ASTM D4175-02

An American National Standard
Designation: D 4175 – 02
Standard Terminology Relating to
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Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4175; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope absorb radiant power per unit sample concentration and path
length, expressed by:
1.1 This standard is the compilation of terminology devel-
oped by Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubri- a 5 Af/bc (2)
cants, except that it does not include terms/definitions specific
where:
only to the standards in which they appear.
A = the absorbance defined in 3.1.4,
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to
f = the dilution factor defined in 3.1.5,
petroleum, petroleum products, and lubricants. Meanings of
b = sample cell path length, and
the same terms outside of applications to petroleum, petroleum
c = the quantity of absorbing substance contained in a
products, and lubricants can be found in other compilations and
volume of solvent.
in dictionaries of general usage.
[D02.04] D 2008
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places (1) in the
acceptance limit (AL), n—a numerical value that defines the
standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.
point between acceptable and unacceptable quality.
2. Terminology
DISCUSSION—The AL is not necessarily the specification limit. It is
the value that takes into account the specification value, the test method
2.1 Alphabetical listing of terms with definitions for each
precision, and the confidence level desired for defining minimum
term showing attributions as to source and subcommittee
acceptable quality relative to the specification value.
jurisdiction is in bold print following the definition. Those
[D02.94] D 3244
showing no attributes are under the jurisdiction of Subcommit-
tee CS 95. Some abbreviations, acronyms and symbols are
accepted reference value, n—a value that serves as an
included in the list.
agreed-upon reference for comparison and that is derived as
(1) a theoretical or established value, based on scientific
abrasion, n—wear by displacement of material caused by hard
principles, (2) an assigned value, based on experimental
particles or hard protuberances. [D02.0B] D 4998
work of some national or international organization, such as
absolute filtration rating, n—the diameter of the largest hard
the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology
spherical particle that will pass through a filter under
(NIST), or (3) a consensus value, based on collaborative
specified test conditions. This is an indication of the largest
experimental work under the auspices of a scientific or
opening in the filter element. [D02.0N] D 4174
engineering group. [D02.94] D 6299
absorbance, A, n—the molecular property of a substance that
[E11] E 456, E 177
determines its ability to take up radiant power, expressed by:
accuracy, n—the closeness of agreement between an observed
A 5 log ~1/T! 5 –log T (1)
10 10
value and an accepted reference value. [D02.94] D 6299
where T is the transmittance as defined in 3.1.3.
[E11] E 456, E 177
acidity, n—the quality, state or degree of being acid.
DISCUSSION—Absorbance expresses the excess absorption over that
of a specified reference or standard. It is implied that compensation has
DISCUSSION—In this test method, the criterion for acidity is a pink or
been affected for reflectance losses, solvent absorption losses, and
red color when methyl orange indicator is used.
refractive effects, if present, and that attenuation by scattering is small
[D02.06] D 1093
compared with attenuation by absorption. [D02.04] D 2008
acute ecotoxicity, n—the propensity of a material to produce
absorptivity, a, n—the specific property of a substance to
adverse behavioral, biochemical, or physiological effects in
non-human organisms or populations in a short period of
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This terminology is under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum
time, usually not constituting a substantial portion of the life
Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.95 on
span of the organism. [D02.0N] D 6046
Terminology.
acute ecotoxicity, n—the propensity of a test material to
Current edition approved May 10, 2002. Published August 2002. Originally
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published as D 4175–83. Last previous edition D 4175–01 . produce adverse behavioral, biochemical or physiological
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D 4175
DISCUSSION—Asphalt can be a natural product or a material obtained
effects in non-human organisms or populations in a
...