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ASTM D7294-13

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Collecting Treatment Process Design Data at a Contaminated Site—A Site Contaminated With Chemicals of Interest

Standard Guide for Collecting Treatment Process Design Data at a Contaminated Site—A Site Contaminated With Chemicals of Interest

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide allows the decision maker to determine which remedial treatment processes are and are not applicable to remediate an area of soil, surface water or ground water that contains contaminants of concern.  
4.2 This guide provides the data to make cost comparisons of the remedial treatment processes.  
4.3 Analysis of treatment process design data can often be performed at the site with field instruments and test kits.  
4.4 Tables 1 and 2 are a guide to selecting and obtaining physical and chemical treatment process design data. Data marked with an “X” is needed to evaluate alternatives and select a remedial treatment process. Once the remedial process is selected the additional data that are needed to design the selected remedial treatment process are marked with an “O.” It may be advisable to also collect the data marked with an “O” during the initial sampling event to minimize sampling trips to the site.  
4.5 Tables 3 and 4 list laboratory and field methods for analyzing this data. More than one analytical method may be listed. The most suitable method must be chosen for each application.
4.6 This guide does not address sampling for contaminants of concern and sampling locations. See EM 200-1-2 Technical Project Planning (TPP) under Engineering Manuals6 for information on sampling contaminants of concern. It is recommended that the treatment process design sampling be coordinated with the sampling for chemicals of concern to minimize duplicate sampling and trips to the site.  
4.7 This guide does not address physical and chemical properties related to contaminant transport. This is addressed in Guide D5730.  
4.8 This guide does not address why the data is needed to evaluate each treatment technology. This information is addressed in the Federal Remediation Technologies Roundtable (FRTR) site at http://www.frtr.gov in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers guidance documents at http://www.usace.army.mil/inet/usace-docs/ and the United Facilities Gui...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide lists the physical and chemical treatment processes design data needed to evaluate, select, and design treatment processes for remediation of contaminated sites. This data is listed in Tables 1 and 2. Much of these data can be obtained and analyzed at the site with instruments and test kits.  
1.2 It is recommended that this guide be used in conducting environmental site assessments and Remedial Investigations/Feasibility Studies (RI/FS) and selections of remedy in U.S. Code of Federal Regulations 40 CFR 300.430.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Aug-2013
ICS
71.020 - Production in the chemical industry
Technical Committee
D34 - Waste Management
Drafting Committee
D34.01.01 - Planning for Sampling
Current Stage
Ref Project

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7294 − 13
Standard Guide for
Collecting Treatment Process Design Data at a
Contaminated Site—A Site Contaminated With Chemicals of
1
Interest
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7294; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D3921 Test Method For Oil and Grease and Petroleum
3
Hydrocarbons in Water (Withdrawn 2013)
1.1 This guide lists the physical and chemical treatment
D4327 Test Method for Anions in Water by Suppressed Ion
processes design data needed to evaluate, select, and design
Chromatography
treatmentprocessesforremediationofcontaminatedsites.This
D4564 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in
3
data is listed in Tables 1 and 2. Much of these data can be
Place by the Sleeve Method (Withdrawn 2013)
obtained and analyzed at the site with instruments and test kits.
D4611 Test Method for Specific Heat of Rock and Soil
D4943 Test Method for Shrinkage Factors of Soils by the
1.2 It is recommended that this guide be used in conducting
Wax Method
environmental site assessments and Remedial Investigations/
D4972 Test Method for pH of Soils
Feasibility Studies (RI/FS) and selections of remedy in U.S.
D5084 Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Con-
Code of Federal Regulations 40 CFR 300.430.
ductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Wall Permeameter
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the D5334 Test Method for Determination of Thermal Conduc-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- tivity of Soil and Soft Rock by Thermal Needle Probe
Procedure
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. D5463 Guide for Use of Test Kits to Measure Inorganic
Constituents in Water
D5730 Guide for Site Characterization for Environmental
2. Referenced Documents
Purposes With Emphasis on Soil, Rock, the Vadose Zone
2
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
and Groundwater (Withdrawn 2013)
D422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils
D6836 Test Methods for Determination of the Soil Water
D1067 Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water
Characteristic Curve for Desorption Using Hanging
D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
Column, Pressure Extractor, Chilled Mirror Hygrometer,
D1498 Test Method for Oxidation-Reduction Potential of
or Centrifuge
Water
E953 Test Method for Fusibility of Refuse-Derived Fuel
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (RDF) Ash
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass 2.2 Other Documents:
Remediation Technologies Screening Matrix and Reference
D2434 Test Method for Permeability of Granular Soils
4
Guide
(Constant Head)
5
U.S. Code of Federal Regulations 40 CFR 300.430
D3590 Test Methods for Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen in Water
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
3.1.1 contaminants of concern, n—anysubstancepotentially
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.01 on
hazardous to human health or the environment and present at
Planning for Sampling.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2013. Published September 2013. Originally
the site and above background concentrations.
approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D7294– 06. DOI:
10.1520/D7294-13.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM www.astm.org.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available at http://www.frtr.gov
5
the ASTM website. Available at http://www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr/index.html
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7294 − 13
2
A
TABLE 1 Water Parameters
B
Technology
IN SITU TREATMENT
H
Phytoremediation XX X X X O O X O O O X
Permeable Reactive Barriers X X O X O X X O O X X O X X O X X O O X
Monitored Natural Attenuation X X X O O O XXXX X O X O O X XX O X
Enhanced Bioremediation X X X OOOO X X X X O X O O X X X O X
Air Sparging X X X O X X X O O X X O O X O O O X
Hot Water or Steam Flush/Strip See Soil, Sediment & Sludge Parameters—thermally enhanced SVE
Slurry Walls See Soil, Sediment & Sludge Parameters
I
Bioslurping XX X X X X X X
J
Dual (multiphase) Phase Extraction XX X X X
Chemical oxidation X X X O O X X O X O O O X O O X
In
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7294 − 06 D7294 − 13
Standard Guide for
Collecting Treatment Process Design Data at a
Contaminated Site—A Site Contaminated With Chemicals of
1
Interest
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7294; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide lists the physical and chemical treatment processes design data needed to evaluate, select, and design treatment
processes for remediation of contaminated sites. This data is listed in Tables 1 and 2. Much of these data can be obtained and
analyzed at the site with instruments and test kits.
1.2 It is recommended that this guide be used in conducting environmental site assessments and Remedial Investigations/
Feasibility Studies (RI/FS) and selections of remedy in U.S. Code of Federal Regulations 40 CFR 300.430.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils
D1067 Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water
D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
D1498 Test Method for Oxidation-Reduction Potential of Water
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
D2325 Test Method for Capillary-Moisture Relationships for Coarse- and Medium-Textured Soils by Porous-Plate Apparatus
3
(Withdrawn 2007)
D2434 Test Method for Permeability of Granular Soils (Constant Head)
D3152 Test Method for Capillary-Moisture Relationships for Fine-Textured Soils by Pressure-Membrane Apparatus (Withdrawn
3
2007)
D3590 Test Methods for Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen in Water
3
D3921 Test Method For Oil and Grease and Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Water (Withdrawn 2013)
D4327 Test Method for Anions in Water by Suppressed Ion Chromatography
3
D4564 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Sleeve Method (Withdrawn 2013)
D4611 Test Method for Specific Heat of Rock and Soil
D4943 Test Method for Shrinkage Factors of Soils by the Wax Method
D4972 Test Method for pH of Soils
D5084 Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible Wall
Permeameter
D5334 Test Method for Determination of Thermal Conductivity of Soil and Soft Rock by Thermal Needle Probe Procedure
D5463 Guide for Use of Test Kits to Measure Inorganic Constituents in Water
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.01 on Planning for
Sampling.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2006Sept. 1, 2013. Published November 2006September 2013. Originally approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as
D7294– 06. DOI: 10.1520/D7294-06. 10.1520/D7294-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7294 − 13
2
A
TABLE 1 Water Parameters
B
Technology
IN SITU TREATMENT
H
Phytoremediation X X X X X O O X O O O X
Permeable Reactive Barriers X X O X O X X O O X X O X X O X X O O X
Monitored Natural Attenuation X X X O O O X X X X X O X O O X X X O X
Enhanced Bioremediation X X X O O O O X X X X O X O O X X X O X
Air Sparging X X X O X X X O O X X O O X O O O X
Hot Water or Steam Flush/Strip See Soil, Sediment & Sludge Parameters—thermally enhanced SVE
Slurry Walls See Soil, Sediment & Sludge Parameters
I
Bioslurping X X X X X X X X
J
Dual (multiphase) Phase Extraction X X X X X
Chemical oxidation X X X O O X X O X O O O X O O X
In Well Air Stripping Same parameters as air sparging
Free Product Recovery See Dual (multiphase) Phase Extraction
EX SITU TREATMENT
Advanced Oxidation (UV) X X O X O X X X O X O O X X X O X O O
Bi
...

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4.2 This guide provides the data to make cost comparisons of the remedial treatment processes.  
4.3 Analysis of treatment process design data can often be performed at the site with field instruments and test kits.  
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1.3 This is a general guide only. Oil, as used in this guide, includes crude oils and refined petroleum products. Differences between individual dispersants or between different oil products are not considered. The dispersibility of the oil with the chosen dispersant should be evaluated.  
1.4 The guide is organized by habitat type, for example, small ponds and lakes, rivers and streams, and land. It considers the use of dispersants primarily to protect habitats from impact (or to minimize impacts).  
1.5 This guide applies only to freshwater and other inland environments. It does not consider the direct application of dispersants to subsurface waters.  
1.6 In making dispersant use decisions, appropriate government authorities should be consulted as required by law.  
1.7 This guide does not address getting regulatory approval.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C596-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Containing Hydraulic Cement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method establishes a selected set of conditions of temperature, relative humidity and rate of evaporation of the environment to which a mortar specimen of stated composition shall be subjected for a specified period of time during which its change in length is determined and designated “drying shrinkage.”  
4.2 The drying shrinkage of mortar as determined by this test method has a linear relation to the drying shrinkage of concrete made with the same cement and exposed to the same drying conditions.4 Hence this test method may be used when it is desired to develop data on the effect of a hydraulic cement on the drying shrinkage of concrete made with that cement.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the change in length on drying of mortar bars containing hydraulic cement and graded standard sand.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. When combined standards are referenced, the selection of measurement system is at the user’s discretion subject to the requirements of the referenced standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure).2  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1751-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Preformed Expansion Joint Filler for Concrete Paving and Structural Construction (Nonextruding and Resilient Asphalt Types)

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers preformed expansion joint filler having relatively little extrusion and substantial recovery after release from compression.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
Note 1: Attention is called to Specifications D1752 and D994/D994M.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM B637-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Precipitation-Hardening and Cold Worked Nickel Alloy Bars, Forgings, and Forging Stock for Moderate or High Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers hot- and cold-worked precipitation-hardenable nickel alloy rod, bar, forgings, and forging stock for high-temperature service. Chemical analysis shall be performed on the alloy and shall conform to the chemical composition requirement in carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, columbium, tantalum, titanium, aluminum, zirconium, boron, iron, copper, and nickel. The material shall follow recommended annealing treatment, solution treatment, stabilizing treatment, and precipitation hardening treatment. Tension testing, hardness testing and stress-rupture testing shall be performed on the material and shall comply to the required tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, reduction in area, and Brinell hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers hot- and cold-worked precipitation-hardenable nickel alloy rod, bar, forgings, and forging stock for moderate or high temperature service (Table 1).  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8139-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Semi-Rigid, Closed-Cell Polypropylene Foam, Preformed Expansion Joint Fillers for Concrete Paving and Structural Construction

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers preformed expansion joint fillers made from closed-cell polypropylene foam materials having suitable compressibility, recovery from compression, nonextruding, and weather-resistant characteristics.  
1.1.1 Type I, closed-cell polypropylene foam.  
1.2 These joint fillers are intended for use in concrete pavements in full-depth joints. There are several variations in size with typical thicknesses of 1/2 in. (12.7 mm), 3/4 in. (19.05 mm), and 1 in. (25.4 mm); typical widths of 31/2 in. (88.9 mm), 4 in. (101.6 mm), 5 in. (127 mm), 6 in. (152.5 mm), 7 in. (177.8 mm), 8 in. (203.2 mm), or 48 in. (1.2 m) sheet; and typical lengths of 5 ft (1.52 m) and 10 ft (3.05 m).  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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