ASTM D2758-94(1998)e1

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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e1
Designation: D 2758 – 94 (Reapproved 1998)
Standard Test Method for
Engine Coolants by Engine Dynamometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2758; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Editorial corrections were made in April 1998.
1. Scope ( 3) cooling system components.
1.1 This test method covers a full-scale clean engine test
4. Significance and Use
designed to evaluate corrosion protection and inhibitor stability
4.1 This test method provides a laboratory technique ca-
of engine coolants under simulated heavy-duty driving condi-
pable of reproducing the complex environmental stresses a
tions.
coolant encounters under actual engine operating conditions.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
The test method provides improved discrimination over glass-
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
ware and simulated service tests and improved correlation with
only.
field service. Although the test method is particularly valuable
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
for developing coolants for increased service requirements, it
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
remains that field testing is necessary to evaluate coolant
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
performance completely.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards
5. Apparatus
statements are given in Section 6.
5.1 Test Engine— The test engine shall be a volume
production passenger car engine of cast iron or aluminum
2. Referenced Documents
construction. Engine speed and brake horsepower should be
2.1 ASTM Standards:
calculated and adjusted to be equivalent to a 96.5 km/h (60
D 1121 Test Method for Reserve Alkalinity of Engine
2 mph) level road load. Aluminum accessories, such as coolant
Coolants and Antirusts
pump and timing chain cover, are optional. The engine shall be
D 1287 Test Method for pH of Engine Coolants and Anti-
2 equipped with a matching radiator and pressure cap. A coolant
rusts
overflow reservoir and closed-system pressure cap are op-
D 1384 Test Method for Corrosion Test for Engine Coolants
2 tional, except when specified by the manufacturer. Assemble
in Glassware
the test components to provide a complete cooling system. The
G 1 Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Cor-
3 relative positioning of the radiator and engine should duplicate,
rosion Test Specimens
4 as closely as practicable, the mounting in the automobile with
2.2 Federal Standard:
the fan omitted. All radiator hose lengths should be held to a
CFR Title 29 OSHA Regulations
minimum. The radiator shall be cooled by forced air.
3. Summary of Test Method 5.2 Instrumentation and Control (See Fig. 1)—Run the
engine on a test stand coupled to an engine dynamometer with
3.1 This test method involves the operation of a standard
appropriate accessories for control of the designated operating
passenger car engine on a dynamometer stand under constant
conditions. Measure engine coolant temperature out of the
speed, load, and coolant temperature conditions for a total of
engine at a point immediately adjacent to the coolant outlet.
700 h. The performance of the coolant is judged by examina-
Measure manifold vacuum, oil pressure, and exhaust pressure
tion of (1) coolant samples, (2) metal corrosion specimens, and
at appropriate points and monitor them throughout the test in
order to ensure proper engine performance. Install a pressure
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-15 on Engine
gage in the outlet tank of a crossflow radiator or the top tank of
Coolants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D15.10 on Dynamometer
a downflow radiator to read the gage pressure.
and Road Tests.
5.3 Corrosion Measurements:
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 1994. Published February 1995. Originally
published as D 2758 – 68 T. Last previous edition D 2758 – 86 (1991)e . 5.3.1 Evaluate corrosion protection using metal specimens.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.05.
The specimen arrangement shall be basically that used in Test
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.02.
Method D 1384. The specimen bundle is shown in Fig. 2.
Available from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 200
Preparation, cleaning, and weighing of the metal specimens are
Constitution Ave., N.W., Washington, DC 20008.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 2758
FIG. 1 Air Cooling Setup
described in Test Method D 1384 and Practice G 1. Each the top fitting to the return nipple on the coolant pump.
specimen bundle shall be held in a canvas-reinforced phenolic
5.4 Fuel and Crankcase Oil—Because of the extended
tube (see Fig. 3) which, in turn, is contained in a capsule. Use
duration of this test, it is suggested that high-quality fuels and
two types of specimen capsules: full-flow and bypass. Install
motor oils be selected to control combustion problems and
the full-flow capsule in the upper radiator hose, and connect the
achieve maximum valve life.
bypass capsule across the heater taps of the engine. Details of
the capsules are shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5. The full-flow
6. Precautions
capsule shall contain three sets of specimens; weigh and
6.1 Safety Precautions:
replace one set with a fresh set at 100-h increments, and weigh
6.1.1 Coolant—All coolant concentrates and their solutions
two sets at the conclusion of the test. The bypass capsule shall
should be considered harmful or fatal if swallowed.
contain three sets of specimens; clean, weigh, and replace the
6.1.2 Specimen Cleaning—When cleaning aluminum speci-
first set at 100-h increments. Clean and weigh the second set at
mens with chromic acid/orthophosphoric acid solution, use
400 h. Replace, clean, and weigh this set at the end of the test.
fume hood.
Clean and weigh the third set at the end of the test.
6.1.3 Personal Protection—Appropriate personal protection
5.3.2 Position the full-flow capsule in the upper radiator
equipment (safety glasses, gloves, etc.) should be worn at all
hose at a point below the radiator coolant level.
times when working with hot, pressurized engine systems. In
5.3.3 The bypass capsule should be located in close prox-
general, engine speed should be lowered to 1000 rpm at no
imity to the engine in order to avoid excessive coolant
load, and the temperature and pressure on the cooling system
temperature drop.
should be lowered to a level below the boiling point of the
5.3.4 Equip the bypass capsule with a temperature-
coolant before approaching the engine. To avoid possible
measuring device to assure that normal flow is being main-
burns, care should be exercised in venting and opening the
tained. (A temperature drop from normal operating temperature
radiator pressure cap.
indicates an obstruction in the bypass circuit.) A mounting
6.1.4 Safety Guards— Sturdy safety guards must be used
bracket attached to the radiator stand is recommended. Mount
for the fan belt, pulleys, couplings, and drive shaft (see OSHA
the capsule below the radiator coolant level in a vertical
Regulations, CFR Title 29).
position. Connect the bottom fitting of the capsule with a
rubber hose to the standard heater supply nipple, and connect 6.1.5 Maintenance of Physical Equipment—In the operation
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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D 2758
A
NOTE 1— Alternate specimen bundles are shown in Test Method D 1384.
Metric Equivalents
1 1 3 1 17 7 1
in. 0.060 ⁄16 ⁄8 ⁄16 ⁄4 ⁄64 ⁄16 ⁄2 12
mm 1.52 1.59 3.18 4.76 6.35 6.75 11.11 12.7 25 51
FIG. 2 Corrosion Specimen Bundle
Metric Equivalents
3 1 7 15 1 1
in. ⁄16 ⁄4 ⁄16 1 ⁄16 2 ⁄16 2 ⁄2
mm 4.76 6.35 11.11 49.21 52.39 63.5
NOTE 1—To achieve snug fit of the specimen bundle in the tube, add insulating washers as necessary under the brass nut on the specimen bundle.
FIG. 3 Specimen Bundle Sleeve
and planning of the dynamometer test facility, adequate fore- hazards, and general housekeeping in order to maintain a high
thought must be given to the fuel system, exhaust system, fire level of safety standards. For example, checks for leaks in the
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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D 2758
Metric Equivalents
Metric Equivalents
1 1
in. 1 ⁄2 22 ⁄4
3 1
mm 38 50.8 57
in ⁄8 2 ⁄4
mm 9.5 57
FIG. 4 Upper Radiator Hose Full Flow Specimen Capsule
FIG. 5 By-Pass Specimen Capsule
fuel, oil, and exhaust systems must be made on a continuing
basis, and consideration must be given to the routing of a hot
commerical cleaner (see Annex A2). Replace all hoses after the
exhaust system in an area of combustible materials.
cleaning procedure, but before each test.
7.2 Installation of Test Specimens and Coolant:
7. Preparation of Apparatus
7.2.1 Prior to the installation of the coolant, install a new
7.1 Engine Reconditioning:
aluminum coolant outlet (if the engine is so equipped), along
7.1.1 Check the engine and recondition, if necessary, prior
with a thermostat fixed in the full open position (see Note). Flat
to each test run. For each new engine, prior to a series of tests,
washers should be used under the coolant outlet-attaching bolt
and those engines being reconditioned for further testing,
heads to minimize damage to the mounting flanges. Install the
install new cylinder head gaskets; the engine manufacturer’s
specimen-containing capsules at this time.
recommendations should be followed regarding the use of
NOTE 1—Thermostats of different manufacturers have different design
gasket sealing compounds. When no specific recommendation
minimum travel positions. “Full open” would mean the maximum travel.
is made by the engine manufacturer, the cylinder head gaskets
To block a thermostat open, the power element should be drilled and
and other coolant sealing gaskets should be coated with an
tapped for an adjusting screw, soldered into position and cut off. Never
adhesive sealant. This will ensure against coolant and exhaust
solder the piston to the piston guide as this may cause damage or
gas leakage at some advanced point in the test, possibly
annealing of other thermostat components. To determine maximum travel,
voiding the test and its results. A new radiator should be measure valve position equivalent to 11°C (20°F) above stamped opening
temperature; for example, 89°C 1 11°C 5 100°C ~192°F 1
installed before each test. The cooling system should be
20°F 5 212°F!.
checked for the following common defects: (1) cylinder head
gasket leakage resulting in exhaust gas contamination of the 7.2.2 Based upon careful measurement of the volume of the
coolant, (2) air induction into the coolant due to a worn coolant system, add a measured amount of concentrated coolant
pump seal, and (3) defective lower radiator hose connection. directly to the cooling system to provide a 40 volume %
Methods of checking for these defects appear in Annex A1. coolant solution when filled to overflow with water containing
7.1.2 Clean the engine cooling system with a chelator-type 100 ppm each of chloride, sulfate, and bicarbonate ions (see
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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D 2758
Annex A3). If desired, single-phase-inhibited coolant may be hensive evaluation of coolant performance than is obtainable
premixed with corrosive water in a clean container and added
with glassware and stimulated service tests. Correlation with
to the cooling system as a solution. Under no conditions
field service is generally good for engines of similar design and
premix external to the cooling system at the initiation of the
material, but depends to a significant degree on the investiga-
test two-phase coolants containing polar oils. Before starting
tor’s ability to interpret test results in relation to field service
the test and after installing test coolant, conduct a 103-kPa
experience. Field service will inherently impose variations in
(15-psi) pressure leakage test to check for external coolant
severity.
leakage at hoses, gaskets, and coolant pump.
9.2 The individual specimen weight loss values have limited
7.2.3 With the engine running at 1000 rpm no load and 93°C
significance in terms of absolute corrosion protection with
(200°F) coolant outlet temperature, drain sufficient coolant to
respect to field service. Instead, they must be compared to
bring the radiator level from overflow to 19 mm ( ⁄4 in.) below
baseline values established with coolants of known field
the pressure cap seat for down-flow radiators, and 38 mm (1 ⁄2
service performance. The comparative weight loss values
in.) below the pressure cap seat for cross-flow radiators. (When
encountered with those specimens that remain undisturbed for
radiator is equipped with an overflow reservoir and closed-
the duration of the test indicate overall corrosion protection by
system pressure cap, coolant level should be at the pressure cap
the test coolant. These specimens should be the most valuable
seat.) Replace radiator cap. Save the drained coolant, and add
to predict field service performance. The specimens, which are
it to 2-L (2-qt) sample of premixed 40 % test coolant and
replaced at predetermined intervals, and present a clean active
corrosive water solution to use as makeup throughout the test.
surface, may be used to predict extended coolant performance
8. Procedure
as related to inhibitor depletion and formula degradation rate.
8.1 Maintain the following test conditions throughout the
A change in weight loss pattern may indicate coolant deterio-
test method, except for the inspections detailed in subsequent
ration even though the solution characteristics and undisturbed
sections:
specimen weight losses indicate a satisfactory condition.
Coolant 40 volume % concentration of test coolant
9.3 Reserve alkal
...