ASTM E754-80(2000)e1

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
Designation:E754–80 (Reapproved 2000)
Standard Test Method for
Pullout Resistance of Ties and Anchors Embedded in
Masonry Mortar Joints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 754; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Keywords were added to this standard in April 2000.
INTRODUCTION
The attachment of masonry walls to building exteriors has been based largely on experience and
professional judgment. Codes and standards requirements relating to the attachment of masonry
veneer and nonload-bearing masonry walls generally specify the size and spacing of the fasteners to
be provided (ties or anchors) rather than the forces to be resisted. In addition, there are very limited
data available on the structural performance of most types of fasteners currently used in masonry
construction.
This test method is recommended for determining conservative ultimate pullout values of masonry
fasteners under conditions that approach those usually found in the upper courses of masonry wall
construction, which experience little or practically no vertical load restraint. Its use is recommended
until more comprehensive methods are developed which can evaluate, economically, the capacity of
masonry ties and anchors to resist pullout loads, giving due consideration to service parameters such
as expanse of surrounding wall area and in-plane dead loads.
1. Scope C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and
Structural Clay Tile
1.1 This test method provides procedures for determining
C 109 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic
the ability of individual masonry ties and anchors to resist
Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm Cube Specimens)
extraction from a masonry mortar joint.
C 140 Test Method of Sampling and Testing Concrete
1.2 Two laboratory testing procedures are provided for use
Masonry Units
with test specimens which consist of a masonry tie or anchor
C 144 Specification for Aggregate for Masonry Mortar
embeddedinmortarbetweentwinstack-bondedmasonryunits.
C 270 Specification for Mortar for Unit Masonry
1.2.1 Procedure A—For use with small (brick-size) ma-
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
sonry units.
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-
1.2.2 Procedure B—For use with large (block-size) ma-
ing
sonry units.
E 171 Specification for Standard Atmospheres for Condi-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety
tioning and Testing Materials
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
E 575 Practice for Reporting Data from Structural Tests of
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.05.
2. Referenced Documents
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-6 on
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.13
on Structural Performance of Connections in Building Constructions.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 1980. Published January 1981.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
E754–80 (2000)
Building Constructions, Elements, Connections, and As- minimize apparatus deformation) and to maintain uniform
semblies distribution of the axially applied test loads until failure of the
specimen occurs.
3. Terminology
6.2 Procedure B (Using Block-Size Masonry Units)—
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
Apparatus for this procedure is shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4. Its
method, refer to TerminologyE6.
special purpose is to avoid handling an unwieldy specimen in
apparatus such as that used in ProcedureAby applying pullout
4. Summary of Test Method
loads to the specimen placed on a convenient work surface.
4.1 These procedures provide for a static pullout test of a tie
The apparatus shall be of sufficient strength and stiffness to
or anchor embedded in a hardened mortar joint between two
minimize bending deformations that would tend to promote a
masonry units.
flexural bond failure of the mortar joint; and it shall have the
capacity to develop the pullout failure load of the fastener
5. Significance and Use
without yielding.
5.1 This test method is intended to provide a simple
6.3 For both Procedures A and B, the apparatus is made
inexpensive means of generating conservative, comparative
from common rolled metal sections and other stock items. The
data on pullout strengths of various ties and anchors used with
knockdown jig used for pulling the end of the fastener
different types of masonry units and mortars. This test method
protruding from the masonry also serves as a reusable mold for
is recommended for such use until economical, improved
casting a gypsum head on that end of the fastener.The mold/jig
methods can be developed to simulate service conditions more
is reassembled around the gypsum pulling head when testing.
inclusively.
6.4 Instrumentation—Displacement of the fastener relative
6. Apparatus
to the masonry shall be measured by a dial gage or by an
6.1 Procedure A (Using Brick-Size Masonry Units):
electronic displacement transducer (for example, a linear
6.1.1 The testing machine shall conform to the requirements
variable differential transformer (LVDT). The instrument used
of PracticesE4.
shall be capable of reading 0.001 in. (0.025 mm) and be
6.1.2 AuxiliarypullingapparatusisshowninFig.1andFig.
accurate to 1 %.
2. These fixtures are provided with swivel joints and roller
bearings to eliminate lateral restraint and bending when apply-
7. Test Specimen
ing the pullout loads. The apparatus shall be designed to have
7.1 Sampling of Fasteners (Masonry Ties or Anchors)—
enoughstrengthandstiffnesstopreventitsyielding(inorderto
Test at least five specimens of a given type of fastener for each
given combination of masonry constituent materials. More
specimens may be needed depending on the variability of the
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.11.
FIG. 1 Procedure AApparatus and Setup
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
E754–80 (2000)
NOTE 1—1 in. = 25.4 mm.
FIG. 2 Procedure AApparatus and Setup
masonry constituents. If necessary, determine suitable statisti- tie or anchor. Unless otherwise specified, make the single
cal parameters to evaluate the composite variability and to mortar joint ⁄8 in. (10 mm) thick. Embed the fastener as
select the number of specimens needed for obtaining a given required for its proper use at the midlength of the masonry
minimum precision in determining the capacity of the fastener. units. (Unless otherwise specified, use a full bed of mortar on
7.2 Sampling and Testing of Masonry Units—Select repre- solid masonry units (without furrowing the mortar bed), and
sentative masonry units and test according to applicable fullybedthefaceshellsofhollowunits.)Strikethemortarjoint
C 67 and C 140) to determine flush with the faces of the masonry units without tooling. Mark
standard test methods (Methods
basic properties. the lower masonry unit for future reference (8.4.2).
7.3 Sampling and Testing of Mortar— Use mortar that is 7.5 Curing and Handling:
representative of that specified for the intended construction; 7.5.1 Cure all pullout specimens and corresponding mortar
or, for comparative research data, select one of the types of cube specimens for 28 days. Unless other conditions are
mortar specified in Specification C 270. Determine the com- specified, cure and test all specimens in laboratory air main-
pressive strength of the mortar in accordance withTest Method tained at 73°F (23°C) and 50 % relative humidity as provided
C 109 except that the sand shall conform to Specification by Specification E 171.
C 144. Allow the mortar to cure undisturbed for 24 h in the 7.5.2 To prevent accidental failure of mortar bond in the
molds. Release the cubes and store them in the same atmo- joints, do not disturb the pullout specimens for at least 14 days.
sphere as the pullout test specimens, as specified in 7.5. After that time they may be handled with care in order to
Determine and record the 28-day compressive strength of the complete capping operations before testing at a specimen age
mortar (at least three cubes for each set of five pullout of 28 days.
specimens), and the sieve analysis of the sand used.
8. Procedure
7.4 Fabrication—Construct at least five specimens for a
given combination of variables. Make each specimen a single- 8.1 Gypsum Capping Test Specimens— To provide a
wythe (one-tier), stack-bonded, two-unit prism containing one smooth bearing surface on the fastener side of the fabricated
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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