électronique ou ionisation
chimique et avec les gaz réactifs appropriés (par exemple CH ) ou par ionisation chimique à pression
atmosphérique.
7.20 Colonne analytique, une colonne de silice fondue avec phase séparatrice non polaire, à faible traînée
(voir des exemples dans l'Annexe C), par exemple de diamètre intérieur < 0,25 mm, de longueur de 15 m et de
0,1 µm de film d'épaisseur est recommandé.
8 Échantillonnage et pré-traitement de l'échantillon
Prélever des échantillons, voir par exemple l'ISO 5667-12, l'ISO 5667-13 ou l'ISO 5667-17 et les introduire
dans un flacon (7.1). Conserver et transporter à l'abri de la lumière à environ 4 °C. Pré-traiter les échantillons
immédiatement au laboratoire par homogénéisation et lyophilisation (7.2), ou bien les mélanger avec du
sulfate de sodium (6.5). Si un pré-traitement immédiat n'est pas possible, les échantillons peuvent être
congelés (7.3) et stockés dans un congélateur à une température inférieure à −15 °C. Désagglomérer les
2) DexTech/DexTech Plus de LC-Tech et MiuraTM GO-GO-2HT(Miura Co. Ltd) sont des systèmes automatiques de
traitement des échantillons. Cette information est donnée à l'intention des utilisateurs du présent document et ne signifie
nullement que l'ISO approuve ou recommande l'emploi exclusif des systèmes automatiques de traitement des échantillons.
Des systèmes équivalents peuvent être utilisés s'il est démontré qu'ils peuvent conduire aux mêmes résultats
échantillons séchés à l'aide d’un instrument, par exemple (7.4), et les tamiser à l'aide d'un dispositif (7.6), en
fonction de l'analyse.
Pré-traiter les échantillons de biote, par exemple selon l'EN 14011, l'EN 14757, l'EN 16150, l'EN 17218,
l'ISO 10870 ou l'EN 13946 immédiatement avant ou après l'homogénéisation par lyophilisation. Lyophiliser
pour retirer l'eau et augmenter la surface en vue de l’extraction.
Stocker les échantillons séchés protégés contre l'humidité de l'air, par exemple dans un dessiccateur (7.7).
9 Mode opératoire
9.1 Extraction d'échantillons de sédiments ou matières particulaires à l'aide d'une
extraction par fluide pressurisé (PLE) ou d'un extracteur Soxhlet
Placer le filtre (6.7) ou la cartouche (6.8) et, le cas échéant, le sable (6.9) dans l'extracteur conformément aux
instructions pour l'extracteur (PLE) (7.8) ou l'extracteur Soxhlet (7.8). Transférer une quantité appropriée,
par exemple 5 g de l'échantillon sec pré-traité dans la cellule préparée de l’extracteur. Ajouter une quantité
appropriée de la solution de travail d’étalon interne (6.4) préparée à partir des solutions mères d’étalon
interne (6.3) à l'échantillon et ajouter 2 ml du solvant d'extraction (6.1) afin d'éviter toute perte de l'étalon
interne. Ajouter du sable (6.9) sur le dessus.
Extrait avec du n-heptane ou du n -hexane (6.1).
Les programmes d'extraction PLE ou Soxhlet donnés aux Articles A.1 et A.3 doivent être appliqués.
Bien protéger les échantillons et les extraits de la lumière du soleil pour éviter toute photodégradation des
PBDE, particulièrement le BDE-209.
NOTE 1 D'autres techniques d'extraction peuvent être utilisées après avoir effectué un exercice de comparabilité
avec l'extraction PLE et suivant le programme décrit ou l'extraction Soxhlet.
L'extraction du BDE-209 requiert une attention particulière et, parfois, des durées d'extraction plus longues
que pour d'autres PBDE.
NOTE 2 D'autres solvants d'extraction peuvent être utilisés après un exercice de comparabilité.
Concentrer précautionneusement (à une température de 40 °C) l’extrait issu de l’extracteur jusqu’à
1 ml ± 0,5 ml, à l’aide d’un évaporateur approprié (7.9).
9.2 Extraction d'échantillons de biote
9.2.1 Extraction par PLE, Soxhlet ou Twisselmann
Placer le filtre (6.7) ou la cartouche (6.8) et le sable (6.9) dans l'extracteur conformément aux instructions,
pour l'extracteur (PLE) ou l'autre extracteur (7.8). Transférer une quantité appropriée, comprise entre 2 g
et 5 g, de l'échantillon de biote séché, dans la cellule préparée de l’extracteur. Ajouter la solution de travail
d’étalon interne (6.4) à l'échantillon et ajouter 2 ml du solvant d'extraction afin d'éviter toute perte de l'étalon
interne. Ajouter du sable sur le dessus, le cas échéant. Les étalons internes peuvent être ajoutés également
après l'extraction des graisses, si une validation appropriée de l'extraction quantitative est montrée.
Les programmes d'extraction PLE ou Soxhlet donnés aux Articles A.2 et A.4 doivent être appliqués.
Bien protéger les échantillons et les extraits de la lumière du soleil pour éviter toute photodégradation des
PBDE, particulièrement le BDE-209.
NOTE 1 D'autres techniques d'extraction, telles que l'extraction aux ultrasons peuvent être utilisées après avoir
effectué un exercice de comparabilité avec l'extraction PLE et suivant le programme décrit ou l'extraction Soxhlet.
S'assurer que l'extraction est réalisée de manière exhaustive.
L'extraction du BDE-209 requiert une attention particulière et, parfois, des durées d'extraction plus longues
que pour d'autres PBDE.
NOTE 2 D'autres solvants d'extraction peuvent être utilisés après un exercice de comparabilité.
Concentrer précautionneusement (à une température de 40 °C) l’extrait issu de l’extracteur jusqu’à
1 ml ± 0,5 ml, à l’aide d’un évaporateur approprié (7.9).
9.2.2 Alternative à l'extraction à froid (biote)
Ce mode opératoire décrit une extraction à froid de la graisse au moyen d’un mélange dichlorométhane/
cyclohexane (rapport volumique de 1:1) (6.1.4 et 6.1.5).
Un mélange de (30,0 ± 0,1) g de l'échantillon humide, 70 g de sulfate de sodium (6.5), 30 g de granulats de
verre ou de sable marin (6.9) et la solution d’étalon interne (6.4) sont mis dans un mortier (7.4). Le mélange
est finement broyé à l'aide du pilon pour produire une poudre. Environ 5 g de sulfate de sodium (6.5) est
ajouté dans une colonne de verre chromatographique (7.11) scellée par un bouchon de laine de verre silanisée
(6.16). Ensuite, la poudre d'échantillon finement broyée est ajoutée dans la colonne. Effectuer l'extraction
avec 350 ml d'un mélange dichlorométhane/cyclohexane (rapport volumique de 1:1) et recueillir l'éluat dans
un ballon à fond rond de 500 ml. Cet éluat est soigneusement concentré au moyen d'un évaporateur(7.9) à
une température de (40 ± 5) °C.
Éliminer entièrement le solvant.
10 Purification des extraits d'échantillons
Selon la matrice et la concentration de PBDE dans les échantillons, cinq méthodes de purification différentes
pour les échantillons de sédiments (voir Tableau 3) et trois méthodes pour les échantillons de biote (voir
Tableau 4) doivent être sélectionnées, par exemple les méthodes chromatographiques à colonnes, ou les
méthodes combinées utilisant la CPG et évitant le dichlorométhane et le toluène. L'un des protocoles est
identique à l'ISO 18635 pour l'analyse des paraffines chlorées à chaîne courte (SCCP) dans les sédiments et
permet ainsi d'augmenter l'efficacité du laboratoire.
Avant d'appliquer la méthode, le volume d'élution doit être vérifié. Les colonnes de purification sont toujours
préparées avant l'ajout du solvant. Par conséquent, il ne faut pas les préparer avec la technique de mise en
suspension.
Tableau 3 — Méthodes de purification des sédiments et de la matière particulaire en suspension
(voir l'Annexe B)
Méthode de puri-
Méthode 1 Méthode 2 Méthode 3 Méthode 4 Méthode 7
fication
Faible concentra- Faible concentra-
tion de consti- tion de consti-
Concentra- Concentration Concentra-
tuants de la tuants de la
tion élevée des moyenne des tion élevée de
Caractérisation matrice, parfois matrice, parfois
constituants de la constituants de constituants de
de la matrice dans des matières dans des matières
matrice, éventuel- la matrice, éven- la matrice, de
particulaires en particulaires en
lement PCB tuellement PCB lipides, de PCB
suspension, par suspension, par
exemple exemple
Pas d'utilisation
de dichloro-
Utilisation de Utilisation de
méthane et de
Informations = purification Utilisation de
dichlorométhane dichlorométhane
toluène
complémentaires dans l'ISO 18635 toluène
et de toluène et de toluène
Pas d'élimination
du soufre
Purification par Purification par
chromatographie chromatographie
sur colonne avec sur colonne avec
élimination du élimination du
Étape de purifica- soufre à l'aide de soufre à l'aide de
tion couches d'acide couches d'acide
sulfurique silicique sulfurique sili-
et de nitrate cique et de nitrate
d'argent de silice d'argent de silice
(voir l'Article B.1.) (voir l'Article B.1.)
Purification par
chromatographie
sur colonne à
Étape de purifica- l'aide d'acide sili-
tion cique-sulfurique
dans une petite
colonne (voir
l'Article B.2)
Purification par
chromatographie
sur colonne à l'aide
Étape de purifica-
d'alumine B Super I
tion
(voir l'Article B.3)
Utilisation de
dichlorométhane
TTabableleaauu 3 3 ((ssuuiitte)e)
Méthode de puri-
Méthode 1 Méthode 2 Méthode 3 Méthode 4 Méthode 7
fication
Purification
par chroma-
tographie sur
Étape de purifica- colonne à l'aide
tion d'alumine et de
poudre de cuivre
active (voir
l'Article B.4.)
Purification par
chromatogra-
Étape de purifica-
phie d'exclusion
tion
stérique (voir
l'Article B.5)
Purification
Étape de purifica- automatisée du
tion biote, voir (voir
l'Article B.7)
NOTE Pour les échantillons contenant des quantités élevées de soufre: la chromatographie par perméation de gel
est plus efficace que l'utilisation de poudre de cuivre pour éliminer le soufre.
Concentrer (7.9) soigneusement l'éluat final à un volume compris entre environ 0,5 ml et 1 ml et le sécher avec
du sulfate de sodium (6.5), si nécessaire. Pour une concentration complémentaire, un dispositif permettant
d'éviter les pertes par entraînement peut être ajouté pour éviter l'évaporation jusqu'à siccité, par exemple
10 μl de dodécane (6.1.6) pour un volume final de 100 μl, par exemple. Transférer l'extrait dans un flacon
pour CG (7.18).
Tableau 4 — Méthodes de purification du biote
Méthode de purifi-
Méthode 5 Méthode 6 Méthode 7
cation
Concentration élevée de Concentration élevée de Concentration élevée de
Caractérisation
constituants de la matrice, de constituants de la matrice, de constituants de la
...












Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.
Loading comments...