EN ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2025

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2025
Dodajalna izdelava kovinskih izdelkov - Okolje, zdravje in varnost - 1. del:
Varnostne zahteve za stroje za spajanje prahu na podlagi z laserskim žarkom
(PBF-LB) (ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2025)
Additive manufacturing of metals - Environment, health and safety - Part 1: Safety
requirements for PBF-LB machines (ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2025)
Additive Fertigung von Metallen - Umwelt, Gesundheit und Sicherheit - Teil 1:
Sicherheitsanforderungen für PBF-LB-Maschinen (ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2025)
Fabrication additive de métaux - Environnement, hygiène et sécurité - Partie 1:
Exigences de sécurité pour les machines PBF-LB (ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2025)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2025
ICS:
13.100 Varnost pri delu. Industrijska Occupational safety.
higiena Industrial hygiene
13.110 Varnost strojev Safety of machinery
25.030 3D-tiskanje Additive manufacturing
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO/ASTM 52938-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
July 2025
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 25.030; 13.100; 13.110
English Version
Additive manufacturing of metals - Environment, health
and safety - Part 1: Safety requirements for PBF-LB
machines (ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2025)
Fabrication additive de métaux - Environnement, Additive Fertigung von Metallen - Umwelt, Gesundheit
hygiène et sécurité - Partie 1: Exigences de sécurité und Sicherheit - Teil 1: Sicherheitsanforderungen für
pour les machines PBF-LB (ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2025) PBF-LB-Maschinen (ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2025)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 May 2025.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2025 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2025 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered . 4

European foreword
This document (EN ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2025) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 261
"Additive manufacturing" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 438 “Additive
Manufacturing” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2026, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by January 2026.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a standardization request addressed to CEN by the European
Commission. The Standing Committee of the EFTA States subsequently approves these requests for its
Member States.
For the relationship with EU Legislation, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2025 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2025
without any modification.
Annex ZA
(informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered
This European Standard has been prepared under a Commission’s standardization request “M/396
Mandate to CEN and CENELEC for Standardisation in the field of machinery" to provide one voluntary
means of conforming to essential requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament
and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on machinery, and amending Directive 95/16/EC (recast).
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive,
compliance with the normative clauses of this standard given in Table ZA.1 confers, within the limits of
the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements
of that Directive, and associated EFTA regulations.
Table ZA.1 — Correspondence between this European Standard and Annex I of Directive
2006/42/EC
The relevant Essential Clause(s)/ subclause(s) of this Remarks/Notes
Requirements of Directive EN
2006/42/EC
1.1.2 (a) 4, 5, 6
1.1.2. (c) 4, 5, 6
1.1.2. (d) 4, 5, 6
1.1.2. (e) 4, 5, 6
1.1.3. Materials and products 4.11, 4.12
1.1.5. Design of machinery to
4.3.1, 4.11, 4.12
facilitate its handling
1.1.6. Ergonomics 4.12
1.2.1. Safety and reliability of 4.2.4, 4.2.4.1, 4.2.4.7, 4.2.4.8,
control systems 4.2.4.9, 4.11
1.2.2. Control devices 4.2.3, 4.2.4, 4.12
1.2.3. Starting 4.2.4.2
1.2.4.1. Normal stop 4.2.4.4
1.2.4.3. Emergency stop 4.2.4.5
1.2.5. Selection of control or 4.2.4.1, 4.2.4.7, 4.2.4.8, 4.2.4.9,
operating modes 4.3.2.1.2, 4.12
1.2.6. Failure of the power supply 4.2.4.2, 4.14
1.3.1. Risk of loss of stability 4.3.1
1.3.7. Risks related to moving
4.3.2
parts
The relevant Essential Clause(s)/ subclause(s) of this Remarks/Notes
Requirements of Directive EN
2006/42/EC
1.3.8. Choice of protection against
4.2.2
risks arising from moving parts
1.4. Required characteristics of
4.2
guards and protective devices
1.4.1. General requirements 4.2.1
1.4.2. Special requirements for
4.2.2
guards
1.4.2.1. Fixed guards 4.2.2.1
1.4.2.2. Interlocking movable
4.2.2.2
guards
1.4.3. Special requirements for
4.2.2.3
protective devices
1.5.1. Electricity supply 4.4.1, 4.5
1.5.2. Static electricity 4.4.2
1.5.3. Energy supply other than
4.9, 4.10
electricity
1.5.5. Extreme temperatures 4.5
1.5.6. Fire 4.11.3
1.5.7. Explosion 4.11.3
1.5.8. Noise 4.7, Annex C
1.5.9. Vibrations 4.6
1.5.11. External radiation 4.2.4.1
1.5.12. Laser radiation 4.8
1.5.13. Emissions of hazardous
4.11
materials and substances
1.5.15. Risk of slipping, tripping
4.3.3
or falling
1.6.1. Machinery maintenance 4.11, 6.2
1.6.2. Access to operating 4.11, 4.2.4.8, 4.3.3, 4.4.1, 4.5, 4.6,
positions and servicing points 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 4.10
1.6.3. Isolation of energy sources 4.4.1, 4.8, 4.9, 4.10, 4.13
4.2.4, 4.3.2, 4.5, 4.7, 4.11, 4.11.2,
1.6.4. Operator intervention
4.11.4, 6.2
1.6.5. Cleaning of internal parts 4.11.1, 6.2
1.7.1. Information and warnings
6, 7
on the machinery
The relevant Essential Clause(s)/ subclause(s) of this Remarks/Notes
Requirements of Directive EN
2006/42/EC
1.7.1.1. Information and
4.2.3, 6.1
information devices
1.7.2. Warning of residual risks 6, 7
1.7.3. Marking of machinery 7
1.7.4. Instructions 6
1.7.4.1. General principles for the
6.1
drafting of instructions
1.7.4.2. Contents of the
6, Annex C
instructions
1.7.4.3. Sales literature Annex C, C.9
WARNING 1 Presumption of conformity stays valid only as long as a reference to this European
Standard is maintained in the list published in the Official Journal of the European Union. Users of this
standard should consult frequently the latest list published in the Official Journal of the European
Union.
WARNING 2 Other Union legislation may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of
this standard.
Table ZA.2 — Normative references from Clause 2 of this document and their corresponding
European publications
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4
Reference in International
Title Corresponding European
Clause 2 Standard Edition
Standard Edition
Additive manufacturing —
ISO/ASTM 52900: ISO/ASTM 52900:2 General principles —
EN ISO/ASTM 52900:2021
2021 021 Fundamentals and
vocabulary
Acoustics — Determination
of sound power levels and
sound energy levels of noise
sources using sound
ISO 3744:2010 ISO 3744:2010 EN ISO 3744:2010
pressure — Engineering
methods for an essentially
free field over a reflecting
plane
Acoustics — Determination
of sound power levels and
sound energy levels of noise
ISO 3746:2010 ISO 3746:2010 EN ISO 3746:2010
sources using sound
pressure — Survey method
using an enveloping
measurement surface over a
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4
Reference in International
Title Corresponding European
Clause 2 Standard Edition
Standard Edition
reflecting plane
Hydraulic fluid power —
General rules and safety
ISO 4413:2010 ISO 4413:2010 EN ISO 4413:2010
requirements for systems
and their components
Pneumatic fluid power —
General rules and safety
ISO 4414:2010 ISO 4414:2010 EN ISO 4414:2010
requirements for systems
and their components
Acoustics — Declaration
and verification of noise
ISO 4871:1996 ISO 4871:1996 EN ISO 4871:2009
emission values of
machinery and equipment
Acoustics — Noise emitted
by machinery and
equipment —
Determination of emission
sound pressure levels at a
ISO 11201:2010 ISO 11201:2010 work station and at other EN ISO 11201:2010
specified positions in an
essentially free field over a
reflecting plane with
negligible environmental
corrections
Acoustics — Noise emitted
by machinery and
equipment —
Determination of emission
ISO 11202:2010 ISO 11202:2010 sound pressure levels at a EN ISO 11202:2010
work station and at other
specified positions applying
approximate environmental
corrections
Safety of machinery —
ISO 11553-1
Laser processing machines
ISO 11553-1:2020 EN ISO 11553-1:2020
— Part 1: Laser safety
:2020
requirements
Acoustics — Recommended
practice for the design of
ISO/TR 11688- ISO/TR 11688-
low-noise machinery and EN ISO 11688-1:2009
1:1995 1:1995
equipment — Part 1:
planning
Safety of machinery —
ISO 12100:2010 ISO 12100:2010 EN ISO 12100:2010
General principles for
design — Risk assessment
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4
Reference in International
Title Corresponding European
Clause 2 Standard Edition
Standard Edition
and risk reduction
Safety of machinery —
Safety-related parts of
ISO 13849-
ISO 13849 1:2023 control systems — Part 1: EN ISO 13849-1:2023
1:2023
General principles for
design
Safety of machinery —
ISO 13849- Safety-related parts of
ISO 13849-2:2012 EN ISO 13849 2:2012
2:2012 control systems — Part 2:
Validation
Safety of machinery —
ISO 13850:2015 ISO 13850:2015 Emergency stop function — EN ISO 13850:2015
Principles for design
Safety of machinery —
Positioning of safeguards
ISO 13855:2024 ISO 13855:2024 with respect to the EN ISO 13855:2024
approach of the human
body
Safety of machinery —
ISO 14118:2017 ISO 14118:2017 Prevention of unexpected EN ISO 14118:2018
start-up
Safety of machinery —
Interlocking devices
ISO 14119:2024 ISO 14119:2024 associated with guards — EN ISO 14119:2024
Principles for design and
selection
Safety of machinery —
Guards — General
ISO 14120:2015 ISO 14120:2015 requirements for the design EN ISO 14120:2015
and construction of fixed
and movable guards
Safety of machinery —
Permanent means of access
ISO 14122- to machinery — Part 1:
ISO 14122-1:2016 EN ISO 14122-1:2016
1:2016 Choice of fixed means and
general requirements of
access
Safety of machinery —
ISO 20607:2019 ISO 20607:2019 Instruction handbook — EN ISO 20607:2019
General drafting principles
Explosive atmospheres -
ISO 80079- ISO 80079-
Part 36: Non-electrical
EN ISO 80079-36:2016
36:2016 36:2016
equipment for explosive
atmospheres - Basic method
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4
Reference in International
Title Corresponding European
Clause 2 Standard Edition
Standard Edition
and requirements
Explosive atmospheres -
IEC 60079-0:2017 IEC 60079-0:2017 Part 0: Equipment - General EN IEC 60079-0:2018
requirements
Safety of machinery —
Electrical equipment of
IEC 60204-1:2016 IEC 60204-1:2016 EN 60204-1:2018
machines — Part 1: General
requirements
Degrees of protection
IEC 60529:1989 IEC 60529:1989 provided by enclosures (IP EN 60529:1991
Code)
Safety of laser products —
Part 1: Equipment
IEC 60825-1:2014 IEC 60825-1:2014 EN 60825-1:2014
classification and
requirements
Safety of laser products —
IEC 60825-4:2022 IEC 60825-4:2022 EN 60825-4:2024
Part 4: Laser guards
Generic standards -
IEC 61000-6- IEC 61000-6-
Immunity standard for EN IEC 61000-6-2:2019
2:2016 2:2016
industrial environments
Safety of machinery —
Indication, marking and
IEC 61310-1:2007 IEC 61310-1:2007 actuation — Part 1: EN 61310-1:2008
Requirements for visual,
acoustic and tactile signals
Safety of machinery —
Electro-sensitive protective
IEC 61496-1:2020 IEC 61496-1:2020 equipment — Part 1: EN IEC 61496-1:2020
General requirements and
tests
Safety of machinery —
Electro-sensitive protective
equipment — Part 2:
IEC 61496-2:2020 IEC 61496-2:2020 Particular requirements for EN IEC 61496-2:2020
equipment using active
opto-electronic protective
devices (AOPDs)
Safety of machinery —
Electro-sensitive protective
equipment — Part 3:
IEC 61496-3:2018 IEC 61496-3:2018 EN IEC 61496-3:2019
Particular requirements for
active opto-electronic
protective devices
responsive to diffuse
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4
Reference in International
Title Corresponding European
Clause 2 Standard Edition
Standard Edition
Reflection (AOPDDR)
Adjustable speed electrical
IEC 61800-5- IEC 61800-5- power drive systems —
EN 61800-5-2:2017
2:2016 2:2016 Part 5-2: Safety
requirements — Functional
Safety requirements for
power electronic converter
IEC 62477-1:2022 IEC 62477-1:2022 EN IEC 62477-1:2023
systems and equipment —
Part 1: General
The documents listed in the Column 1 of Table [ZA.2], in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in
this document, i.e. are indispensable for its application. The achievement of the presumption of
conformity is subject to the application of the edition of Standards as listed in Column 4 or, if no
European Standard Edition exists, the International Standard Edition given in Column 2 of Table [ZA.2].
WARNING 1 Presumption of conformity stays valid only as long as a reference to this European
Standard is maintained in the list published in the Official Journal of the European Union. Users of this
standard should consult frequently the latest list published in the Official Journal of the European
Union.
WARNING 2 Other Union legislation may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of
this standard.
International
Standard
ISO/ASTM 52938-1
First edition
Additive manufacturing of metals —
2025-05
Environment, health and safety —
Part 1:
Safety requirements for PBF-LB
machines
Fabrication additive de métaux — Environnement, hygiène et
sécurité —
Partie 1: Exigences de sécurité pour les machines PBF-LB
Reference number
ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2025(en) © ISO/ASTM International 2025

ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2025(en)
© ISO/ASTM International 2025
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
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Published in Switzerland
© ISO/ASTM International 2025 – All rights reserved
ii
ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2025(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 3
4 Safety requirements and measures. 3
4.1 General .3
4.2 Protective measures .3
4.2.1 General .3
4.2.2 Safeguards .3
4.2.3 Control devices.4
4.2.4 Control systems .4
4.3 Protection against mechanical hazards.7
4.3.1 Stability .7
4.3.2 Moving parts .7
4.3.3 Protection against slipping, tripping or falling .8
4.4 Protection against electrical hazards .8
4.4.1 General .8
4.4.2 Protection from electrostatic phenomena .8
4.5 Protection against thermal hazards .8
4.6 Vibration reduction measures .9
4.7 Noise reduction measures .9
4.8 Protection against laser radiation hazards .10
4.9 Protection against pneumatic hazards .10
4.10 Protection against hydraulic hazards.10
4.11 Protection against hazards generated by materials and substances .10
4.11.1 Metal powder handling and recovery.10
4.11.2 Particles during part removal from powder bed and post-processing .11
4.11.3 Explosion and fire hazards.11
4.11.4 Hazards generated by inert gases . 13
4.12 Protection against ergonomic hazards . 13
4.13 Hazards generated by overpressure . 13
4.14 Hazards generated by failure of power supply . 13
5 Verification of safety requirements and/or measures . 14
5.1 General .14
5.2 Verification based on noise emission values . 15
6 Information for use .16
6.1 General .16
6.2 Cleaning and maintenance .16
6.3 Handling .17
7 Marking . . 17
Annex A (informative) List of significant hazards . 19
Annex B (normative) Overview of required performance level (PLr) .23
Annex C (normative) Noise test code.24
Bibliography .29

© ISO/ASTM International 2025 – All rights reserved
iii
ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2025(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 261, Additive manufacturing, in cooperation
with ASTM Committee F42, Additive Manufacturing Technologies, on the basis of a partnership agreement
between ISO and ASTM International with the aim to create a common set of ISO/ASTM standards on
additive manufacturing, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical
Committee CEN/TC 438, Additive manufacturing, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation
between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

© ISO/ASTM International 2025 – All rights reserved
iv
ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2025(en)
Introduction
The ISO/ASTM 52938 series provides technical safety requirements for the design and manufacturing of
additive manufacturing (AM) machinery for use in the industry. It concerns designers, manufacturers,
suppliers and importers of the machines specified in the Scope. It also includes a list of informative items
that the manufacturer will need to give to the user.
Environment, health and safety requirements for use of AM machines using metallic feedstocks are
addressed in ISO/ASTM 52931:2023.
This document is a type-C standard as stated in ISO 12100:2010.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events are
covered are indicated in the Scope of this document.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or type-B
standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the other
standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this type-C
standard.
© ISO/ASTM International 2025 – All rights reserved
v
International Standard ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2025(en)
Additive manufacturing of metals — Environment, health and
safety —
Part 1:
Safety requirements for PBF-LB machines
1 Scope
This document deals with the technical requirements and the means for their verification for additive
manufacturing (AM) machines using a bed of metallic powder, pyrophoric feedstock excluded, and a laser
herein designated as machine.
This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events during all phases
of the life of the machine (ISO 12100:2010, 5.4), as listed in Annex A, caused by AM machines using a bed of
metallic powder and a laser when used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably
foreseeable by the manufacturer.
This document does not deal with hazards which can occur:
— during the design and construction phase of the laser beam powder ped fusion (PBF-LB) machine itself;
— operating in potentially explosive atmospheres.
This document does not apply to technologies other than AM metals PBF-LB.
This document is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/ASTM 52900:2021, Additive manufacturing — General principles — Fundamentals and vocabulary
ISO 3744:2010, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using
sound pressure — Engineering methods for an essentially free field over a reflecting plane
ISO 3746:2010, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using
sound pressure — Survey method using an enveloping measurement surface over a reflecting plane
ISO 4413:2010, Hydraulic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for systems and their components
ISO 4414:2010, Pneumatic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components
ISO 4871:1996, Acoustics — Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and equipment
ISO 11201:2010, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Determination of emission sound
pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions in an essentially free field over a reflecting
plane with negligible environmental corrections

© ISO/ASTM International 2025 – All rights reserved
ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2025(en)
ISO 11202:2010, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Determination of emission
sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions applying approximate environmental
corrections
ISO 11553-1:2020, Safety of machinery — Laser processing machines — Part 1: Laser safety requirements
ISO/TR 11688-1:1995, Acoustics — Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and equipment
— Part 1: Planning
ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction
ISO 13849-1:2023, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General principles
for design
ISO 13849-2:2012, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 2: Validation
ISO 13850:2015, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop function — Principles for design
ISO 13855:2024, Safety of machinery — Positioning of safeguards with respect to the approach of the human body
ISO 14118:2017, Safety of machinery — Prevention of unexpected start-up
ISO 14119:2024, Safety of machinery — Interlocking devices associated with guards — Principles for design and
selection
ISO 14120:2015, Safety of machinery — Guards — General requirements for the design and construction of fixed
and movable guards
ISO 14122-1:2016, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 1: Choice of fixed
means and general requirements of access
ISO 20607:2019, Safety of machinery — Instruction handbook — General drafting principles
ISO 80079-36:2016, Explosive atmospheres — Part 36: Non-electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres —
Basic method and requirements
IEC 60079-0:2017, Explosive atmospheres - Part 0: Equipment - General requirements
IEC 60204-1:2016, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General requirements
IEC 60529:1989, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
IEC 60825-1:2014, Safety of laser products — Part 1: Equipment classification and requirements
IEC 60825-4:2022, Safety of laser products — Part 4: Laser guards
IEC 61000-6-2:2016, Generic standards - Immunity standard for industrial environments
IEC 61310-1:2007, Safety of machinery — Indication, marking and actuation — Part 1: Requirements for visual,
acoustic and tactile signals
IEC 61496-1:2020, Safety of machinery — Electro-sensitive protective equipment — Part 1: General requirements
and tests (all parts)
IEC 61496-2:2020, Safety of machinery — Electro-sensitive protective equipment — Part 2: Particular
requirements for equipment using active opto-electronic protective devices (AOPDs)
IEC 61496-3:2018, Safety of machinery — Electro-sensitive protective equipment — Part 3: Particular
requirements for active opto-electronic protective devices responsive to diffuse Reflection (AOPDDR)
IEC 61800-5-2:2016, Adjustable speed electrical power drive systems — Part 5-2: Safety requirements —
Functional
IEC 62477-1:2022, Safety requirements for power electronic converter systems and equipment — Part 1: General

© ISO/ASTM International 2025 – All rights reserved
ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2025(en)
EN 614-1:2006+A1:2009, Safety of machinery — Ergonomic design principles — Part 1: Terminology and
general principles
EN 894-2:1997+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and control
actuators — Part 2: Displays
EN 1005-2:2003+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Human physical performance — Part 2: Manual handling of
machinery and component parts of machinery
EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Human physical performance — Part 3: Recommended force
limits for machinery operation
EN 1127-1:2019, Explosive atmospheres - Explosion prevention and protection - Part 1: Basic concepts and
methodology
EN 14034-4:2004+A1:2011, Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds — Part 4: Determination
of the limiting oxygen concentration LOC of dust clouds
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12100, ISO 13849-1, IEC 60825-1
and ISO/ASTM 52900 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Safety requirements and measures
4.1 General
For a list of significant hazards related to a machine see Annex A.
The machine shall comply with the protective and/or risk reduction requirements of this document. In
addition, equipment and systems shall be designed in accordance with the principles of ISO 12100:2010 for
relevant, but non-significant, hazards which are not covered by this document.
Safety requirements and/or measures shall be verified according to Clause 5.
4.2 Protective measures
4.2.1 General
Machinery shall be designed and safeguarded in accordance with the specific requirements and/or
protective measures listed below.
Safeguards shall be positioned in accordance with ISO 13855:2024.
4.2.2 Safeguards
4.2.2.1 Fixed guards
Fixed guards shall be designed in accordance with ISO 12100:2010, 6.3.3.2.2 and ISO 14120:2015, 5.3. Guards
shall be chosen according with ISO 14120:2015, Clause 6, all further requirements for protective measures
are given in this clause.
© ISO/ASTM International 2025 – All rights reserved
ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2025(en)
4.2.2.2 Interlocking movable guards
4.2.2.2.1 General
If fitted, movable guards shall be designed in accordance with ISO 14120:2015, 5.3.12, and shall be
interlocked.
4.2.2.2.2 Movable guards with interlocking without guard locking
Guard interlocking without guard locking shall fulfil the principles of ISO 14119:2024, 5.2.
4.2.2.2.3 Movable guards with interlocking with guard locking
Guard interlocking with guard locking shall fulfil the principles of ISO 14119:2024, 5.3.
4.2.2.3 Electro-sensitive protective equipment (ESPE)
If electro-sensitive protective equipment (ESPE) is used in the machine, they shall be in conformity with
ISO 13855:2024. The ESPE shall be designed in accordance with IEC 61496-1:2020, IEC 61496-2:2020 and
IEC 61496-3:2018. Performance level for these ESPE shall be as given in Table B.1.
4.2.3 Control devices
The electrical hand-operated control devices of the machine, e.g. for start, normal stop, and, if fitted, for
programmable end stop, push button, shall be positioned on the front side of the main control panel fixed to
the front of the machine.
4.2.4 Control systems
4.2.4.1 General
For the design and implementation of any safety function, whether realized in electric, pneumatic, hydraulic
or mechanic technology, the appropriate requirements of ISO 13849-1:2023 apply.
Machine safety functions are implemented and assured through safety-related parts of the control system
(SRP/CS) that achieve a required performance level (PL ). This requirement shall be as given in Annex B.
r
Wherever a performance level is mentioned in this document, the requirements for the performance level
(PL) refer to ISO 13849-1:2023.
For SRP/CS as part of a safety component or protective device for which there is an existing related type-B
safety standard, all requirements of that standard apply.
The safety-related embedded software (SRESW) of the SRP/CS shall be in accordance with ISO 13849-1:2023,
7.1 and 7.3.
The safety-related application software (SRASW) of the SRP/CS shall be in accordance with ISO 13849-1:2023,
7.1 and 7.3.
SRP/CS shall be validated according to ISO 13849-1:2023, Clause 10 (see also ISO 13849-2:2012).
The environmental conditions to which SRP/CS are exposed, e.g. dust, fumes and/or gases, shall be taken
into account. The SRP/CS shall fulfil the environmental requirements of IEC 62477-1:2022.
The electromagnetic environment to which SRP/CS are exposed shall be taken into account. The SRP/CS
shall fulfil the requirements of IEC 61000-6-2:2016.

© ISO/ASTM International 2025 – All rights reserved
ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2025(en)
4.2.4.2 Start and restart
Before start or restart of the machine, all relevant safeguards shall be in place and operational. Start or
restart shall only be possible by actuation of the start control device provided for that purpose. Unintended
actuation shall be prevented.
The SRP/CS for prevention of unexpected start/restart and for interlocking arrangements shall meet the
requirements of ISO 14118:2017. For electrically operated machines, see IEC 60204-1:2016, 7.5 and 9.2.3.2.
4.2.4.3 Stop function
The stop function shall perform according to IEC 60204-1:2016, 9.2.2.
4.2.4.4 Normal stop
The machine shall be fitted with a stop control which, when activated, brings all machine actuators safely
to a stop.
If no emergency stop control is necessary, all normal stop control devices shall protrude and have no shroud.
For normal stop of PDS(SR) (power drive system, safety-related), IEC 61800-5-2:2016, 4.2.3.2 [safe torque
off (STO)] and IEC 61800-5-2:2016, 4.2.3.3 [safe stop 1 (SS1)] apply.
For machine actuators stopped in stop category 0, power shall be cut to these actuators (if fitted) unless STO
ac
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