IEC 62872-2:2022

IEC 62872-2 ®
Edition 1.0 2022-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Industrial-process measurement, control and automation –
Part 2: Internet of Things (IoT) – Application framework for industrial facility
demand response energy management

Mesure, commande et automatisation dans les processus industriels –
Partie 2: Internet des objets (IdO) – Cadre d'application pour la gestion d'énergie
de la réponse à la demande des installations industrielles

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IEC 62872-2 ®
Edition 1.0 2022-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Industrial-process measurement, control and automation –

Part 2: Internet of Things (IoT) – Application framework for industrial facility

demand response energy management

Mesure, commande et automatisation dans les processus industriels –

Partie 2: Internet des objets (IdO) – Cadre d'application pour la gestion d'énergie

de la réponse à la demande des installations industrielles

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 27.015; 35.020 ISBN 978-2-8322-1073-1

– 2 – IEC 62872-2:2022 © IEC 2022
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope . 9
2 Normative references . 9
3 Terms and definitions . 9
3.1 General . 10
3.2 Models in automation . 11
3.3 Models in energy management system and smart grid . 12
4 Abbreviated terms and acronyms . 16
5 Motivation . 18
6 General approach for grid management of DR . 19
6.1 General . 19
6.2 Price-based demand response in industrial energy management . 21
7 IoT application framework for industrial facility demand response energy
management. 21
7.1 Framework description . 21
7.2 System elements descriptions . 23
7.2.1 General . 23
7.2.2 Utility power station . 23
7.2.3 Energy management system (EMS) . 23
7.2.4 Energy management agent (EMA) . 24
7.2.5 Monitoring and control system (MCS) . 24
7.2.6 ESS energy manager (ESS EM) . 24
7.2.7 ESS load . 24
7.2.8 ESS generator . 24
7.2.9 EGS energy manager (EGS EM) . 24
7.2.10 EGS generator . 24
7.2.11 Feed product . 24
7.2.12 Intermediate product . 24
7.2.13 Final product . 24
7.3 Functional components description . 24
7.4 IoT application framework mapped to IoT reference architecture . 25
7.5 The physical entity domain (PED) . 26
7.6 The sensing & controlling domain (SCD) . 26
7.7 The resource access & interchange domain (RAID) . 27
7.8 The application & service domain (ASD) . 27
7.9 The operation & management domain (OMD). 27
7.10 The user domain (UD) . 28
8 Use cases of functional components . 28
8.1 General . 28
8.2 Actor names and roles . 28
8.3 Use case descriptions . 29
8.3.1 Use case for functional component 1: Determine energy/demand price
information . 29
8.3.2 Use case for functional component 2: Determine DR parameters . 30
8.3.3 Use case for functional component 3: Manage the operation point of
each time interval to minimize energy consumptions . 31

8.3.4 Use case for functional component 4: Determine the utilization of ESS . 32
8.3.5 Use case for functional component 5: Determine the utilization of EGS . 33
8.3.6 Use case for functional component 6: Measure equipment power
consumption . 34
8.3.7 Use case for functional component 7: Measure the whole energy

consumption in a facility . 35
9 IoT protocols . 36
9.1 General . 36
9.2 Communication stack layers . 36
9.2.1 General . 36
9.2.2 Physical layer . 37
9.2.3 Data link layer . 37
9.2.4 Network layer . 37
9.2.5 Transport layer . 38
9.2.6 Application layer . 38
9.3 Information model . 38
9.4 Services . 39
9.4.1 General . 39
9.4.2 Web service . 39
9.4.3 Service discovery . 40
10 Communication requirements of the application framework . 40
10.1 General . 40
10.2 Service-related requirement . 41
10.3 Quality of service (QoS) requirement . 41
10.4 Bandwidth requirement . 42
10.5 Security requirement . 42
Annex A (informative) Facility smart grid information model (FSGIM) . 43
A.1 General . 43
A.2 Applying the FSGIM in the application framework for industrial FDREM . 43
A.2.1 Conceptual Model of Smart Grid . 43
A.2.2 Common industrial information model in an industrial facility . 43
A.2.3 Applying the FSGIM and communication protocols . 46
Annex B (informative) State task network (STN) model for DR in industrial facilities . 48
B.1 General . 48
B.2 STN model for DR in industrial facilities . 48
B.2.1 General . 48
B.2.2 Model architecture . 48
Bibliography . 52

Figure 1 – General approach common today for grid management of DR . 19
Figure 2 – IoT application framework for FDREM . 22
Figure 3 – Model elements defined for the IoT application framework [20] . 23
Figure 4 – IoT application framework mapped to ISO/IEC 30141 – Internet of Things
Reference Architecture (IoT RA) . 26
Figure 5 – Mapping between IoT application framework and IoT RA . 27
Figure 6 – Sequence diagram of use case for FC 1 . 29
Figure 7 – Sequence diagram of use case for FC 2 . 30
Figure 8 – Sequence diagram of use case for FC 3 . 31

– 4 – IEC 62872-2:2022 © IEC 2022
Figure 9 – Sequence diagram of use case for FC 4 . 32
Figure 10 – Sequence diagram of use case for FC 5 . 33
Figure 11 – Sequence diagram of use case for FC 6 . 34
Figure 12 – Sequence diagram of use case for FC 7 . 35
Figure A.1 – Smart grid information model standards and relationships between
standards [20] . 43
Figure A.2 – The relationship between the information models and their instances in

DR energy management for industrial facilities [20] . 44
Figure A.3 – Relationships of model elements in load model . 45
Figure A.4 – The relationship between FSGIM and communication protocols [20] . 47
Figure B.1 – Example of STN that consists of two types of nodes: task nodes, denoted
by rectangles, and state nodes, denoted by circles [24] . 48
Figure B.2 – STN model for DR in an industrial facility [21] . 49
Figure B.3 – Task structure in Industrial DR Model architecture . 50

Table 1 – Actors and roles . 28
Table 2 – Exchanged information in use case for FC 1. 30
Table 3 – Exchanged information in use case for FC 2. 31
Table 4 – Exchanged information in use case for FC 3. 32
Table 5 – Exchanged information in use case for FC 4. 33
Table 6 – Exchanged information in use case for FC 5. 34
Table 7 – Exchanged information in use case for FC 6. 35
Table 8 – Exchanged information in use case for FC 7. 36
Table 9 – IoT protocols recommended to apply in domains of the application framework
and in use cases . 37
Table 10 – Data format recommended to implement the FSGIM in domains of the
application framework and in use cases . 39
Table 11 – Services recommended to implement the FSGIM in domains of the
application framework and in use cases . 40
Table 12 – Communication requirements considered in domains of the application
framework and in use cases. 41

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
INDUSTRIAL-PROCESS MEASUREMENT, CONTROL AND AUTOMATION –

Part 2: Internet of Things (IoT) – Application framework for industrial
facility demand response energy management

FOREWORD
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IEC 62872-2 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 65: Industrial-process
measurement, control and automation. It is an International Standard.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
65/898/FDIS 65/911/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.

– 6 – IEC 62872-2:2022 © IEC 2022
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INTRODUCTION
The World Energy Outlook 2017 [19] reported that industry consumed over 40 % of world
electricity generation in 2015. Furthermore, industry itself is a significant generator of internal
power, with many facilities increasingly implementing their own generation, co-generation and
energy storage resources. As a major energy consumer, the ability of some industries to
schedule their consumption can be used to minimize peak demands on the electrical grid. As
an energy supplier, industries with in-house generation or storage resources can also assist in
grid load management. For example, in-house generation can supply energy to the smart grid
and to the facility. Furthermore, storage resources can assist in smart grid load management.
While some larger industrial facilities already manage their use and supply of electric power,
more widespread deployment, especially by smaller facilities, will depend upon the availability
of a readily available standard interface between industrial automation equipment and the
"smart grid".
NOTE In this document "smart grid" is used to refer to the external-to-industry entity with which industry interacts
for the purpose of energy management. In other documents this term can be used to refer to all of the elements,
including internal industrial energy elements, which work together to optimize energy generation and use.
Standards are already being developed for home and building automation interfaces to the
smart grid; however, the requirements of industry differ significantly and are addressed in this
document. For industry, the planning of energy resources and production processes are under
the responsibility of the facility energy planner and production planner while operations are
under the responsibility of the facility energy operator and production operator.
Incorrect operation of a resource could impact the safety of personnel, the facility, the
environment or lead to production failure and equipment damage. In addition, larger facilities
may have in-house production planning capabilities which could be coordinated with smart grid
planning, to allow longer term energy planning.
IEC TS 62872-1:2019 defines the interface, in terms of information flow, between industrial
facilities and the "smart grid". It identifies, profiles and extends where required the standards
needed to allow the exchange of the information needed to support the planning, management
and control of electric energy flow between the industrial facility and the smart grid.
"Internet of Things" (IoT) is being applied into different domains to facilitate the application.
Building on the system interface between industrial facilities and the smart grid defined in
IEC TS 62872-1:2019, this document addresses IoT application for industrial facility demand
response energy management (FDREM). The smart grid is a modern electric power grid
infrastructure system, whereby advanced information and communication technologies (ICTs)
are integrated with the power grid. Industry is the largest consumer of electricity among all end
user sectors. This has led to significant interest in the development of industrial energy
management around the world in recent years. Interconnectivity and interoperability are very
important features in the development of integrated energy management systems for industrial
facilities. Therefore, IoT technologies are needed and suitable for exchanging energy-related
information in FDREM. By using the IoT for communication, it enables real-time data-acquisition
(In this document, it means acquisition of real time data, not data in real time.) and efficient
data-analysis, which can make industrial energy management more intelligent and cost-saving.
Currently, there may exist different implementation of IoT-based FDREM. Thus, a standard
specification is urgently needed to guide different kinds of IoT application to data-exchange in
industrial energy management.
___________
Numbers in square brackets refer to the Bibliography.

– 8 – IEC 62872-2:2022 © IEC 2022
The proposed IoT application framework is divided into the utility side and industrial electricity
demand side, with the utility meter as the boundary between the two. Functional components
that are essential for building the automatic demand response energy management are
described clearly in this framework. the IoT application framework is compliant with the IoT
Reference Architecture (IoT RA) standardized in ISO/IEC 30141, therefore, functional
components of the IoT application framework can be mapped to the IoT RA appropriately.
This document will also describe the functionality of each IoT protocol stack layers in regard to
communication of the IoT application framework, aiming to provide related information
exchange services for functional components. Identification of existing IoT protocols will be
executed to support this kind of information exchange. Non-functional communication
requirements will also be analysed to ensure comprehensive performance of the information
exchange.
There are gaps in existing standards for supporting industrial facility energy management with
IoT technologies; this document fills the gaps to support IoT frameworks, but also can guide
the deployment of IoT into different energy management applications. For this purpose, this
document will specify a general IoT-based communication framework for industrial FDREM.

INDUSTRIAL-PROCESS MEASUREMENT, CONTROL AND AUTOMATION –

Part 2: Internet of Things (IoT) – Application framework for industrial
facility demand response energy management

1 Scope
This part of IEC 62872 presents an IoT application framework for industrial facility demand
response energy management (FDREM) for the smart grid, enabling efficient information
exchange between industrial facilities using IoT related communication technologies. This
document specifies:
– an overview of the price-based demand response program that serves as basic knowledge
backbone of the IoT application framework;
– a IoT-based energy management framework which describes involved functional
components, as well as their relationships;
– detailed information exchange flows that are indispensable between functional components;
– existing IoT protocols that need to be identified for each protocol layer to support this kind
of information exchange;
– communication requirements that guarantee reliable data exchange services for the
application framework.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC TS 62872-1:2019, Industrial-process measurement, control and automation – Part 1:
System interface between industrial facilities and the smart grid
ISO/IEC 30141:2018, Internet of Things (IoT) – Reference architecture
ISO/IEC TR 22417:2017, Information technology – Internet of things (IoT) use cases
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp

– 10 – IEC 62872-2:2022 © IEC 2022
3.1 General
3.1.1
Internet of Things
IoT
infrastructure or interconnected entities, people, systems and information resources together
with services which processes and reacts to information from the physical world and virtual
world
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 20924:2021, 3.2.4]
3.1.2
facility
industrial facility
site, or area within a site, that includes the resources within the site or area and includes the
activities associated with the use of the resources
[SOURCE: IEC 62264-1:2013, 3.1.20, modified – The preferred term facility and the admitted
term industrial facility have been replaced by facility]
3.1.3
profile
set of one or more base standards, where applicable, the identification of chosen classes,
conforming subsets, options and parameters of those base standards, necessary to accomplish
a particular function
[SOURCE: IEC/ISO TR 10000-1:1998, 3.1.4, modified – "ISPs" has been removed]
3.1.4
enterprise
one or more organizations sharing a definite mission, goals and objectives which provides an
output such as a product or service
[SOURCE: IEC 62264-1:2013, 3.1.10]
3.1.5
area
physical, geographical or logical grouping of resources determined by the site
[SOURCE: IEC 62264-1:2013, 3.1.2, modified – The example has been removed]
3.1.6
site
identified physical, geographical, and/or logical component grouping of a manufacturing
enterprise
[SOURCE: IEC 62264-1:2013, 3.1.39]
3.1.7
planner
facility energy planner
FEP
entity responsible for the advanced planning of facility energy use, storage and generation,
taking into account the requirements of future production and the overall operation of the facility
Note 1 to entry: The facility energy planner is responsible for defining the overall future energy plan for the facility,
to include both the energy requirements of production and the overall needs and capabilities of the facility to generate,
store, and consume energy.
Note 2 to entry: Plans developed by the facility energy planner will typically be made at least a day prior to intended
use.
Note 3 to entry: The facility energy planner will assemble the overall energy plan based on the individual plans
developed by production planners and the non-production requirements and capabilities of the facility.
3.1.8
production planner
PP
entity responsible for developing, monitoring and modifying the production plan based on facility
requirements and the availability of inputs
Note 1 to entry: Example of inputs are equipment, labour, raw materials and energy.
3.1.9
facility energy operator
entity responsible for the supply of energy in a real time to support current production and
current facility operation
Note 1 to entry: The facility energy operator monitors facility energy use, generation and storage, and makes
adjustments in response to changes related to shifting energy supplies, material disruptions, and equipment
breakdowns.
3.1.10
production operator
entity responsible for the use of energy in a real time to carry out production plans, and
authorized to respond to real-time changes based on feed-back from the process and other
internal or external event
Note 1 to entry: The production plan is provided by the production planner.
3.2 Models in automation
3.2.1
asset
physical or logical object owned by or under the custodial duties of an organization, having
either a perceived or actual value to the organization
Note 1 to entry: In the case of industrial automation and control systems the physical assets that have the largest
directly measurable value may be the equipment under control.
[SOURCE: IEC TS 62443-1-1:2009, 3.2.6]
3.2.2
automation asset
asset with a defined automation role in a manufacturing or process plant
Note 1 to entry: It would include structural, mechanical, electrical, electronics and software elements (e.g.
controllers, switches, network, drives, motors, pumps). These elements cover components, devices but not the plant
itself (machine, systems). It would not include human resources, process materials (e.g. raw, in-process, finished),
or financial assets.
3.2.3
process
set of interrelated or interacting activities that transforms inputs into outputs
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.11]

– 12 – IEC 62872-2:2022 © IEC 2022
3.2.4
product
result of labour or of a natural or industrial process
Note 1 to entry: This term is defined by "any goods or service" in IEC 62430 and ISO 20140-1. The European
Commission adopts a similar understanding in the directive "Ecodesign requirements for energy-related products".
In the context of this document, the term "product" does not cover the automation assets but only the output of the
manufacturing or process plant.
[SOURCE: IEC TR 62837:2013, 3.7.7]
3.3 Models in energy management system and smart grid
3.3.1
smart grid
SG
electric power system that utilizes information exchange and control technologies, distributed
computing and associated sensors and actuators, for purposes such as to integrate the
behaviour and actions of the network users and other stakeholders, and to efficiently deliver
sustainable, economic and secure electricity supplies
Note 1 to entry: In this document, smart grid is the counterpart system to which FEMS is connected.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-617:2009, 617-04-13, modified – Abbreviation to term and Note 1 to entry
have been added]
3.3.2
smart meter
SM
embedded-computer-based energy meter with a communication link
Note 1 to entry: In this document, smart meters are used to measure both the consumption and supply of energy
by the facility. They may also be deployed within the facility to measure internal energy flows.
3.3.3
utility smart meter
USM
smart meter deployed by the utility company to measure energy consumption and supply by the
facility
Note 1 to entry: This meter typically forms part of the advanced metering infrastructure of smart grid.
3.3.4
facility smart meter
FSM
smart meter deployed and used by the facility to measure energy flows
3.3.5
energy resource
electricity, fuels, steam, heat, compressed air, and other like identifiable entity whose use and
state at any time can be unambiguously determined to provide external activity or perform work
[SOURCE: ISO/TR 19815:2018, 3.7, modified – The term has been changed from "energy" to
"energy resource", in the definition "media" has been replaced with "identifiable entity whose
use and state at any time can be unambiguously determined" from 715-02-01 of IEC 60050-
715:1996, "to provide external activity or perform work" has been added, the two Notes to entry
have been removed]
3.3.6
distributed energy resource
DER
energy resource, often of a small size, operated by the utility to augment the local supply of
energy
Note 1 to entry: In this document, DER, in contrast to FER, is used to refer to resources under the direct control of
the utility. Such resources may include generation and/or storage capabilities.
3.3.7
facility energy resource
FER
energy resource, operated by the facility, which is used to supply energy to the facility
Note 1 to entry: May also be used to provide energy to the grid.
Note 2 to entry: This terminology, rather than distributed energy resource (DER) terminology, is used to emphasize
that the FER is operated by the facility and not under the direct control of the utility. Such resources may include
generation and/or storage capabilities.
3.3.8
demand response
DR
mechanism to manage customer load demand in response to supply conditions, such as prices
or availability signals
3.3.9
price-based demand response
PBDR
mechanism that gives customers time-varying rates that reflect the value and cost of electricity
in different time periods
Note 1 to entry: Armed with this information, customers tend to use less electricity at times when electricity prices
are high.
3.3.10
time of use
TOU
rate with different unit prices for usage during different blocks of time, usually defined for a 24-
hour day
Note 1 to entry: TOU rates reflect the average cost of generating and delivering power during those time periods.
3.3.11
day-ahead price
DAP
rate notified on a day-ahead basis, in which the price for electricity fluctuates hourly reflecting
changes in the wholesale price of electricity
3.3.12
real-time price
RTP
rate notified on hourly-ahead basis, in which the price for electricity fluctuates hourly reflecting
changes in the wholesale price of electricity

– 14 – IEC 62872-2:2022 © IEC 2022
3.3.13
incentive-based demand response
IBDR
mechanism supported by soliciting demand response behaviour, commitment to agreed
demand response and programs that pay participating customers to reduce their loads at times
requested by the program sponsor
Note 1 to entry: The nonparticipation in solicited demand response behaviour does not incur any penalty; examples
are DLC and EDRP.
Note 2 to entry: The nonparticipation in committed agreed demand response behaviour entails a penalty; examples
are I/C, DB, CMP and ASM.
3.3.14
direct load control
DLC
one of the IBDR programs, in which the SG operator remotely shuts down the load of a facility
to address system reliability contingencies, in exchange for paying the facility participation
payment in advance
3.3.15
interruptible/curtailable load
I/C
one of the IBDR programs, in which the SG operator issues "incentive" to a facility for agreeing
to reduce load during system contingencies
Note 1 to entry: A facility will be penalized if it does not reduce load.
3.3.16
emergency demand response program
EDRP
one of the IBDR programs, in which the SG operator provides incentive payment to a facility for
measured load reduction during a reliability-triggered event
Note 1 to entry: No penalty is imposed if the facility does not respond.
3.3.17
demand bidding
DB
one of the IBDR programs, in which the SG operator allows a facility to bid load reduction into
the energy market
Note 1 to entry: A facility with accepted bid shall reduce load as contracted, otherwise it faces a penalty.
3.3.18
capacity market program
CMP
one of the IBDR programs, in which the SG operator provides a facility with guaranteed payment
for committing to provide predefined load reduction as the system reaches capacity
Note 1 to entry: A facility will face a penalty if it does not reduce load during a DR event.
3.3.19
ancillary service market
ASM
one of the IBDR programs, in which the SG operator allows a qualified facility to bid load
reduction into the ancillary market as operating reserves
Note 1 to entry: A facility with accepted bid shall curtail load when called by the SG operator, otherwise it faces a
penalty.
3.3.20
facility energy management system
FEMS
system providing the functionality needed for the effective and ef
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