EN ISO 19353:2016

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2016
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 13478:2002+A1:2008
Varnost strojev - Požarna varnost (ISO 19353:2015)
Safety of machinery - Fire prevention and fire protection (ISO 19353:2015)
Sicherheit von Maschinen - Brandschutz (ISO 19353:2015)
Sécurité des machines - Prévention et protection contre l'incendie (ISO 19353:2015)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 19353:2016
ICS:
13.110 Varnost strojev Safety of machinery
13.220.01 Varstvo pred požarom na Protection against fire in
splošno general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 19353
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
January 2016
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.110 Supersedes EN 13478:2001+A1:2008
English Version
Safety of machinery - Fire prevention and fire protection
(ISO 19353:2015)
Sécurité des machines - Prévention et protection Sicherheit von Maschinen - Brandschutz (ISO
contre l'incendie (ISO 19353:2015) 19353:2015)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 31 October 2015.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 19353:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC. 4

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 19353:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 199 "Safety of
machinery" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 114 “Safety of machinery” the
secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by July 2016.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
This document supersedes EN 13478:2001+A1:2008.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 19353:2015 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 19353:2016 without any modification.
Annex ZA
(informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential
Requirements of the New Approach Directive Machinery 2006/42/EC.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive and has
been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with Clauses 4 to 7
of this standard confers within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity
with Essential Requirements Annex I, 1.5.6 “Fire” of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations.
WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling
within the scope of this standard.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19353
Second edition
2015-12-15
Safety of machinery — Fire prevention
and fire protection
Sécurité des machines — Prévention et protection contre l’incendie
Reference number
ISO 19353:2015(E)
©
ISO 2015
ISO 19353:2015(E)
© ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

ISO 19353:2015(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Fire hazards . 5
4.1 General . 5
4.2 Combustible materials . 6
4.3 Oxidizers . 6
4.4 Ignition sources . 6
5 Strategy for fire risk assessment and risk reduction . 6
5.1 General . 6
5.2 Determination of the limits of the machinery . 9
5.3 Identification of fire hazards . 9
5.4 Risk estimation .10
5.5 Risk evaluation .11
5.6 Risk reduction .12
5.6.1 General.12
5.6.2 Inherently safe design measures .12
5.6.3 Safeguarding .13
5.6.4 Complementary protective measures .13
6 Procedure for the selection of complementary protective measures .14
6.1 General .14
6.1.1 Use of the procedure .14
6.1.2 Determination of the residual risk level .14
6.1.3 Specification of requirements for the choice of fire detection and fire
suppression system .15
6.1.4 Specification of safety and performance requirements .15
6.1.5 Selection of system parts and suitable fire-extinguishing agent .15
6.1.6 Decision on the need for further complementary protective measures .15
6.1.7 Validation .15
6.2 Selection of the fire prevention and protection system in relation to the expected
risk level .15
6.2.1 General.15
6.2.2 Injury to persons.15
6.2.3 Safety considerations .16
6.2.4 Selection of system parts .16
6.2.5 Selection of fire-extinguishing agent .16
6.2.6 Validation .17
7 Information for use .17
Annex A (informative) Examples of ignition sources .19
Annex B (informative) Examples of machines and their typical fire-related hazards .21
Annex C (informative) Example for the design of a fire suppression system integrated
in machinery .22
Annex D (informative) Example for the risk assessment and risk reduction of a machining
centre for the machining of metallic materials .23
Annex E (informative) Fire risk reduction measures .34
Bibliography .35
ISO 19353:2015(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 199, Safety of machinery.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 19353:2005), which has been
technically revised.
iv © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

ISO 19353:2015(E)
Introduction
The safety of machinery against fire involves fire prevention and fire protection and fire-fighting. In
general, as shown in Annex E, these include technical, structural, organizational and fire suppression
measures. Effective fire safety of machinery can require the implementation of a single measure or a
combination of measures.
Annex E provides an overview on fire risk reduction measures. This International Standard deals with
the measures shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 — Protective measures dealt with in ISO 19353
The structure of safety standards in the field of machinery is as follows.
a) type-A standards (basis standards) giving basic concepts, principle for design, and general
aspects that can be applied to machinery;
b) type-B standards (generic safety standards) dealing with one or more safety aspect(s), or one or
more type(s) of safeguards that can be used across a wide range of machinery:
— type-B1 standards on particular safety aspects (e.g. safety distances, surface temperature, noise);
— type-B2 standards on safeguards (e.g. two-hands controls, interlocking devices, pressure
sensitive devices, guards);
c) type-C standards (machinery safety standards) dealing with detailed safety requirements for a
particular machine or group of machines.
ISO 19353 is a type-B1 standard as stated in ISO 12100.
ISO 19353:2015(E)
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the
market players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organisations, market surveillance, etc.);
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document.
In addition, this document is intended for standardization bodies elaborating type-C standards.
The requirements of this document can be supplemented or modified by a type-C standard.
For machines that are covered by the scope of a type-C standard and that have been designed and built
according to the requirements of that standard, the requirements of that type-C standard take precedence.
vi © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19353:2015(E)
Safety of machinery — Fire prevention and fire protection
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies methods for identifying fire hazards resulting from machinery
and for performing a risk assessment.
It gives the basic concepts and methodology of protective measures for fire prevention and protection
to be taken during the design and construction of machinery. The measures consider the intended use
and reasonably foreseeable misuse of the machine.
It provides guidelines for consideration in reducing the risk of machinery fires to acceptable levels
through machine design, risk assessment and operator instructions.
This International Standard is not applicable to
— mobile machinery,
— machinery designed to contain controlled combustion processes (e.g. internal combustion engines,
furnaces), unless these processes can constitute the ignition source of a fire in other parts of the
machinery or outside of this,
— machinery used in potentially explosive atmospheres and explosion prevention and protection, and
— fire detection and suppression systems that are integrated in building fire safety systems.
It is also not applicable to machinery or machinery components manufactured before the date of its
publication.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction
ISO 13849-1, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General
principles for design
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12100 and the following apply.
3.1
combustibility
property of a material capable of burning
Note 1 to entry: Accurate assessment of the combustibility characteristics of a material will depend on the
operating conditions of the machinery and the form and physical state of the material (e.g. gaseous, liquid or
solid; solids chopped to form shavings or dust, or not).
Note 2 to entry: On the basis of their combustibility, materials can be classified into non-combustible, hardly
combustible, combustible and easily combustible materials. It is important not to mix up combustibility on the
one hand, and flammability or ignitability on the other. Consequently, flash points and ignition points do not
represent quantitative measures of combustibility.
ISO 19353:2015(E)
3.2
combustible
capable of being ignited or burned
[SOURCE: ISO 13943:2008, 4.43]
3.3
combustion
exothermic reaction of a substance with an oxidizing agent
Note 1 to entry: Combustion generally emits fire effluent accompanied by flames and/or glowing.
[SOURCE: ISO 13943:2008, 4.46]
3.4
damaging fire
fire that causes harm to people, buildings, machinery and/or environment
3.5
extinguishing opening
port in the machine housing, closed with a plug or flap that can be safely accessed with an
extinguishing device
Note 1 to entry: An extinguishing device, e.g. a hose or lance, can be used.
3.6
fire
self-supporting combustion that can occur as controlled combustion or uncontrolled
combustion
Note 1 to entry: Controlled combustion is deliberately arranged to provide an intended effect.
Note 2 to entry: Uncontrolled combustion is spreading uncontrolled in time and space.
Note 3 to entry: In the case of a combustion control failure, controlled combustion can lead to uncontrolled
combustion.
[SOURCE: ISO 13943:2008, 4.96 to 4.98, modified.]
3.7
fire alarm system
system that, by the use of sensors, detects the onset of fire and initiates a response
Note 1 to entry: Sensors can be designed to detect smoke, combustion gases, heat or flames.
3.8
fire-extinguishing agent
agent which is appropriate to extinguish fire by cooling below ignition temperature and/or by reducing
the oxidizer level
Note 1 to entry: The extinguishing agent can be gaseous, liquid or solid. Common extinguishing agents include
water, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, argon, chemical powder or foam.
3.9
fire hazard
physical object or condition with a potential for an undesirable consequence from fire
[SOURCE: ISO 13943:2008, 4.112]
2 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

ISO 19353:2015(E)
3.10
fire load
quantity of heat that can be released by the complete combustion of all the combustible materials in a
volume, including the facings of all bounding surfaces
Note 1 to entry: Fire load can be based on effective heat of combustion, gross heat combustion or net heat
combustion as required by the specifier.
Note 2 to entry: The word “load” can be used to denote force or power or energy. In this context, it is used to
denote energy.
Note 3 to entry: The typical units are kilojoules (kJ) and megajoules (MJ).
[SOURCE: ISO 13943:2008, 4.114]
3.11
fire prevention
measures to prevent the outbreak of a fire and/or to limit its effects
[SOURCE: ISO 8421-1:1987, 1.21]
3.12
fire protection
measures such as design features, systems, equipment, buildings or other structures to reduce danger
to persons and property by detecting, extinguishing or containing fires
[SOURCE: ISO 8421-1:1987, 1.23, modified — “measures such as” has been added to the original definition.]
3.13
fire risk
probability of a fire combined with a quantified measure of its consequence
[SOURCE: ISO 13943:2008, 4.124]
3.14
fire suppression system
technical system to fight a fire and to reduce the damaging effects of flames and heat
Note 1 to entry: Additional devices might be required to extinguish the fire.
3.15
flame
rapid, self-sustaining, sub-sonic propagation of combustion in a gaseous medium, usually with
emission of light
[SOURCE: ISO 13943:2008, 4.133]
3.16
flame retardant
substance added, or treatment applied, to a material in order to suppress or delay the appearance of a
flame and/or reduce its propagation rate
[SOURCE: ISO 13943:2008, 4.139, modified — The note has been deleted and “the flame-spread rate”
replaced with “its propagation rate”.]
3.17
flammability
ability of a material or product to burn with a flame under specified conditions
Note 1 to entry: Accurate assessment of the ignition characteristics of material will depend on the operating
conditions of the machinery.
[SOURCE: ISO 13943:2008, 4.151, modified — Note 1 to entry has been added.]
ISO 19353:2015(E)
3.18
glow
glowing combustion
combustion of a material in the solid phase without flame but with emission of light from the
combustion zone
[SOURCE: ISO 13943:2008, 4.169, modified — “glow” has been introduced as the preferred term.]
3.19
ignitability
ease of ignition
measure of the ease with which a test specimen can be ignited, under specified conditions
[SOURCE: ISO 13943:2008, 4.182, modified —Cross reference has been deleted.]
3.20
ignition
initiation of combustion
[SOURCE: ISO 13943:2008, 4.187, modified — Deprecated synonymous term “sustained ignition” has
been deleted.]
3.21
ignition energy
energy necessary to initiate combustion
3.22
ignition source
source of energy that initiates combustion
[SOURCE: ISO 13943:2008, 4.189]
3.23
low-emission metalworking fluid
metalworking fluid composed of low-evaporation base media and anti-mist additives
Note 1 to entry: Low-evaporation base media are base oils consisting of low-evaporation mineral oils, synthetic
esters and/or special liquids.
3.24
overheating
uncontrolled temperature increase
3.25
pre-fire alarm system
system that detects conditions that can lead to the potential onset of fire and initiates a response
Note 1 to entry: A response can be a trigger of an alarm signal or can initiate an automatic reaction.
Note 2 to entry: Sensors for these systems can detect heat due to friction, hot surfaces, loss of inerting, abnormal
changes of gas concentrations, failure of lubrication or cooling supply, etc.
3.26
required performance level
PLr
performance level (PL) applied in order to achieve the required risk reduction for each safety function
[SOURCE: ISO 13849-1:2006, 3.1.24, modified — Cross references have been deleted.]
4 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

ISO 19353:2015(E)
3.27
self-heating
rise in temperature in a material resulting from an exothermic reaction within the material
[SOURCE: ISO 13943:2008, 4.287]
3.28
self-ignition
spontaneous ignition resulting from self-heating
3.29
smoke
visible part of fire effluent
Note 1 to entry: For definition of fire effluent see ISO 13943:2008, 4.105.
[SOURCE: ISO 13943:2008, 4.2693, modified — Note 1 to entry has been added.]
4 Fire hazards
4.1 General
A fire hazard occurs if combustible materials (fuel), oxidizer (oxygen) and ignition energy (heat) are
available in sufficient quantities at the same place and at the same time. A fire is an interaction of these
three components in the form of an uninhibited chemical reaction (see Figure 2).
A fire can be prevented or suppressed by controlling or removing one or more of the components of the
fire tetrahedron.
Certain materials are inherently unstable, extraordinary oxidizers or capable of self-heating. This
affects the fire hazard.
Variation in oxygen concentration (e.g. oxygen enrichment) can also affect the fire hazard.
The fire hazard can arise from the material processed, used or released by the machinery, from
materials in the vicinity of the machinery, or from materials used in the construction of the machinery.
NOTE An explosion hazard can exist in addition to the fire hazard.
Key
1 heat 3 fuel
2 oxygen 4 uninhibited chemical chain reaction
Figure 2 — Fire tetrahedron
ISO 19353:2015(E)
4.2 Combustible materials
It shall be determined whether combustible materials exist or can exist and in what quantity and
distribution. Combustible materials can occur as solids, liquids or gases.
The ease of combustion of materials is affected by the size, shape and deposition of the materials. For
example, small pieces of a material loosely collected together can be more easily ignited than a large
piece of that material. Also, the combination of materials can have an influence on the ignitability and
the burning behaviour.
Consideration shall be given as to whether the properties of the materials can change over time or with
use. Such changes can include the possibility of decomposition of the material releasing combustible
gases and vapours. This can lead to an increased fire hazard.
4.3 Oxidizers
In assessing the fire hazard, the existence and quantity of fire-supporting substances, e.g. oxygen-
producing substances, and the probability of their occurrence shall be determined. The most
common oxidizer is air. But there are other oxidizers that support combustion, e.g. potassium nitrate
(KNO ), potassium permanganate (KMnO ), perchloric acid (HClO ), hydrogen peroxide (H O ) and
3 4 4 2 2
nitrous oxide (N O).
4.4 Ignition sources
It shall be determined which ignition sources exist or can occur.
Possible ignition sources can arise due to the influence of
a) heat energy,
b) electrical energy,
c) mechanical energy, and/or
d) chemical energy.
NOTE See Annex A for examples of ignition sources and Annex B for examples of machines and their typical
fire related hazards.
5 Strategy for fire risk assessment and risk reduction
5.1 General
Fire risk assessment comprises a series of logical steps that allow systematic examination of fire
hazards according to the procedures outlined in ISO 12100. Fire risk assessment includes the following
sequential phases:
a) fire risk analysis, comprising
1) determination of the limits of the machinery (see 5.2),
2) identification of fire hazards (see 5.3), and
3) risk estimation (see 5.4), and
b) risk evaluation.
When deemed necessary risk evaluation is followed by risk reduction.
6 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

ISO 19353:2015(E)
In planning fire prevention and protection measures, normal operating conditions – including start-
up and standstill procedures, possible technical failures and reasonably foreseeable misuse – shall be
taken into account.
The fire risk assessment and risk reduction shall be repeated as an iterative process until the risk
of a fire occurrence has been adequately reduced. Risk analysis judgements shall be supported by a
qualitative or, where appropriate, quantitative estimate of the risk associated with the hazards present
on the machinery. See Figure 3.
ISO 19353:2015(E)
Key
a
The first time the question is asked, it is answered by the result of the initial risk assessment.
b
If the applied risk reduction generates other hazards than fire hazards, risk reduction methods according to
ISO 12100 shall be applied.
Figure 3 — Schematic representation of fire risk reduction process including iterative three-
step method (adopted from ISO 12100)
8 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

ISO 19353:2015(E)
5.2 Determination of the limits of the machinery
Risk assessment shall include determination of the limits of the machinery, taking into account the
phases of the machinery life that can involve fire hazards.
Examples of machine limits that are useful in fire risk assessment are as follows:
— intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse of the machine;
— properties of materials processed by the machine;
— machine operating modes;
— anticipated levels of training, experience or ability of the machine operators, maintenance personnel,
and where appropriate the general public;
— the level of awareness of fire hazards by those persons likely to be exposed to the fire hazards;
— the anticipated life of the machine and its components and the impact of aging with respect to
creation of fire hazards;
— recommended service intervals;
— housekeeping and level of cleanliness as potential contributors to a fire hazard;
— the environment in which the machine is expected to be operated (e.g. dry, dusty, humid, hot,
cold conditions).
5.3 Identification of fire hazards
Following the determination of the limits of the machinery, reasonably foreseeable fire hazards shall be
identified, taking into consideration the phases of machinery life in which a fire hazard can be present.
NOTE See Clause 4 for a general discussion on the nature of fire hazards.
All reasonably foreseeable fire hazards associated with the various uses of the machine shall be
identified. The hazard can be identified according to the fire loads and ignition sources (see Figure 4).
For the determination of fire scenarios according to fire loads and ignition sources and for an
estimation of the fire risk, the procedures outlined in ISO 12100 shall be followed. The procedure
provides a sequence of logical steps allowing systematic examination of the fire hazards arising from
the machinery and/or the work process, see Figure 3.
Identification of fire hazards shall include the following steps:
— identification of intended and reasonably foreseeable operating conditions;
— identification of combustible and/or flammable materials that are related to the fire hazard (all
materials involved in the machine and process, including raw and process materials);
— evaluation of their ignitability, flammability, combustibility, fire supporting effect and toxic issues;
— estimation of the fire load based on the main combustible materials (fuel);
— identification of all possible ignition sources (e.g. heat) that can contribute to an ignition event;
— identification of fire scenarios according to fire loads and ignition sources: all reasonably foreseeable
scenarios that can lead to an ignition of the combustible and flammable materials, including
scenarios brought about by human errors such as exchange of substances, improper operation of
the machine, or improper maintenance.
ISO 19353:2015(E)
Figure 4 — Identification of significant fire hazards
5.4 Risk estimation
Once the fire hazards (fire scenarios) have been identified, the risk of occurrence of a fire shall be
determined by estimation. Risk estimation provides information required for the risk evaluation, which
in turn allows judgements to be made about whether or not risk reduction is required. Risk estimation
depends on the existence of a fire hazard, the frequency at which the machine is exposed to the fire hazard,
the probability of a fire occurring once exposure to hazard is present and the degree of possible harm.
The risk related to the fire hazard is a function of the severity of harm that can result from the fire
hazard and the probability of occurrence of that harm. The risk graph given in Figure 5 provides
guidance for risk estimation.
NOTE Methodology equivalent to Figure 5 can be used (see ISO/TR 14121-2).
10 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

ISO 19353:2015(E)
Key
Risk parameters:
S1 slight severity of injury (normally reversible)
S2 serious severity of injury (normally irreversible or death)
F1 frequency: seldom to less often and/or short exposure time to hazard
F2 frequency: often to continuous and/or long exposure time to hazard
P1 possibility of avoiding hazard or limiting harm given under specific conditions
P2 avoiding hazard or limiting harm scarcely possible
Figure 5 — Estimation of the risk level
Analysis of fire risks shall include consideration of the following elements:
— the frequency that the machine is exposed to the fire hazard;
— information for use regarding fire preventive measures (e.g. operating instructions, signs on
the machine);
— the likelihood that the machine operator will recognize a fire hazard and take intervention steps to
eliminate or reduce the possibility of a fire;
— the likelihood that once an ignition takes place the fire can be detected by the operator or a sensor
at an early stage;
— the extent of machine damage;
— the potential for operator or bystander injury and the most likely severity of such injury;
— the level of training of the operator with respect to fire hazard awareness and fire prevention practices.
5.5 Risk evaluation
After risk estimation has been completed, risk evaluation shall be carried out to determine if risk
reduction is required. If risk reduction is required, then appropriate protective measures shall be
selected and applied.
The adequacy of the risk reduction shall be determined after applying the technical fire prevention and
protection measures stated in 5.6.
NOTE See also the “three-step method” given in ISO 12100:2010, Clause 6.
ISO 19353:2015(E)
5.6 Risk reduction
5.6.1 General
If risk reduction measures are required, it shall be decided which protective measures shall be taken to
reduce the risk of fire and/or to limit the effects of a fire.
After each protective measure is taken to reduce the risk of fire, a risk analysis shall be performed
again until the machine is safe following the process given in ISO 12100.
Fire prevention and protection measures do not cover the overall risk at the machinery in question,
and therefore care shall be taken to ensure that the protective measures applied do not create and/or
increase other fire risks.
Adequate risk reduction is achieved when
— all operating conditions and intervention procedures have been considered,
— the risk of fire has been eliminated or reduced to the lowest acceptable level,
— any new fire risks introduced by the protective measures have been properly addressed,
— protective measures are compatible with one another, and
— the protective measures do not adversely affect the operator’s working conditions or impede the
function of the machine.
The objective of risk reduction can be achieved by applying fire prevention and protection measures as
protective measures comprising, in order of priority, the following:
a) inherently safe design measures (see 5.6.2);
b) safeguarding (see 5.6.3);
c) complementary protective measures (see 5.6.4 and 6.1);
d) information for use (see Clause 7).
All protective measures to reach this objective shall be applied in the sequence given in 5.6.2 to 5.6.4,
referred to as the “three-step method” (see also ISO 12100:2010, Clause 6).
5.6.2 Inherently safe design measures
5.6.2.1 The elimination or reduction of the risk of fire shall be primarily achieved by inherently safe
design measures, as shown in 5.6.2.2 to 5.6.2.6.
5.6.2.2 Minimal use of combustible materials in the construction of a machine:
The selection of the materials shall be carried out according to the risk analysis (see 5.2 to 5.4). In
case that non-combustible materials are not applicable self-extinguishing materials and fire-protected
materials should be used.
NOTE Such materials can be classified in accordance with EN 13501–1 as class A1, class A2 or class B.
5.6.2.3 Minimal use of flammable fluids or lubricants:
The selection of fluids shall be carried out according to the risk analysis (see 5.2 to 5.4) taking into
account the combustion and ignition properties of the process fluids used.
NOTE Data for non-water-miscible metalworking fluids to perform risk analysis are shown in
Table D.1 as an example.
12 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

ISO 19353:2015(E)
5.6.2.4 Competent ignition sources:
The risk analysis shall include machine operation or process deviations that might lead to the generation
of competent ignition sources. It shall be identified how such deviations are detected and/or controlled.
5.6.2.5 Use of materials in the construction of a machine that eliminate or minimize an adverse
interaction with the materials produced by or used by the machine.
5.6.2.6 Machine design that shall avoid aggregation of combustible or fire supporting concentrations,
or accumulations of raw material, intermediate product or finished product that exceed the amount
required for normal operation of the machine.
If applicable, inclusion of information in the instruction manual regarding steps to be taken by the user
to reduce or prevent the onset of fire, see Clause 7.
5.6.3 Safeguarding
When it is not possible to eliminate hazards or sufficiently reduce risks by inherently safe design measures,
consideration shall then be given to safeguarding to prevent persons from being exposed to the hazards.
Safeguarding comprises the following:
a) limitation of the effects of fire (e.g. flames, heat and smoke), for example by shielding or enclosure
of the machine to eliminate or minimize the risk of injury to persons and/or damage to property;
b) containment or evacuation of hazardous components (e.g. dust, heat, smoke, toxicity);
c) installation of measures against flame ejection and hot gases through openings of the machine (e.g.
labyrinths, door gaps, opening for workpiece loading, see D.3.8.1.2).
The required performance level (PLr) of a safety-related part of a control system necessary for a safety
function shall be determined according to ISO 13849-1.
5.6.4 Complementary protective me
...