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ASTM D7805-13

(Terminology)

Standard Terminology for Printing Ink Vehicles and Related Materials

Standard Terminology for Printing Ink Vehicles and Related Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 A common set of definitions is essential to improve communication and avoid misunderstanding among manufacturers of printing ink, printing ink vehicles, resins, solvents, oils and all other components of printing ink vehicles.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard contains the definitions of terms as used in reference to printing ink vehicles and related materials.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
28-Feb-2013
ICS
37.100.10 - Reproduction equipment
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.37 - Ink Vehicles
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D7805-13 - Standard Terminology for Printing Ink Vehicles and Related MaterialsASTM D7805-13 - Standard Terminology for Printing Ink Vehicles and Related Materials
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ASTM D7805-13 - Standard Terminology for Printing Ink Vehicles and Related Materials
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7805 − 13
Standard Terminology for
1
Printing Ink Vehicles and Related Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7805; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope adhesion, n—state in which two surfaces are held together by
interfacial forces that may consist of valence forces, inter-
1.1 Thisstandardcontainsthedefinitionsoftermsasusedin
locking action, or both.
reference to printing ink vehicles and related materials.
alkyd, n—synthetic resins formed by the reaction of polybasic
2. Referenced Documents
acids with polyhydric alcohols, typically modified with
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: unsaturated vegetable oils.
D2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings DISCUSSION—Alkyds are typically used in oxidatively drying paste
inks (for example, sheetfed).
D4713 Test Methods for Nonvolatile Content of Heatset and
Liquid Printing Ink Systems
amine number (value), n—the relative number of –NH
3
D6419 Test Method for Volatile Content of Sheet-Fed and
groups on a polymer or other molecule as determined by the
Coldset Web Offset Printing Inks
milligrams of potassium hydroxide equivalent to the amine
groups in one gram of the material.
3. Significance and Use
antioxidant, n—organic compound added to a resin, vehicle,
3.1 A common set of definitions is essential to improve
or other material to retard oxidation, deterioration, and
communication and avoid misunderstanding among manufac-
rancidity.
turers of printing ink, printing ink vehicles, resins, solvents,
oils and all other components of printing ink vehicles.
apparent viscosity (VD), n—measured viscosity of a non-
Newtonian fluid at a particular shear rate D.
4. Terminology
-1
DISCUSSION—A shear rate of 2500 s has been found useful for
printing inks.
acid number (value), n—an indication of the relative amount
of –COOH functionality of a polymer or other molecule.
biocide, n—a substance that kills microorganisms such as
DISCUSSION—Acidnumbercalculatedbythenumberofmilligramsof
bacteria, molds, slimes, fungi, etc.
potassiumhydroxideneutralizedbythefreeacidspresentin1gofresin
DISCUSSION—Typically used in aqueous printing ink systems.
or other material. The determination is made by titrating the sample
with KOH in alcohol using phenolphthalein as an indicator.
cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB), n—synthetic polymers
acrylates, n—chemical materials which contain the grouping formed by the reaction of cellulose with acetic and butyric
OCOCHCH ,usuallyintheformofmonomersoroligomers. anhydrides.
2
DISCUSSION—CAB is typically used in solvent based liquid inks.
acrylic resins, n—thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers or
copolymers derived from ethenylically unsaturated mono- cellulose acetate proprionate (CAP), n—synthetic polymers
mers such as styrene, acrylic/methacrylic acid, and acrylic/ formed by the reaction of cellulose with acetic and propionic
methacrylic acid esters. anhydrides.
DISCUSSION—Acrylic resins are used most commonly in liquid (for
DISCUSSION—CAP is typically used in solvent based liquid inks.
example, flexo and gravure) inks. Most waterbased inks are formulated
cellulose ester, n—cellulose in which some or all of the free
from acrylic resins or acrylic emulsions.
hydroxyl groups are replaced by acidic groups.
cellulose ethers (ethyl cellulose), n—synthetic polymers
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
formed by the reaction of wood pulp with sodium hydroxide
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.37 on Ink Vehicles.
and ethyl chloride.
Current edition approved March 1, 2013. Published June 2013. DOI: 10.1520/
D7805–13.
clarity, n—the characteristic of a transparent body whereby
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
distinct high-contrast images or high-contrast objects (sepa-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
rated by some distance from the body) are observable
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. through the body.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7805 − 13
cloud point, n—point at which compatibility is lost causing a frequencies, for example, 100 to 0.1 radians/sec. One can
resin/solvent mixture to become turbid and lose clarity. specifythefrequencyinunitsofHz(cycles/sec.)1Hz=6.28
rad/sec.
coagulum, n—clot, curd, or coagulated al
...

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5.1 Abrasion resistance is a desirable and sometimes critical property of printed materials. Abrasion damage can occur during shipment, storage, handling, and end use. The result is a significant decrease in product appearance and legibility of product information. The amount of abrasion damage to a printed substrate is dependent on shipping conditions, possibly temperature and humidity, time, and many other variables. This practice provides a way of comparing abrasion resistance of printed materials under laboratory conditions.  
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