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ASTM D7821-12

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Field Test Determination of Urea Concentration in Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)

Standard Test Method for Field Test Determination of Urea Concentration in Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a technique for field testing the concentration of aqueous urea-based diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) prescribed for use in diesel engines equipped with selective catalytic reduction technology and is not intended to circumvent or replace the more accurate determination of urea content by refractive index laboratory method, described in ISO 22241-2, Annex C.  
1.2 This test method is designed solely as a quantitative test to determine the concentration of urea in DEF and does not purport to determine the quality of DEF nor to detect trace or other contaminants therein. Biuret content of DEF creates a known bias in this test method. See section 9.2.1 for details.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2012
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D15 - Engine Coolants and Related Fluids
Drafting Committee
D15.25 - Diesel Exhaust Fluid
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D7821-12(2018) - Standard Test Method for Field Test Determination of Urea Concentration in Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)
Effective Date
01-Sep-2018

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ASTM D7821-12 - Standard Test Method for Field Test Determination of Urea Concentration in Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)ASTM D7821-12 - Standard Test Method for Field Test Determination of Urea Concentration in Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)
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ASTM D7821-12 - Standard Test Method for Field Test Determination of Urea Concentration in Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7821 − 12
Standard Test Method for
Field Test Determination of Urea Concentration in Diesel
1
Exhaust Fluid (DEF)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7821; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope DEF is in compliance with the most recent and applicable
edition of ISO 22241.
1.1 This test method covers a technique for field testing the
concentrationofaqueousurea-baseddieselexhaustfluid(DEF) 3.1.2 diesel exhaust fluid, DEF, n—preparation of aqueous
prescribed for use in diesel engines equipped with selective urea [(NH ) CO], containing 32.5 % by weight of technically
2 2
catalytic reduction technology and is not intended to circum- pure urea in high-purity water with quality characteristics
ventorreplacethemoreaccuratedeterminationofureacontent defined by ISO 22241.
by refractive index laboratory method, described in ISO
3.1.3 refractive index, n—fundamental physical property of
22241-2, Annex C.
a substance that is related to the ratio of the velocity of light in
air, to its velocity in the substance under examination, at a
1.2 This test method is designed solely as a quantitative test
to determine the concentration of urea in DEF and does not specified temperature and wavelength.
purport to determine the quality of DEF nor to detect trace or
3.1.4 refractometer, n—optical instrument that measures the
other contaminants therein. Biuret content of DEF creates a
refractive index of a substance and can be used to characterize
known bias in this test method. See section 9.2.1 for details.
the concentration or mixture ratio of various substances.
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
3.1.5 biuret, n—chemical compound which appears as a
as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in
characteristic impurity in aqueous urea solutions.
this standard.
3.1.6 AUS 32, n—ISO designation for DEF also known as
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
NOx reduction agent AUS 32 (aqueous urea solution).
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Summary of Test Method
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 A digital refractometer with a special scale specific to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the percent by weight of urea is used to measure the concen-
3
tration of a DEF sample.
2. Referenced Documents
2 4.2 TodetermineDEFconcentration,therefractometershall
2.1 ISO Standard:
first be zero set to distilled water. Next, a sample of DEF is
ISO 22241 22241Diesel engines—NOx reduction agent
placed on the measuring surface of the refractometer and the
AUS 32
temperature of the instrument, fluid, and ambient environment
is allowed to equilibrate. A reading is taken by pressing a
3. Terminology
button, and the unit of measure and concentration are directly
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
read from a digital display.
3.1.1 American Petroleum Institute (API), n—a nonprofit
trade association that licenses diesel exhaust fluid (DEF)
5. Apparatus
marketers to use the API Diesel Exhaust Fluid Certification
5.1 Refractometer—Arefractometer is an optical instrument
Mark. A marketer may be licensed to use the API Mark if its
used to measure the physical properties of a solution. Refrac-
tometers suitable for use in this test method shall possess the
following characteristics:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D15 on Engine
Coolants and Related Fluids and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D15.25 on Diesel Exhaust Fluid.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2012. Published November 2012. DOI:
3
10.1520/D7821-12. Sources for DEF refractometers, used to establish the precision and bias of this
2
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., method, MISCO Refractometer, 3401 Virginia Rd., Cleveland, OH 44122 and
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. Reichert Technologies, 3362 Walden Avenue, Depew, NY 14043-2437.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7821 − 12
5.1.1 Unit of Measure—The unit of measure for all DEF 7.2 Measuring the Sample:
readings shall be urea percent by weight and this shall be 7.2.1 The refractometer and ambient environment should be
clearly identified on the refractometer. between 10 to 45°C.
5.1.2 Range—The refractometer shall have a minimum 7.2.2 Inspect the refractometer
...

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ASTM D7821-12(2018)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Field Test Determination of Urea Concentration in Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)

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1.1 This test method covers a technique for field testing the concentration of aqueous urea-based diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) prescribed for use in diesel engines equipped with selective catalytic reduction technology and is not intended to circumvent or replace the more accurate determination of urea content by refractive index laboratory method, described in ISO 22241-2, Annex C.  
1.2 This test method is designed solely as a quantitative test to determine the concentration of urea in DEF and does not purport to determine the quality of DEF nor to detect trace or other contaminants therein. Biuret content of DEF creates a known bias in this test method. See section 9.2.1 for details.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The boiling range distribution of FAMES provides an insight into the composition of product related to the transesterification process. This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Biodiesel (FAMES) exhibits a boiling point rather than a distillation curve. The fatty acid chains in the raw oils and fats from which biodiesel is produced are mainly comprised of straight chain hydrocarbons with 16 to 18 carbons that have similar boiling temperatures. The atmospheric boiling point of biodiesel generally ranges from 330 °C to 357 °C. The Specification D6751 value of 360 °C max at 90 % off by Test Method D1160 was incorporated as a precaution to ensure the fuel has not been adulterated with high boiling contaminants.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). This test method is applicable to FAMES (biodiesel, B100) having an initial boiling point greater than 100 °C and a final boiling point less than 615 °C at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method.  
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1.3 The test method is not applicable for analysis of petroleum containing low molecular weight components (for example naphthas, reformates, gasolines, crude oils).  
1.4 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillation such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160, especially the initial and final boiling points.  
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1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some acids can be present in aviation turbine fuels due either to the acid treatment during the refining process or to naturally occurring organic acids. Significant acid contamination is not likely to be present because of the many check tests made during the various stages of refining. However, trace amounts of acid can be present and are undesirable because of the consequent tendencies of the fuel to corrode metals that it contacts or to impair the water separation characteristics of the aviation turbine fuel.  
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ASTM D5188-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Vapor-Liquid Ratio Temperature Determination of Fuels (Evacuated Chamber and Piston Based Method)

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5.1 The tendency of a fuel to vaporize in automotive engine fuel systems is indicated by the vapor-liquid ratio of the fuel.  
5.2 Automotive fuel specifications generally include
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature at which the vapor formed from a selected volume of volatile petroleum product saturated with air at 0 °C to 1 °C (32 °F to 34 °F) produces a pressure of 101.3 kPa (one atmosphere) against vacuum. This test method is applicable to samples for which the determined temperature is between 36 °C and 80 °C (97 °F and 176 °F) and the vapor-liquid ratio is between 8 to 1 and 75 to 1.
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ASTM D7826-23b(Guide)
Standard Guide for Evaluation of New Aviation Gasolines and New Aviation Gasoline Additives

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5.1 This guide is intended for the developers or sponsors of new aviation gasolines or additives to describe the data requirements necessary to support the development of specifications for these new products by ASTM members. The ultimate goal of the data generated in accordance with this guide is to provide an understanding of the performance of the new fuel or additive within the property constraints and compositional bounds of the proposed specification criteria.  
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5.1 The analysis of trace oxygenates in automotive spark-ignition engine fuel has become routine in certain areas to ensure compliance whenever oxygenated fuels are used. In addition, test methods to measure trace levels of oxygenates in automotive spark-ignition fuel are necessary to assess product quality.
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5.1 The combustion quality of aviation turbine fuel has traditionally been controlled in specifications by such tests as smoke point (see Test Method D1322), smoke volatility index, aromatic content of luminometer number (see Test Method D1740). Evidence is accumulating that a better control of the quality may be obtained by limiting the minimum hydrogen content of the fuel.  
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5.1 This test method was developed to assess the performance of a heavy-duty engine oil in controlling engine wear under operating conditions selected to accelerate soot production and valve-train wear in a turbocharged and aftercooled four-cycle diesel engine with sliding tappet followers equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.  
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1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
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5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened life of engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.  
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Standard Test Method for Vanadium and Nickel in Crude and Residual Oil by X-ray Spectrometry

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5.1 This test method provides a rapid and precise elemental measurement with simple sample preparation. Typical analysis times are approximately 4 min to 5 min per sample with a preparation time of approximately 1 min to 3 min per sample.  
5.2 The quality of crude oil is related to the amount of sulfur present. Knowledge of the vanadium and nickel concentration is necessary for processing purposes as well as contractual agreements.  
5.3 The presence of vanadium and nickel presents significant risks for contamination of the cracking catalysts in the refining process.  
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1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of total vanadium and nickel in crude and residual oil in the concentration ranges shown in Table 1 using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry.  
1.2 Sulfur is measured for analytical purposes only for the compensation of X-ray absorption matrix effects affecting the vanadium and nickel X-rays. For measurement of sulfur by standard test method use Test Methods D4294, D2622 or other suitable standard test method for sulfur in crude and residual oils.  
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1.4 This test method uses inter-element correction factors calculated from XRF theory, the fundamental parameters (FP) approach, or best fit regression.  
1.5 Samples containing higher concentrations than shown in Table 1 must be diluted to bring the elemental concentration of the diluted material within the scope of this test method.  
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