EN 60728-13-1:2012

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2012
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Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services -- Part 13-1:
Bandwith expansion for broadcast signal over FTTH system
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 60728-13-1:2012
ICS:
33.160.01 Avdio, video in avdiovizualni Audio, video and audiovisual
sistemi na splošno systems in general
33.180.01 6LVWHPL]RSWLþQLPLYODNQLQD Fibre optic systems in
VSORãQR general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 60728-13-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
August 2012
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 33.160.01; 33.180.01
English version
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals
and interactive services -
Part 13-1: Brandwith expansion for broadcast signal
over FTTH system
(IEC 60728-13-1:2012)
Réseaux de distribution par câbles  Kabelnetze für Fernsehsignale,
pour signaux de télévision, signaux Tonsignale und interaktive Dienste -
de radiodiffusion sonore et services Teil 13-1: Bandbreitenerweiterung
interactifs - für Rundfunksignale in FTTH-Systemen
Partie 13-1: Extension de marque (IEC 60728-13-1:2012)
pour le signal de diffusion sur le système
FTTH
(CEI 60728-13-1:2012)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2012-06-13. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.

CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels

© 2012 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 60728-13-1:2012 E
Foreword
The text of document 100/1801/CDV, future edition 1 of IEC 60728-13-1, prepared by Technical
Area 5 “Cable networks for television signals, sound signal and interactive services" of IEC/TC 100
"Audio, video and multimedia systems and equipment" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel
vote and approved by CENELEC as EN 60728-13-1:2012.
The following dates are fixed:
(dop) 2013-03-13
• latest date by which the document has
to be implemented at national level by
publication of an identical national
standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national (dow) 2015-06-13
standards conflicting with the
document have to be withdrawn
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
patent rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60728-13-1:2012 was approved by CENELEC as a
European Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated:

IEC 60068 series NOTE Harmonised as EN 60068 series (not modified).
IEC 60825-1 NOTE Harmonised as EN 60825-1.
IEC 60825-2 NOTE Harmonised as EN 60825-2.
IEC 60825-12 NOTE Harmonised as EN 60825-12.
IEC 60875-1 NOTE Harmonised as EN 60875-1.
IEC 61280-1-1 NOTE Harmonised as EN 61280-1-1.
IEC 61280-2-9 NOTE Harmonised as EN 61280-2-9.
IEC 61281-1 NOTE Harmonised as EN 61281-1.
IEC 61290-1-2 NOTE Harmonised as EN 61290-1-2.
IEC 61290-1-3 NOTE Harmonised as EN 61290-1-3.
IEC 61291-1:2006 NOTE Harmonised as EN 61291-1:2006 (not modified).
IEC 61300-3-2 NOTE Harmonised as EN 61300-3-2.
IEC 61754-13 NOTE Harmonised as EN 61754-13.
IEC 61755-1 NOTE Harmonised as EN 61755-1.

- 3 - EN 60728-13-1:2012
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications

The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

NOTE  When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD
applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year

1)
IEC 60068-1 1988 Environmental testing - EN 60068-1 1994
+ corr. October 1988 Part 1: General and guidance

IEC 60728-1 2007 Cable networks for television signals, sound EN 60728-1 2008
signals and interactive services -
Part 1: System performance of forward paths

IEC 60728-6 2011 Cable networks for television signals, sound EN 60728-6 2011
signals and interactive services -
Part 6: Optical equipment
IEC 60728-13 2010 Cable networks for television signals, sound EN 60728-13 2010
+ corr. August 2010 signals and interactive services -
Part 13: Optical systems for broadcast signal
transmissions
IEC 61280-1-3 - Fibre optic communication subsystem test EN 61280-1-3 -
procedures -
Part 1-3: General communication
subsystems - Central wavelength and
spectral width measurement
ITU-T - Spectral grids for WDM applications: DWDM - -
Recommendation frequency grid
G.694.1
ITU-T - Spectral grids for WDM applications: CWDM - -
Recommendation wavelength grid
G. 94.2
1)
EN 60068-1 includes A1 to IEC 60068-1 + corr. October.

IEC 60728-13-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2012-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services –

Part 13-1: Bandwidth expansion for broadcast signal over FTTH system

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
XA
ICS 33.160.01; 33.180.01 ISBN 978-2-88912-044-4

– 2 – 60728-13-1 © IEC:2012(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Terms and definitions . 8
3.2 Symbols . 16
3.3 Abbreviations . 17
4 Optical system reference model. 18
5 Preparation of measurement . 19
5.1 Environmental conditions . 19
5.1.1 Standard measurement conditions . 19
5.1.2 Standard operating condition . 19
5.1.3 Standard signal and measuring equipment . 19
5.2 Accuracy of measuring equipment . 20
5.3 Source power . 20
6 Methods of measurement . 20
6.1 Measuring points and parameters . 20
6.1.1 General . 20
6.1.2 Measuring points . 20
6.1.3 Measuring parameters . 21
6.2 Optical power . 22
6.3 Optical wavelength . 22
6.4 Carrier level and carrier-to-noise ratio . 22
6.4.1 General . 22
6.4.2 Measurement setup . 22
6.4.3 Measurement conditions . 23
6.4.4 Measurement method for xPSK signals . 23
6.4.5 Presentation of the results . 23
6.5 Carrier-to-noise ratio defined by optical signal . 23
6.5.1 General . 23
6.5.2 Measuring points and measurement setup . 23
6.5.3 Measurement conditions . 24
6.5.4 System RIN measurement method . 24
6.5.5 C/N calculation based on RIN value . 26
6.5.6 Calculation of component RIN . 27
6.6 Optical modulation index . 27
6.7 Carrier-to-crosstalk ratio (CCR) . 28
7 Specification of optical system for broadcast signal transmission . 28
7.1 Analogue and digital broadcast system over optical network . 28
7.2 International TV systems . 28
7.3 Relationship between RIN and C/N . 29
7.4 Optical wavelength . 31
7.5 Frequency of source signal . 32

60728-13-1 © IEC:2012(E) – 3 –
7.6 Optical system specification for satellite signal transmission . 32
7.7 C/N ratio specification for in-house and in-building wirings . 32
7.8 Crosstalk due to optical fibre non-linearity . 33
7.9 Single frequency interference level due to fibre non-linearity . 33
7.10 Environment condition . 33
Annex A (informative) Actual service systems and design considerations . 34
Annex B (informative) Wavelength division multiplexing . 46
Annex C (informative) Minimum wavelength separation . 53
Annex D (informative) Relation between C/N degradation and rain attenuation . 57
Bibliography . 59

Figure 1 – FTTH Cable TV system using one-wavelength . 18
Figure 2 – FTTH Cable TV system using two wavelengths . 18
Figure 3 – Performance specified points of the optical system . 19
Figure 4 – Measuring points in a typical video distribution system . 21
Figure 5 – Measurement of optical wavelength using WDM coupler . 22
Figure 6 – Measurement of carrier level and carrier-to-noise ratio . 22
Figure 7 – Measuring points in a typical FTTH system . 23
Figure 8 – RIN measurement setup . 24
Figure 9 – Performance allocation and measuring points . 28
Figure 10 – Section of C/N ratio specification (38 dB) for in-house wiring . 33
Figure 11 – Section of C/N ratio specification (24 dB) for in-building wiring (in case of
coaxial cable distribution after V-ONU) . 33
Figure A.1 – Example of a multi-channel service system of one million terminals . 34
Figure A.2 – Example of a multi-channel service system of 2 000 terminals . 35
Figure A.3 – Example of a multi-channel with CS supplementary service system of
2 000 terminals . 35
Figure A.4 – Example of retransmission service system with 144 terminals . 36
Figure A.5 – Example of retransmission service system with 72 terminals . 36
Figure A.6 – System performance calculation Model No.1 . 39
Figure A.7 – System performance calculation Model No.2 . 40
Figure A.8 – System performance calculation Model No.3 . 41
Figure A.9 – System performance calculation Model No.4 . 42
Figure A.10 – System performance calculation Model No.5 . 43
Figure A.11 – System performance calculation model No.6 . 44
Figure B.1 – Linear crosstalk between two wavelengths . 49
Figure B.2 – Wavelength dependency of Raman crosstalk . 50
Figure B.3 – Nonlinear crosstalk between two wavelengths . 50
Figure B.4 – Frequency dependency of cross phase modulation . 51
Figure B.5 – C/N degradation (two wavelengths into one V-ONU case) . 52
Figure C.1 – Experimental results of RIN degradation due to optical beat . 54
Figure C.2 – Wavelength variation of DWDM transmitter against ambient temperature . 54
Figure C.3 – Wavelength variation of CWDM transmitter against ambient temperature . 55
Figure C.4 – Example of wavelength division multiplexing using WDM filter . 55

– 4 – 60728-13-1 © IEC:2012(E)
Figure C.5 – Example of CWDM filter design . 56
Figure C.6 – Example of wavelength division multiplexing using optical coupler . 56

Table 1 – Level of RF signals . 13
Table 2 – Measuring instruments . 20
Table 3 – Measuring points and measured parameters . 21
Table 4 – Parameters used to calculate the C/N when signals of multiple wavelengths
are received by a single V-ONU . 27
Table 5 – Minimum RF signal-to-noise ratio requirements in operation . 28
Table 6 – Types of broadcast services . 30
Table 7 – Type of service and minimum operational RIN values for Satellite services . 31
Table 8 – Performance of optical wavelength and power . 31
Table 9 – Optical system specification . 32
Table 10 – Section of C/N ratio specification for in-house/in-building wiring . 32
Table 11 – Interference level due to fibre non-linearity . 33
Table A.1 – Basic system parameters . 37
Table B.1 – Example nominal central frequencies of the DWDM grid . 47
Table B.2 – Nominal central wavelength for spacing of 20 nm (ITU-T G.694.2) . 49

60728-13-1 © IEC:2012(E) – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
CABLE NETWORKS FOR TELEVISION SIGNALS,
SOUND SIGNALS AND INTERACTIVE SERVICES –

Part 13-1: Bandwidth expansion for broadcast signal
over FTTH system
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in
addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses
arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60728-13-1 has been prepared by technical area 5: Cable networks
for television signals, sound signal and interactive services, of IEC technical committee 100:
Audio, video and multimedia systems and equipment.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
CDV Report on voting
100/1801/CDV 100/1931/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The list of all the parts of the IEC 60728 series under the general title Cable networks for
television signals, sound signals and interactive services, can found on the IEC website.

– 6 – 60728-13-1 © IEC:2012(E)
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.

A bilingual version of this standard may be issued at a later date.

60728-13-1 © IEC:2012(E) – 7 –
INTRODUCTION
Standards of the IEC 60728 series deal with cable networks including equipment and associated
methods of measurement for headend reception, processing and distribution of television
signals, sound signals and their associated data signals and for processing, interfacing and
transmitting all kinds of signals for interactive services using all applicable transmission media.
This includes
• CATV networks,
• MATV networks and SMATV networks,
• individual receiving networks
and all kinds of equipment, systems and installations installed in such networks.
NOTE CATV encompasses the Hybrid Fibre Coaxial (HFC) networks used nowadays to provide telecommunications
services, voice, data, audio and video both broadcast and narrowcast.
The extent of this standardization work is from the antennas, special signal source inputs to the
headend or other interface points to the network up to the terminal input.
The standardization of any user terminals (i.e. tuners, receivers, decoders, terminals, etc.) as
well as of any coaxial and optical cables and accessories thereof is excluded.
In this standard, informative Annex A describes the system composition and model system
based on this standard, and Annex B describes basic concepts for optical wavelength division
multiplexing and adds notes for system configuration. Annex C gives the minimum wavelength
separation, and Annex D explains the relationship between C/N degradation and rain
attenuation.
This standard describes the pass-through method of satellite broadcast signals over the FTTH
system which uses AM-FDM (SCM) transmission. For an FTTH system below 1 GHz refer
to IEC 60728-13. This standard contains descriptions of the measurement methods and
specifications for optical wavelength division multiplex and for PSK modulation systems. It
specifies the downstream video signal transmission and thus the two-way optical transmission
system is out of the scope of this standard.This standard applies to the FTTH system of
broadband broadcast signal transmission which conveys satellite broadcast signals using one or
multiple optical wavelengths. It is provided for cable/satellite operators to extend their
broadband services in order to avoid interference between optical wavelengths based on the
technologies described in IEC 60728-13.

– 8 – 60728-13-1 © IEC:2012(E)
CABLE NETWORKS FOR TELEVISION SIGNALS,
SOUND SIGNALS AND INTERACTIVE SERVICES –

Part 13-1: Bandwidth expansion for broadcast signal
over FTTH system
1 Scope
The purpose of this part of IEC 60728 is the precise description of the fibre to the home (FTTH)
system for expanding broadband broadcast signal transmission from CATV services only,
towards CATV plus broadcast satellite (BS) plus communication satellite (CS) services,
additionally to other various signals such as data services.
The scope is limited to the RF signal transmission over the FTTH (fibre to the home) system.
Thus, this part of IEC 60728 does not include IP transport technologies.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
IEC 60068-1:1988, Environmental testing – Part 1: General and guidance
IEC 60728-1:2007, Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive
services – Part 1: System performance of forward paths
IEC 60728-6:2011, Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive
services – Part 6: Optical equipment
IEC 60728-13:2010, Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive
services – Part 13: Optical systems for broadcast signal transmissions
IEC 61280-1-3, Fibre optic communication subsystem test procedures – Part 1-3 General
communication subsystems – Central wavelength and spectral width measurement
ITU-T Recommendation G.694.1, Spectral grids for WDM applications: CWDM wavelength
grid
ITU-T Recommendation G.694.2, Spectral grids for WDM applications: CWDM wavelength
grid
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

60728-13-1 © IEC:2012(E) – 9 –
3.1.1
optical transmitting unit
optical transmitter
Tx
transmit fibre optic terminal device accepting at its input port an electrical signal and providing at
its output port an optical carrier modulated by that input signal
[SOURCE: IEC 61931:1998, definition 2.9.6]
Note 1 to entry: For the purposes of this standard, optical transmitters may have more than one input port accepting
electrical RF signals.
Note 2 to entry: This piece of equipment amplifies frequency multiplexed electrical signals and converts these
electrical signals into optical signals. The optical wavelength is a 1 500 nm band (1 550 ± 10 nm in 1 530 nm to
1 625 nm region).
Note 3 to entry: The wavelength and necessary wavelength separation are described in Annexes B and C,
respectively.
[SOURCE: IEC 60728-13:2010, definition 3.1.1, modified – Note 3 has been added]
3.1.2
optical receiving unit
optical receiver
Rx
receive fibre optic terminal device accepting at its input port a modulated optical carrier, and
providing at its output port the corresponding demodulated electrical signal (with the associated
clock, if digital)
Note 1 to entry: For the purposes of this standard, optical receivers may have more than one output port providing
electrical RF signals.
[SOURCE: IEC/TR 61931:1998, definition 2.9.7, modified – Note 1 has been added]
3.1.3
optical amplifier
optical waveguide device containing a suitably pumped, active medium which is able to amplify
an optical signal
Note 1 to entry: In this standard, Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifier (EDFA) is used for amplification in the 1 550 nm
band.
Note 2 to entry: There are several methods based on wavelength to be used for amplification. The term “Erbium
Doped Fibre Amplifier (EDFA)” is the synonym of optical amplifier in this standard.
[SOURCE: IEC/TR 61931:1998, definition 2.7.75, modified – Notes 1 and 2 have been added]
3.1.4
fibre optic branching device
optical fibre coupler
splitter
optical fibre device, possessing three or more optical ports, which shares optical power among
its ports in a predetermined fashion, at the same wavelength or wavelengths, without
wavelength conversion
Note 1 to entry: The ports may be connected to fibres, detectors, etc.
[SOURCE: IEC/TR 61931:1998, definition 2.6.21, modified – The term has been clarified]

– 10 – 60728-13-1 © IEC:2012(E)
3.1.5
multiplexing device
WDM device
wavelength selective branching device (used in WDM transmission systems) in which optical
signals can be transferred between two predetermined ports, depending on the wavelength of
the signal
[SOURCE: IEC 61931:1998, definition 2.6.51]
3.1.6
optical modulation index
OMI
th
optical modulation index of k RF carrier, is defined as
m
k
φφ−
h l
m =
k
φφ+
hl
total optical modulation index, M is defined as
K
Mm=
∑ k
k =1
where
is the highest and
φ
h
is the lowest instantaneous optical power of the intensity modulated optical signal,
φ
l
K is the total number of RF carriers and
M is the total optical modulation index.
Note 1 to entry: This term is mainly used for analogue systems.
[SOURCE: IEC 60728-13:2010, definition 3.1.6]
3.1.7
relative intensity noise
RIN
ratio of the mean square of the intensity fluctuations in the optical power of a light source to the
square of the mean of the optical output power
-1
Note 1 to entry: The RIN is usually expressed in dB(Hz ) resulting in negative values.
Note 2 to entry: The value of RIN can also be calculated from the results of a carrier-to-noise measurement for the
system.
[SOURCE: IEC 60728-13:2010, definition 3.1.8]
[SOURCE: IEC 60728-6:2011, definition 3.1.12]

60728-13-1 © IEC:2012(E) – 11 –
3.1.8
responsivity
ratio of an optical detector’s electrical output to its optical input at a given wavelength
Note 1 to entry: The responsivity is generally expressed in ampere per watt or volt per watt of incident radiant power.
Note 2 to entry: Sensitivity is sometimes used as an imprecise synonym for responsivity.
Note 3 to entry: The wavelength interval around the given wavelength may be specified.
[SOURCE: IEC 60728-6:2011, definition 3.1.14]
3.1.9
wavelength
distance covered in a period by the wavefront of a harmonic plane wave
Note 1 to entry: The wavelength λ of light in vacuum is given by
c
λ =
f
where
c is the speed of light in vacuum (c ≈ 2,997 92 × 10 m/s)
f is the optical frequency
Note 2 to entry: Although the wavelength in dielectric material, such as fibres, is shorter than in vacuum, only the
wavelength of light in vacuum is used.
[SOURCE: IEC 60728-6:2011, definition 3.1.16]
3.1.10
centre wavelength
average of those wavelengths at which the amplitude of a light source reaches or last falls to half
of the maximum amplitude
[SOURCE: IEC 60728-6:2011, definition 3.1.23]
3.1.11
vestigial sideband
AM-VSB signal
sideband in which only the spectral components corresponding to the lower frequencies of the
modulating signals are preserved, the other components being strongly attenuated
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-702:1992, definition 702-06-28, modified – The abbreviation has been
completed]
Note 1 to entry: This is the abbreviation for the vestigial sideband amplitude modulated signal used in the terrestrial
broadcasting and CATV transmission system.
[SOURCE: IEC 60728-13:2010, definition 3.1.12]
3.1.12
QAM signal
quadrature amplitude modulation
QAM
amplitude modulation by two separate signals of two sinusoidal carriers having the same
amplitude and frequency but being in phase quadrature, the modulated signals being added for
transmission in a single channel
[SOURCE: IEC 60728-13:2010, definition 3.1.13]

– 12 – 60728-13-1 © IEC:2012(E)
3.1.13
OFDM signal
orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is one of the multiplexing schemes used for the
transportation of terrestrial digital broadcasting SDTV and HDTV signals
Note 1 to entry: OFDM is based on the idea of frequency-division multiplexing, where each frequency channel is
modulated with a simpler modulation, and the frequencies and modulation of FDM are arranged to be orthogonal with
each other, which almost eliminates the interference between channels.
[SOURCE: IEC 60728-13:2010, definition 3.1.14]
3.1.14
phase shift keying
PSK signal
angle modulation in which each significant condition in a modulating discretely-timed signal is
represented by a specified phase of a periodic sinusoidal oscillation
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-721:1991, definition 721-06-07, modified – One term has been deleted
and one term has been modified.]
3.1.15
RF signal level definition
level of an RF signal is defined in Table 1; it is expressed in microvolt or in dB(µV) or in dB(mW)
[SOURCE: IEC 60728-13:2010, definition 3.1.15]
3.1.16
AM-VSB analogue signals
vision carrier signal level is the RMS value of the vision carrier at the peak of the modulation
envelope (C ), expressed in dB(µV) and measured across a 75 Ω termination or referred to
rms
75 Ω
Note 1 to entry: This will correspond, in negative modulation systems, to the carrier amplitude during synchronizing
pulses and, in positive modulation systems, to that at peak white level without a chrominance signal, as shown in
ITU-R Recommendation BT.470, Figure 1.
[SOURCE: IEC 60728-13:2010, definition 3.1.16]
3.1.17
FM radio or FM audio carrier of a TV signals
level of an FM radio or of an FM audio carrier of a TV signal is the RMS value of the carrier
expressed in dB(µV) and measured across a 75 Ω termination or referred to 75 Ω
[SOURCE: IEC 60728-13:2010, definition 3.1.17]

60728-13-1 © IEC:2012(E) – 13 –
3.1.18
digitally modulated signals
level of a digitally modulated signal is given by the RMS power of the signal within the channel
bandwidth (S ) and can be expressed in dB(mW) or in dB(μV) referred to 75 Ω
D,RF
Note 1 to entry: The level of an OFDM signal is the average electrical power of the overall signal comprised of
multi-carriers and is not the individual carrier level of the multi-carrier signal, as shown in Table 1.
Table 1 – Level of RF signals
Signal Level detection Symbol Remarks
AM-VSB video RMS value of the carrier at the peak of the

peak value C
rms
carrier modulation envelope.
Analogue
TV signal
FM audio
RMS value C The carrier level is a constant value.
rms
carrier
QAM signal RMS value
Digitally The value is averaged over a sufficiently long
modulated OFDM signal RMS value S period of time compared to period of the lowest
D,RF
signals frequency used for the modulation.
PSK signal RMS value
[SOURCE: IEC 60728-13:2010, definition 3.1.18, modified – Table 1 has been improved.]
3.1.19
carrier-to-noise ratio
signal-to-noise ratio
if the noise level is expressed as
N RMS level of the noise in the equivalent noise bandwidth of the RF channel, expressed
rms
in dB(mW) or in dB(μV) referred to 75 Ω
the carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N) or the signal to noise ratio (S /N) is given by
D,RF
C/N (dB) = C – N (analogue signals)
rms rms
S /N (dB) = S – N (digital signals)
D,RF D,RF rms
Note 1 to entry: The level of the analogue modulated carrier or of the RF digitally modulated signal and the level of
the noise is expressed in the same units, in dB(mW) or in dB(μV) measured across a 75 Ω termination or referred to
75 Ω.
[SOURCE: IEC 60728-13:2010, definition 3.1.19, modified – The definition has been revised.]
3.1.20
D/U ratio
ratio of desired signal level, D[dB(µV)], to undesired signal level, U[dB(µV)]
Note 1 to entry: The D/U ratio is generally used for multiple frequency interference as CSO and CTB, for single
frequency interference as CCR.
[SOURCE: IEC 60728-13:2010, definition 3.1.20, modified]

– 14 – 60728-13-1 © IEC:2012(E)
3.1.21
single or multiple frequency interference
besides the C/N and S /N ratios, single or multiple frequency interference to video signal is
D.RF
defined as the ratio of desired signal level and undesired signal level
Note 1 to entry: The ratio of desired signal level, D(dB(µV)), to undesired signal level, U(dB(µV)) is given by
D/U (dB) = D – U
Note 2 to entry: The desired and the undesired signals can also be expressed both in dB(mW).
[SOURCE: IEC 60728-13:2010, definition 3.1.21]
3.1.22
optical line terminal
OLT
central office-terminal equipment that is linked with the Optical Network Unit (ONU) in customer
premises
Note 1 to entry: OLT usually connects with headend equipment.
[SOURCE: IEC 60728-13:2010, definition 3.1.22]
3.1.23
optical network unit
ONU
terminal equipment linked with OLT
[SOURCE: IEC 60728-13:2010, definition 3.1.23]
3.1.24
video-optical network unit
V-ONU
terminal unit that changes the optical signal of a broadcast system into an electric signal
Note 1 to entry: The term V-ONU is used as the synonym of optical receiver (O/E) in this standard.
[SOURCE: IEC 60728-13:2010, definition 3.1.24]
3.1.25
stimulated Brillouin scattering
SBS
non-linear scattering of optical radiation characterized by a frequency shift as for the Raman
scattering, but accompanied by a lower frequency (acoustical) vibration of the medium lattice;
the light is scattered backward with respect to the incident radiation
[SOURCE: IEC 61931:1998, definition 2.1.88]
Note 1 to entry: In silica fibres the frequency shift is typically around 10 GHz.
Note 2 to entry: SBS results in loss of optical level and affects the performance of analogue optical system.
Note 3 to entry: The frequency shift is characterized by a frequency downshift (that is to a longer wavelength) due to
a GHz frequency acoustical vibration (frequency downshift is 10 GHz or 11 GHz, and gain bandwidth 20 MHz).
[SOURCE: IEC 60728-13:2010, definition 3.1.25]

60728-13-1 © IEC:2012(E) – 15 –
3.1.26
stimulated Raman scattering
SRS
non-linear scattering of optical radiation characterized by a wavelength shift and accompanied
by very high frequency vibration of the medium lattice, strongly enhanced by the presence of
already scattered radiation
[SOURCE: IEC 61931:1998, definition 2.1.87]
Note 1 to entry: In silica fibres the wavelength shift is typically around 100 nm for an exciting radiation with a
wavelength around 1 550 nm.
Note 2 to entry: Stimulated Raman scattering can occur in both forward and backward directions and can cause
crosstalk between optical signals of different wavelengths.
Note 3 to entry: Frequency downshift is about 13 THz and gain bandwidth about 20 GHz.
[SOURCE: IEC 60728-13:2010, definition 3.1.27]
3.1.27
cross-phase modulation
XPM
cross-phase modulation is caused by the nonlinear refractive index of the fibre material
Note 1 to entry: It has a relationship with the wavelength spacing in optical transmission system. The more spacing
becomes broader, the more XPM value decreases. In such WDM system having 1 490 nm (communication signal) and
1 550 nm (broadcast signal) wavelengths, XPM becomes negligible small compared with SRS due to this relationship-
Note 2 to entry: XPM affects the performance of the wavelength division multiplex system.
[SOURCE: IEC 60728-13:2010, definition 3.1.28]
3.1.28
crosstalk
carrier-to-crosstalk ratio
CCR
level difference of CATV broadcast carrier level and worst case of other services single
frequency crosstalk signal measured at RF output port of optical receiver for CATV broadcast
service
CCR = D −U
CATV OtherService
where
D
CATV is the nominal level of CATV broadcast signal in dB(µV) at RF output port of
optical CATV broadcast receiver,
U
OtherService is the worst case level of another service’s single frequency crosstalk in dB(µV) at
RF output port of optical CATV broadcast receiver. The value of U is
OtherService
mainly due to the Raman scattering effect.
Note 1 to entry: CCR is expressed in dB.
[SOURCE: IEC 60728-13:2010, definition 3.1.30]

– 16 – 60728-13-1 © IEC:2012(E)
3.2 Symbols
The following graphical symbols are used in the figures of this standard. These symbols are
either listed in IEC 60617 or based on symbols defined in IEC 60617.
E Optical transmitter Optical amplifier
[IEC 60617-S002131 [IEC 60617-S01239
O
(2001-07)] (2001-07)]
Optical fibre Variable attenuator
[IEC 60617-S01318 [IEC 60617-S01245,
A
(2001-07)] modified (2001-07)]

Power meter
O Optical receiver
[IEC 60617-S00059,
P
[IEC 60617-S00213
IEC 60617-S00910
E
(2001-07)]
(2001-07)]
Electrical spectrum
analyzer based on Amplifier
P(f)
[IEC 60617-S00059, [IEC 60617-S01239
IEC 60617-S00910 (2001-07)]
(2001-07)]
Ammeter based
...