ASTM F1587-12a(2018)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:F1587 −12a (Reapproved 2018) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Head and Face Protective Equipment for Ice Hockey
Goaltenders
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1587; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Ice hockey is a contact sport with intrinsic hazards. The use of protective equipment will not
eliminate all injuries but should substantially reduce the severity and frequency of many injuries.
Participationinthesportoficehockeybyaplayerimpliesacceptanceofsomeriskofinjury.Thegoal
is to reduce the risk.
This performance specification for ice hockey goaltender head and face protective equipment has
been prepared after consideration of head and face protection relative to the following principle risks:
high-mass/low-velocityimpactwithrespecttoheadprotection,low-mass/high-velocitywithrespectto
face protection (various playing situations), and fit. This performance specification may be modified
as other risks are identified.
Performance requirements were determined after consideration of the state of the art of head and
face protective design and manufacture. This specification was developed to address the unique
demands and hazards associated with the position of ice hockey goaltender.
Two types of protectors are designated. Both types are subject to impact resistance and shock
attenuation requirements. Type I protectors are subject to hockey stick blade penetration resistance
requirements over their entire area of coverage. Type II protectors are subject to hockey puck
penetration resistance requirements within the area of the field of vision and hockey stick blade
penetrationresistancerequirementsovertheremainderoftheareaofcoverage.Itisrecommendedthat
Type II protectors be used only by players 18 years of age and older.
1. Scope 1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
2 as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in
1.1 This performance specification covers performance
this standard.
requirements for ice hockey goaltender head and face protec-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tors.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.2 The intent of this performance specification is to reduce
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
theriskofinjurytotheheadandfaceoficehockeygoaltenders
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
without compromising the form and appeal of the game.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This specification has requirements for: (1) materials, 1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
assembly, and design; (2) protected areas (coverage) and
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
penetration resistance; (3) shock absorption; (4) puck impact
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
resistance; (5) extensibility and strength of the chin strap and Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
its attachment; and (6) optical quality.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F08 on Sports
Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of 2.1 ASTM Standards:
Subcommittee F08.15 on Ice Hockey.
Current edition approved April 1, 2018. Published May 2018. Originally
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F1587–12a. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/F1587-12AR18. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Thisperformancespecificationissubjecttorevisionasindicatedbysubsequent Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
injury statistics and subject to review at least every five years. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1587−12a (2018)
D2240TestMethodforRubberProperty—DurometerHard- 3.1.11 goaltender mask, n—faceprotectorintendedforgoal-
ness tenders that consists of: (1) a front portion to cover part of the
face and jaw, (2) a covering for the eyes and face (face
2.2 CSA Standard:
CSA Z262.6-02Specifications for Facially Featured Head- protector), and (3) a backplate.
forms
3.1.12 goniometer, n—positioning device that moves the
2.3 CEN Standard:
headform such that the angular rotation and movement in both
BS EN 960:2006Headforms for Use in the Testing of
thehorizontalandverticaldirectionsenableasphericalscanto
Protective Helmets
be made of the fields of vision as seen through a face protector
or visor.
3. Terminology
3.1.13 helmet, n—device worn on the head that is intended
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
to reduce the risk of head injury to ice hockey participants.
3.1.1 acceleration, a, of a body, n—acceleration measured
Helmets can include: (1) a shock-attenuating system, (2) a
in metres per second squared.
retention system, and (3) manufacturers’attachments.
3.1.1.1 acceleration of a body as a result of gravity, n—rate
3.1.14 helmet-positioning index, HPI, n—vertical distance
of change in velocity of a body that is subjected to gravity in
measuredatthemedianplanefromthefrontedgeofthehelmet
units of g where g = 9.8 m/s .
to the reference plane when the helmet is placed on the
3.1.1.2 acceleration, maximum, a ,n—highest point on
reference headform. In the case of a mask with an opening in
max
the acceleration-time curve encountered during impact mea-
which a face protector is attached, the top front edge of the
sured in units of g.
opening shall be used.
3.1.2 backplate, n—section of a goaltender’s mask that
3.1.15 impact sites:—
covers the posterior of the wearer’s head in a style of protector
3.1.15.1 non-prescribed, adv—any impact site, except the
in which a front section and a rear section of the protector
six prescribed sites, on or above the test line and at least one
move relative to each other for the wearer to put on or remove
fifth of the circumference of the headform from any prior
the protector.
impact site.
3.1.3 central vertical axis, n—line relative to the headform
3.1.15.2 prescribed, adv—see Fig. 1.
that lies in the median plane of symmetry and is normal to the
basicplaneatapointequidistantfromthefrontandbackofthe
headform.
3.1.4 chip, n—readily visible particle missing from the
protector with an area bigger than 9 mm .
3.1.5 collimated light source (source of illumination),
n—quartz halogen lamp (17 lux) producing a 100-mm beam at
a 6-m distance that is centered on the pupils of the eyes of the
headformorthemidpointbetweenthepupilsoftheeyesofthe
headform; this centering is maintained at all times during the
optical quality test.
3.1.6 combination, n—combined unit of a face protector
placedonaheadprotectorwithwhichitisdesignedtobeused.
3.1.7 computer interface, n—linkagebetweenthecomputer,
the goniometer, and the sensors that enables a fully automated
measurement process via a menu-driven operation during the
optical quality test.
3.1.8 drop height, n—vertical distance between the lowest
point (impact point) of the elevated mask and the apex of the
impact surface.
3.1.9 face protector, n—protector,eitherspeciallyadaptedto
a helmet or forming a continuous unit, that is designed to
protect the wearer’s head and face, or parts thereof, against
injury.
3.1.10 fastening system, n—devices used to connect the
components of a helmet.
Available from the Canadian Standards Association, 178 Rexdale Blvd.,
NOTE 1—The impact direction is perpendicular to the surface of the
Toronto, ON M9W 1R3 Canada.
headform for all impact sites.
Available from BSI Customer Services, 389 Chiswick High Rd., London W4
4AL United Kingdom. FIG. 1Prescribed Impact Sites
F1587−12a (2018)
(1) front, adv—located on the median plane and 50 mm (3) mouth impact, n—point in the intersection between the
above the anterior intersection of the median and reference horizontal plane and the median plane in the direction of the
planes. center of the mouth.
(2) front boss, n—point on a plane 45° in a clockwise
3.1.16 laser, n—luminous device used for alignment of the
direction from the anterior intersection of the median and
sensors.
reference planes and 25 mm above the reference plane.
3.1.17 liner, n—material inside the shell for the purpose of
(3) side, n—located on the frontal plane and 25 mm above
shock absorption or comfortable fit or both.
the point of intersection of the reference plane and the frontal
3.1.18 model, n—category of products that have the same
plane.
essential characteristics (essential characteristics include
(4) rear boss, n—point on a plane 135° in a clockwise
materials, dimensions, construction, retention system, and
direction from the anterior intersection of the median and
protective padding).
reference planes on the reference plane. If the protector is a
3.1.19 natural frequency, n—frequency at which a system
mask with a back plate, the impact shall be delivered on the
willtendtooscillatewhendisplacedfromitsstaticequilibrium
back plate, 19 mm from any edge.
position.
(5) rear, n— point at the posterior intersection of the
median and reference planes.
3.1.20 neck strap, n—strapthatisaffixedtothetwosidesof
(6) crown, n—point at the intersection of the median and
thehelmetandpassesunderthemandibleincloseproximityto
frontal planes.
the neck.
3.1.15.3 puck impact sites, n—for testing face protectors,
3.1.21 no-contact zone, n—designatedzoneoftheheadform
see Fig. 2.
where contact is not permitted during the puck impact resis-
(1) side impact, n—point halfway between the mouth level
tance test (see 4.8 and Fig. 3).
and the eye level in the horizontal plane, 25° to the median
3.1.22 orbit, n—the bony cavity containing the eyeball and
planeandinthedirectionoftheaxisformedbytheintersection
other associated tissues.
of the median plane and the frontal plane.
3.1.23 outer covering (shell), n—outer material that gives
(2) eye impact, n—point in the horizontal plane 25° to the
the mask its form.
median plane and in the direction of the eye.
3.1.24 peripheral field of vision, n—projection outward of
all retinal points (the nervous layer of the eye) at which visual
sensations can be initiated (Fig. 4).
3.1.24.1 inferior (downward), adv—angle in the vertical
plane measured downward from the horizontal plane.
3.1.24.2 nasal, adv—angleinthehorizontalplanemeasured
from the primary position of gaze to the left for the right eye
and from the primary position of gaze to the right for the left
eye.
3.1.24.3 superior (upward), adv—angleintheverticalplane
measured upward from the horizontal plane.
3.1.24.4 temporal, adv—angle in the horizontal plane mea-
suredfromtheprimarypositionofgazetotherightfortheright
eyeandfromtheprimarypositionofgazetotheleftfortheleft
eye.
3.1.25 permanent marking, n—information that remains
legible and cannot be removed in its entirety under conditions
of normal use (see Section 7).
3.1.26 photosensors, n—sensors 5 mm in diameter centered
in the pupils of the headform covered by a 5-mm translucent
lens of 8-mm radius of curvature, convex forward.
3.1.26.1 Discussion—(1) The photosensors are cosine
corrected, for example, provided with diffusing covers that are
a means of correcting the light-sensitive surface for wide
angles of incidence. (2) Light contact with the sensors pro-
duces an electrical signal that is fed into a computer interface.
1 Median plane
2 Face protector
3.1.27 planes, n—see Fig. 5.
3 Side impact site
4 Mouth impact site
3.1.27.1 basic plane of the human head, n—plane that is
5 Eye impact site
located at the level of the external upper borders of the ear
6 Frontal plane
canal(externalauditorymeatus)andtheinferiormarginsofthe
FIG. 2Puck Impact Sites for Testing Face Protectors orbits of the eyes.
F1587−12a (2018)
Dimensions (mm)
Facially Featured Headform
(according to CSA Z262.6-02)
AB C D E F
Adult (50th percentile) 48 16 28 17 36 68
Juvenile 60 0 25 0 36 60
Child 55 0 23 0 35 55
FIG. 3No-Contact Zone (Projected Dimensions)
FIG. 5Orientation Planes
3.1.28 primary position of gaze, n—line running forward
from the center of the pupil parallel to the median and
horizontal planes.
FIG. 4Peripheral Field of Vision
3.1.29 protector, n—comprises a face protector either spe-
cially adapted to the helmet or forming a continuous unit
3.1.27.2 basic plane of a headform, n—plane relative to the
designedtoprotectthewholeorpartsofthewearer’sheadand
headform that corresponds to the basic plane of the human
face against injury.
head.
3.1.30 retention system, n—system that secures the helmet
3.1.27.3 frontal plane, n—vertical plane that is perpendicu-
firmly to the head, when adjusted according to the manufac-
lar to the median and reference planes and passes through the
turer’s instructions, by passing under the mandible in whole or
top of the headform.
in part.
3.1.27.4 horizontal plane, n—plane that passes across the
3.1.31 scan area, n—oval area specified by superior,
head at right angles to both the frontal and median plane.
temporal, inferior, and nasal directions.
3.1.27.5 median plane, n—verticalplanethatpassesthrough
3.1.32 scotomata, n—blind spot in the field of vision.
the headform from front to back and divides the headform into
right and left halves.
3.1.33 spherical impactor, n—device made of low-
3.1.27.6 reference plane, n—construction plane parallel to resonancematerialthatcouplesmechanicallywiththeballarm
the basic plane of the headform at a distance from it which is connector of a monorail drop assembly and is used for
a function of the size of the headform. calibration of a monorail drop assembly.
F1587−12a (2018)
3.1.33.1 Discussion—Low-resonance material includes 4.2 Material:
magnesium, aluminum alloy, and stainless steel.
4.2.1 Integrity—All materials used in the fabrication of
masks shall be known to be suitable for the intended applica-
3.1.34 subnasale, Sn, n—deepest point on the concavity of
tion. They shall be resistant to irreversible polymeric changes
the anterior surface of the maxilla in the midline, within 3.0
when exposed to temperatures of up to 70°C or ultraviolet
mm of the floor of the nose (see Fig. 6).
radiation. Al
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