FprEN 1457-1:2018

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 1457-1:2016
01-november-2016
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Chimney - Clay/ceramic flue liners - Part 1: Flue liners operating under dry conditions -
Requirements and test methods
Abgasanlagen - Keramik-Innenrohre - Teil 1: Innenrohre für den Trockenbetrieb -
Anforderungen und Prüfungen
Conduits de cheminée - Conduits intérieurs en terre cuite/céramique - Partie 1 :
Exigences et méthodes d'essai pour utilisation en conditions sèches
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 1457-1
ICS:
91.060.40 Dimniki, jaški, kanali Chimneys, shafts, ducts
oSIST prEN 1457-1:2016 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

oSIST prEN 1457-1:2016
oSIST prEN 1457-1:2016
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 1457-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
September 2016
ICS 91.060.40 Will supersede EN 1457-1:2012
English Version
Chimney - Clay/ceramic flue liners - Part 1: Flue liners
operating under dry conditions - Requirements and test
methods
Conduits de cheminée - Conduits intérieurs en terre Abgasanlagen - Keramik-innenrohre - Teil 1:
cuite/céramique - Partie 1 : Prescriptions et méthodes Innenrohre für Trockenbetrieb - Anforderungen und
d'essai pour utilisation en conditions sèches Prüfungen
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 166.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 1457-1:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

oSIST prEN 1457-1:2016
prEN 1457-1:2016 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Flue liners and openings . 8
4.1 Flue liner cross-sections . 8
4.2 Inspection openings and chimney junctions . 9
5 Types of flue liner . 9
6 Materials . 10
7 Tolerances on dimensions . 10
7.1 Transverse dimension . 10
7.2 Height . 10
7.3 Angle of curvature. 11
7.4 Straightness . 11
7.5 Squareness of ends . 11
7.6 Deviation from shape of cross section . 11
7.7 Geometry of joints . 11
8 Proof load . 11
8.1 Straight flue liners . 11
8.2 Curved flue liners . 11
8.3 Minimum load for inspection opening sections . 11
9 Gas tightness /leakage, thermal resistance and soot fire resistance for straight flue
liners . 12
9.1 Initial test . 12
9.2 Final gas tightness after testing . 12
9.2.1 General . 12
9.2.2 Final gas tightness after sootfire testing . 12
9.2.3 Final gas tightness after thermal shock testing . 12
10 Durability . 13
10.1 Corrosion resistance . 13
10.2 Freeze/Thaw resistance . 13
11 Water absorption and bulk density . 13
11.1 General . 13
11.2 Water absorption . 13
11.3 Bulk density . 14
12 Abrasion resistance . 14
13 Flow resistance . 14
14 Thermal resistance . 14
15 Assessment and verification of constancy of performance – AVCP. 14
15.1 General . 14
15.2 Type testing . 14
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15.2.1 General . 14
15.2.2 Test samples, testing and compliance criteria . 15
15.2.3 Test reports . 16
15.2.4 Shared other party results . 16
15.2.5 Cascading determination of the product type results . 17
15.3 Factory production control (FPC) . 18
15.3.1 General . 18
15.3.2 Requirements . 18
15.3.3 Product specific requirements . 21
15.3.4 Initial inspection of factory and of FPC . 22
15.3.5 Continuous surveillance of FPC . 22
15.3.6 Procedure for modifications . 23
15.3.7 One-off products, pre-production products (e.g. prototypes) and products produced
in very low quantity . 23
16 Test methods . 24
16.1 Size . 24
16.2 Height . 24
16.3 Angle of curvature . 24
16.4 Straightness . 24
16.5 Squareness of ends . 25
16.6 Deviation from shape of cross-section . 26
16.7 Proof load . 28
16.7.1 Test specimen . 28
16.7.2 Testing equipment . 28
16.7.3 Test procedure . 28
16.8 Thermal testing . 29
16.8.1 Test flue . 29
16.8.2 Test equipment . 30
16.8.3 Assembly of test flue . 31
16.8.4 Thermal conditioning . 31
16.8.5 Measurement of leakage rate . 32
16.8.6 Expression of results . 32
16.9 Corrosion resistance. 32
16.9.1 Test specimens . 32
16.9.2 Test equipment . 33
16.9.3 Test procedure . 33
16.9.4 Expression of results . 34
16.10 Water absorption . 34
16.10.1 Test specimen . 34
16.10.2 Test equipment . 34
16.10.3 Test procedure . 34
16.10.4 Expression of results . 34
16.11 Bulk density . 34
16.11.1 Test specimen . 34
16.11.2 Test procedure . 35
16.11.3 Expression of results . 35
16.12 Abrasion resistance . 35
16.12.1 Test flue . 35
16.12.2 Test equipment . 35
16.12.3 Test procedure . 36
16.12.4 Expression of results . 36
17 Designation . 37
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18 Marking . 38
19 Release of dangerous substances . 38
Annex A (normative) Sampling procedures for an AQL of 10 % and inspection level S2 . 39
A.1 Acceptability determination . 39
A.1.1 Single sampling . 39
A.1.2 Double sampling . 39
A.2 Normal inspection . 39
A.3 Normal to reduced inspection . 40
A.4 Reduced to normal inspection. 41
A.5 Tightened inspection . 41
A.6 Tightened to normal inspection . 41
A.7 Discontinuation of inspection . 41
Annex B (normative) Thermal resistance . 42
B.1 Method 1: simplified calculation for flue liners without cavities . 42
B.2 Method 2: thermal resistance of flue liners with or without cavities . 42
B.2.1 General . 42
B.2.2 Data . 43
B.2.2.1 Thermal properties of the material. 43
B.2.2.2 Boundary conditions . 44
B.2.3 Specific conditions for the cavities . 44
B.2.3.1 General . 44
B.2.3.2 Heat transmitted by conduction-convection in the air . 45
B.2.3.3 Heat transmitted by radiation . 46
B.2.3.4 Equivalent thermal conductivity . 46
B.2.4 Calculations . 47
B.2.4.1 General . 47
B.2.4.2 Numerical resolution . 47
B.3 Method Approximate thermal resistance values . 47
Annex C (normative) Measurement of the coefficient of friction of chimneys . 48
Annex D (informative) Comparison with designation given in EN 1443:2003 . 50
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship of this European Standard with Regulation (EU)
No.305/2011 . 51
ZA.1 Scope and relevant characteristics . 51
ZA.2 System of Assessment and Verification of Constancy of Performance (AVCP) . 52
ZA.3 Assignment of AVCP tasks . 52
Bibliography . 54

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prEN 1457-1:2016 (E)
European foreword
This document (prEN 1457-1:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 166
“Chimney”, the secretariat of which is held by ASI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 1457-1:2012.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
EN 1457 is made of two parts:
— EN 1457-1, Chimney — Clay/ceramic flue liners — Part 1: Flue liners operating under dry conditions
— Requirements and test methods;
— EN 1457-2, Chimney — Clay/ceramic flue liners — Part 2: Flue liners operating under wet conditions
— Requirements and test methods.
The main changes with respect to the previous edition are:
— New Clause 15: Assessment and verification of constancy of performance – AVCP
— New Annex ZA: Relationships of this European Standard with Regulation (EU) n°305/2011
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1 Scope
This European Standard is a product standard for clay/ceramic flue liners operating under dry
conditions with solid walls or walls with vertical perforations for use in the construction of multiwall
chimneys and flue pipes which serve to convey products of combustion from fireplaces or heating
appliances to the outside atmosphere by negative or positive pressure. It includes the flue liners used
for domestic and industrial chimneys which are not structurally independent (free-standing).
This European Standard specifies the performance requirements for factory made flue liners and
chimney fittings. Testing including thermal testing with or without insulation, marking and inspection
are covered by this standard. This part does not cover flue liners operating under wet conditions.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 312, Particleboards - Specifications
EN 1443:2003, Chimneys - General requirements
EN 10088-1, Stainless steels - Part 1: List of stainless steels
EN 14297:2004, Chimneys - Freeze-thaw resistance test method for chimney products
EN ISO 6946, Building components and building elements - Thermal resistance and thermal transmittance
- Calculation method (ISO 6946)
EN ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials - Calibration and verification of static uniaxial testing machines - Part
1: Tension/compression testing machines - Calibration and verification of the force-measuring system (ISO
7500-1)
ISO 2859-1, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes — Part 1: Sampling schemes indexed by
acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1443:2003 and the following
apply.
3.1
nominal size
numerical designation of size which is a convenient round number equal to or approximately equal to
either:
a) the internal diameter in millimetres of circular flue liners;
b) the internal width in millimetres of square flue liners;
c) the internal width and breadth in millimetres of the cross section of rectangular flue liners
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3.2
nominal height
numerical designation of the internal height in millimetres of a straight flue liner which is a convenient
round number approximately equal to the internal height of the flue liner
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.

Key
1 internal height
Figure 1 — Internal height
3.3
nominal angle of curvature
angle subtended in degrees by a curved flue liner at the centre of the curve
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.

Key
1 angle of curvature
2 curved flue liner
Figure 2 — Angle of curvature
3.4
wet operating condition
condition when the inner liner is designed to operate normally with the temperature of the inner
surface of the flue liner at and below the water dew point
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3.5
dry operating condition
condition when the inner liner is designed to operate normally with the temperature of the inner
surface of the flue liner above the water dew point
4 Flue liners and openings
4.1 Flue liner cross-sections
Flue liners shall be either:
a) circular or square in cross-section with rebated or spigot and socket ends;
b) square or rectangular in cross-section with rebated ends and rounded internal corners;
c) circular, square or rectangular in cross-section with butt joints and jointed with a sleeve;
d) circular or square in cross-section with taper joints.

Square Rectangular Circular Wall with vertical
perforations
Figure 3 — Examples of cross-section configuration

Rebated Spigot and socket Sleeve Tapered
Figure 4 — Joint configuration
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4.2 Inspection openings and chimney junctions
Inspection openings are used for inspection and cleaning of the inner liners of chimneys and for soot
removal and shall meet the requirements of flue liners as appropriate.
Chimney junctions are used to connect flues from heat appliances to chimneys. Chimney junctions are
purpose-made tee-pieces or inner liner sections with an opening to which branches are fitted. The
branch angles can be 45° to 95° (α in Figure 5). At the position of junctions, the outer walls have
corresponding openings.
Chimney junctions should have the same cross-sectional area as the flue liner. Reductions and
expansions are acceptable provided that the resistance to the exhaust gases is not increased.

Figure 5 — Examples of inspection openings and chimney junctions
5 Types of flue liner
There are four main types of clay/ceramic flue liner dependent on working temperature, with sub-
classes dependent on whether the flue liners are to be used in chimneys designed to work under
negative or positive pressure or are to have soot fire resistance. The types, working temperatures, test
pressures and maximum leakage rates are given in Table 1. The suitability of each type of flue liner to
be used in chimneys designed to operate under negative or positive pressure is also given.
NOTE A flue liner can be designated in one or more types provided that it complies with the appropriate
requirements for each type.
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Table 1 — Types of clay/ceramic flue liners operating under dry conditions, air test pressures
and maximum leakage rates after thermal testing
Soot fire Maximum
Temperature Pressure Test pressure
Types of flue
resistance leakage rate
liner
Class Class Pa
3 −1 −2 −3
Class m s m ·10
A1 N 600 Negative Yes (G) 20 3
A1 N1 600 Negative Yes (G) 40 2
A2 N 600 Negative No (O) 20 3
A2 N1 600 Negative No (O) 40 2
A2 P1 600 Positive No (O) 200 0,006
B1 N 400 Negative Yes (G) 20 3
B1 N1 400 Negative Yes (G) 40 2
B2 N 400 Negative No (O) 20 3
B2 N1 400 Negative No (O) 40 2
B2 P1 400 Positive No (O) 200 0,006
C2 N 300 Negative No (O) 20 3
C2 N1 300 Negative No (O) 40 2
C2P1 300 Positive No (O) 200 0,006
D1 N 200 Negative No (O) 20 3
D1 N1 200 Negative No (O) 40 2
D1 P1 200 Positive No (O) 200 0,006
6 Materials
Flue liners shall be manufactured from suitable clay/ceramic material which, when fired, meet the
performance requirements given in this European Standard.
Flue liners may be unglazed or glazed on the interior and/or exterior. When glazed, they need not be
glazed on the jointing surfaces.
7 Tolerances on dimensions
7.1 Transverse dimension
When tested in accordance with 16.1, the internal diameter of circular flue liners measured on any
diameter shall not deviate more than ± 3 % of the manufacturer’s stated nominal internal diameter.
The internal width or breadth of square or rectangular section flue liners shall not deviate more
than ± 3 % of the manufacturer's stated nominal internal length of the side.
7.2 Height
When tested in accordance with 16.2, the height of a flue liner shall not deviate more than ± 3 % on the
manufacturer’s stated nominal height subject to a maximum value of 20 mm.
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7.3 Angle of curvature
When tested in accordance with 16.3, the angle of curvature of curved flue liners shall not deviate more
than ± 5° on the manufacturer’s stated nominal curvature.
7.4 Straightness
When tested in accordance with 16.4, the permissible deviation from straightness of straight flue liners
shall be 1 % of the test length.
7.5 Squareness of ends
When tested in accordance with 16.5, the permissible deviation from square of the ends of straight flue
liners, shall be not greater than an angle of slope 30 mm/m.
7.6 Deviation from shape of cross section
When tested in accordance with 16.6, the permissible deviation from square of the angles of, and
flatness of walls for square or rectangular shape straight flue liners, shall be not greater than 5 % of the
manufacturer’s stated nominal internal width or breadth.
7.7 Geometry of joints
The design and dimensions of the joints shall be as specified by the manufacturer to provide an
adequate joint.
8 Proof load
8.1 Straight flue liners
When tested in accordance with 16.7, straight flue liners shall withstand an intensity of loading of
10 MN/m .
8.2 Curved flue liners
Where curved flue liners are fired in a plant alongside straight flue liners, using the same materials and
firing process, the proof load of these curved flue liners is deemed to be that of the straight flue liners
when tested in accordance with 16.7.
If curved flue liners are not normally fired alongside straight flue liners, straight flue liners or short
lengths of straight flue liners made for test purposes, using the same materials and firing process as for
curved flue liners, shall be tested for compliance with the requirements of 8.1.
8.3 Minimum load for inspection opening sections
The maximum height of the chimney shall be determined and declared according to the test described
in 16.7.
The following equation shall be used:
F = χ⋅H·G/100 (1)
where
F is the minimum load in kilonewtons;
χ is the safety factor = 5;
H is the height of chimney in metres;
G is the weight per metre in kilograms per metre.
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9 Gas tightness /leakage, thermal resistance and soot fire resistance for straight
flue liners
9.1 Initial test
Prior to thermal testing a test flue constructed in accordance with 16.8.3 with N1 and N liners shall
3 -1. −2 −3
have a leakage rate not greater than 2 m s m × 10 of internal surface area tested at a differential
pressure of (40 ± 2) Pa when tested as described in 16.8.5.
Prior to thermal testing a test flue constructed in accordance with 16.8.3 with P1 liners shall have a
3. -1. -2. −3
leakage rate not greater than 0,006 m s m x 10 of internal surface area tested at a differential
pressure of (200 ± 10) Pa when tested as described in 16.8.5.
Where chimney fittings are fired in a plant alongside straight flue liners using the same material and
firing process, the gas tightness/leakage, thermal shock resistance and soot fire resistance shall be
deemed to be that of straight flue liners when tested in accordance with 16.8.3.
If the chimney fittings are not normally fired alongside straight flue liners, straight flue liners or short
lengths of straight flue liner shall be made for test purposes using the same material and firing process
as for chimney fittings shall be tested for complying with 9.2.1.
9.2 Final gas tightness after testing
9.2.1 General
When flue liners are tested for soot fire resistance, thermal shock testing need not be carried out.
9.2.2 Final gas tightness after sootfire testing
When tested in accordance with 16.8 flue liners A1 and B1 shall have a leakage rate after sootfire
testing not greater than the values given in Table 3 for the appropriate type of flue liner, test
temperature and differential pressure. Flue liners shall be tested with insulation as described in 16.8.3
or they shall be tested without insulation. If they are tested without insulation they shall be marked
accordingly.
If they are tested with insulation, declare “tested with insulation” i ;
If they are tested without insulation, declare “tested without insulation” i
The precision for the appropriate testing differential pressure is that given in 9.1.
9.2.3 Final gas tightness after thermal shock testing
When tested in accordance with 16.8 flue liners not included in 9.2 shall have a leakage rate after
thermal shock testing not greater than the values given in Table 3 for the appropriate type of flue liner,
test temperature and differential pressure. Flue liners shall be tested with insulation as described in
16.8.3 or they shall be tested without insulation. If they are tested without insulation they shall be
marked accordingly.
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Table 2 — Test temperature, test pressure and leakage rates
Test pressure Maximum leakage rate
Type of flue liner Test temperature °C
3. -1. -2. −3
Pa m s m 10
A1 N 1 000 20 3
A1 N1 1 000 40 2
A2 N 700 20 3
A2 N1 700 40 2
A2 P1 700 200 0,006
B1 N 1 000 20 3
B1 N1 1 000 40 2
B2 N 500 20 3
B2 N1 500 40 2
B2 P1 500 200 0,006
C2 N2 350 20 3
C2 N1 350 40 2
C2 P1 350 200 0,006
D1 N 250 20 3
D1 N1 250 40 2
D1 P1 250 200 0,006
10 Durability
10.1 Corrosion resistance
When tested in accordance with 16.9, the mass loss from any test piece shall not exceed a mass loss of
5 %.
NOTE This is an accelerated test to represent a corrosion resistance and practical installed life of at least
100 years.
10.2 Freeze/Thaw resistance
Where national regulations require freeze/thaw resistance of flue liners, they shall be tested according
to EN 14297. The product shall not present any damage of type 7, 8, 9 and 10 in accordance with
EN 14297:2004, Table 1.
11 Water absorption and bulk density
11.1 General
The flue liner body shall be tested for either water absorption or bulk density for production control.
11.2 Water absorption
When tested in accordance with 16.10, the mean water absorption values expressed as a percentage of
five samples shall not vary more than ± 2,5 % from the mean value obtained from the last type test.
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11.3 Bulk density
When tested in accordance with 16.11, the mean bulk density of five samples shall not vary more
than ± 100 kg/m from the mean value obtained from the last type test.
12 Abrasion resistance
When tested in accordance with 16.12, the mass of any material dislodged shall not exceed 0,03 kg/m
of the total exposed area of the inner surface of the flue.
13 Flow resistance
Where required, the mean roughness of flue liners shall be declared according to Annex C.
14 Thermal resistance
The values of thermal resistance of flue liners shall be declared by the manufacturer for a flue
temperature of 200 °C. The reference calculation method for flue liners without cavities shall be as
given in B.1, and the reference calculation method for flue liners with cavities shall be as given in B.2.
15 Assessment and verification of constancy of performance – AVCP
15.1 General
The compliance of the clay/ceramic flue liners operating under dry conditions with the requirements of
this standard and with the performances declared by the manufacturer in the DoP shall be
demonstrated by:
— Determination of the product type
— Factory production control by the manufacturer, including product assessment.
The manufacturer shall always retain the overall control and shall have the necessary means to take
responsibility for the conformity of the product with its declared performance(s).
15.2 Type testing
15.2.1 General
All performances related to characteristics included in this standard shall be determined when the
manufacturer intends to declare the respective performances unless the standard gives provisions for
declaring them without performing tests. (e.g. use of previously existing data, CWFT and conventionally
accepted performance).
Assessment previously performed in accordance with the provisions of this standard, may be taken into
account provided that they were made to the same or a more rigorous test method, under the same
AVCP system on the same product or products of similar design, construction and functionality, such
that the results are applicable to the product in question.
— For the purposes of assessment, the manufacturer's products may be grouped into families, where
it is considered that the results for one or more characteristics from any one product within the
family are representative for that same characteristics for all products within that same family
NOTE Products may be grouped in different families for different characteristics.
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Reference to the assessment method standards should be made to allow the selection of a suitable
representative sample.
In addition, the determination of the product type shall be performed for all characteristics included in
the standard for which the manufacturer declares the performance:
— at the beginning of the production of a new or modified the clay/ceramic flue liners operating
under dry conditions (unless a member of the same product range), or
— at the beginning of a new or modified method of production (where this may affect the stated
properties); or
they shall be repeated for the appropriate characteristic(s), whenever a change occurs in the the
clay/ceramic flue liners operating under dry conditions design, in the raw material or in the supplier of
the components, or in the method of production (subject to the definition of a family), which would
affect significantly one or more of the characteristics.
Where components are used whose characteristics have already been determined, by the component
manufacturer, on the basis of assessment methods of other product standards, these characteristics
need not be re-assessed. The specifications of these components shall be documented.
Products bearing regulatory marking in accordance with appropriate harmonized European
specifications may be presumed to have the performances declared in the DoP, although this does not
replace the responsibility on the the clay/ceramic flue liners operating under dry conditions
manufacturer to ensure that the the clay/ceramic flue liners operating under dry conditions as a whole
is correctly manufactured and its component products have the declared performance values.
15.2.2 Test samples, testing and compliance criteria
The number of samples of the clay/ceramic flue liners operating under dry conditions to be
tested/assessed shall be in accordance with Table A.
Table 3 — Number of samples to be tested and compliance criteria Type Testing for Straight flue
liners
Assessment
Characteristic Requirement No. of samples Compliance criteria
method
Compressive 8.1 16.7 See 16.7 8.1
strength
gas tightness 9.2 16.8 See 16.8 7.2
Corrosion resistance 10.1 16.9 See 16.9 10.1
Freeze/Thaw 10.2 10.2 See 10.2 7.5
resistance
Abrasion resistance 12 16.12 See 16.12 12
Flow resistance 13 See Annex C See Annex C 13
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Table 4 — Number of samples to be tested and compliance criteria Type Testing for Flue liner
bends
Assessment
Characteristic Requirement No. of samples Compliance criteria
method
Compressive 8.2 16.7 See 16.7 8.2
strength
Corrosion resistance 10.1 16.9 See 16.9 10.1
Freeze/Thaw 10.2 10.2 See 10.2 7.5
resistance
Table 5 — Number of samples to be tested and compliance criteria Type Testing for Opening
section
Assessment
Characteristic Requirement No. of samples Compliance criteria
method
Compressive 8.3 16.7 See 16.7 8.3
strength
Sampling and testing of any batch shall be completed prio
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