ASTM D4175-09ae5
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants
Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, except that it does not include terms/definitions specific only to the standards in which they appear.
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to petroleum, petroleum products, lubricants, and certain products from biomass and chemical synthesis. Meanings of the same terms outside of applications to petroleum, petroleum products, and lubricants can be found in other compilations and in dictionaries of general usage.
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places: (1) in the standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.
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´5
Designation: D4175 − 09a
StandardTerminology Relating to
1
Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4175; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1
ε NOTE—Terms were transferred editorially in August 2010.
2
ε NOTE—Terms were transferred editorially in September 2011.
3
ε NOTE—Terms were transferred editorially in October 2012.
4
ε NOTE—Terms were transferred editorially in October 2013.
5
ε NOTE—Terms were transferred editorially in September 2014.
1. Scope* abrasive wear—wear due to hard particles or hard protuber-
ances forced against and moving along a solid surface.
1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of
[D02.L0] D5182
terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, except that it does not
absolute filtration rating, n—the diameter of the largest hard
include terms/definitions specific only to the standards in
spherical particle that will pass through a filter under
which they appear.
specified test conditions. This is an indication of the largest
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to
opening in the filter element. [D02.N0] D4174
petroleum,petroleumproducts,lubricants,andcertainproducts
absorbance, n—logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the
from biomass and chemical synthesis. Meanings of the same
reciprocal of the transmittance. [D02.03] D7740
termsoutsideofapplicationstopetroleum,petroleumproducts,
and lubricants can be found in other compilations and in
absorbance, A, n—the molecular property of a substance that
dictionaries of general usage.
determinesitsabilitytotakeupradiantpower,expressedby:
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places: (1) in the
A 5 log ~1/T!52log T
standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.
10 10
where T is the transmittance.
2. Terminology
DISCUSSION—Absorbance expresses the excess absorption over that
2.1 Alphabetical listing of terms with definitions for each
of a specified reference or standard. It is implied that compensation has
term showing attributions as to source and subcommittee
been affected for reflectance losses, solvent absorption losses, and
refractive effects, if present, and that attenuation by scattering is small
jurisdiction is in bold print following the definition. Those
compared with attenuation by absorption. [D02.04] D2008
showing no attributes are under the jurisdiction of Subcommit-
tee CS 95. Some abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols are
absorptivity, a, n—the specific property of a substance to
included in the list.
absorb radiant power per unit sample concentration and path
3-MPA, n—3-methylphenylamine [D02.J0] D6812 length, expressed by:
a 5 Af/bc
AAS, n—atomic absorption spectrometry, an analytical tech-
nique for measuring metal content of solutions, based on a
where:
combination of flame source, hollow cathode lamp,
A = the absorbance,
photomultiplier, and a readout device. [D02.03] D7876
f = the dilution factor,
b = sample cell path length, and
abrasion, n—wear due to hard particles or hard protuberances
c = the quantity of absorbing substance contained in a
forced against and moving along a solid surface.
volume of solvent.
[D02.B0] D4998
[D02.04] D2008
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
acceptance limit (AL), n—a numerical value that defines the
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
point between acceptable and unacceptable quality.
Subcommittee D02.95 on Terminology.
DISCUSSION—The AL is not necessarily the specification limit. It is
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published November 2009. Originally
thevaluethattakesintoaccountthespecificationvalue,thetestmethod
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D4175–09. DOI:
10.1520/D4175-09AE05. precision, and the confidence level desired for defining minimum
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
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D4175 − 09a
acceptable quality relative to the specification value. DISCUSSION—In this test method, the indicator is p-naphtholbenzein
[D02.94] D3244 titrated to a green/green-brown end point in a toluene-water-
isopropanol solvent. [D02.06] D974
accepted reference value (ARV), n—value that serves as an
agreed-upon reference for comparison and that is d
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´5 ´5
Designation: D4175 − 09a D4175 − 09a
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4175; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1
ε NOTE—Terms were transferred editorially in August 2010.
2
ε NOTE—Terms were transferred editorially in September 2011.
3
ε NOTE—Terms were transferred editorially in October 2012.
4
ε NOTE—Terms were transferred editorially in October 2013.
5
ε NOTE—Terms were transferred editorially in September 2014.
1. Scope*
1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum Products
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, except that it does not include terms/definitions specific only to the standards in which they
appear.
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to petroleum, petroleum products, lubricants, and certain products from
biomass and chemical synthesis. Meanings of the same terms outside of applications to petroleum, petroleum products, and
lubricants can be found in other compilations and in dictionaries of general usage.
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places: (1) in the standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.
2. Terminology
2.1 Alphabetical listing of terms with definitions for each term showing attributions as to source and subcommittee jurisdiction
is in bold print following the definition. Those showing no attributes are under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee CS 95. Some
abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols are included in the list.
3-MPA, n—3-methylphenylamine [D02.J0] D6812
AAS, n—atomic absorption spectrometry, an analytical technique for measuring metal content of solutions, based on a combination
of flame source, hollow cathode lamp, photomultiplier, and a readout device. [D02.03] D7876
abrasion, n—wear due to hard particles or hard protuberances forced against and moving along a solid surface.
[D02.B0] D4998
abrasive wear—wear due to hard particles or hard protuberances forced against and moving along a solid surface. [D02.L0]
D5182
absolute filtration rating, n—the diameter of the largest hard spherical particle that will pass through a filter under specified test
conditions. This is an indication of the largest opening in the filter element. [D02.N0] D4174
absorbance, n—logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the reciprocal of the transmittance. [D02.03] D7740
absorbance, A,n—the molecular property of a substance that determines its ability to take up radiant power, expressed by:
A 5 log ~1/T! 52log T
10 10
where T is the transmittance.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.95 on Terminology.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published November 2009. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D4175–09. DOI:
10.1520/D4175-09AE04.10.1520/D4175-09AE05.
DISCUSSION—
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
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D4175 − 09a
Absorbance expresses the excess absorption over that of a specified reference or standard. It is implied that compensation has been affected for
reflectance losses, solvent absorption losses, and refractive effects, if present, and that attenuation by scattering is small compared with attenuation by
absorption. [D02.04] D2008
absorptivity, a,n—the specific property of a substance to absorb radiant power per unit sample concentration and path length,
expressed by:
a 5 Af/bc
where:
A = the absorbance,
f = the dilution factor,
b = sample cell path length, and
c = the quantity of absorbing substance contained in a volume of solvent.
[D02.04] D2008
acceptance limit (AL), n—a numerical value that defines the point between acceptable and unacceptable quality.
DISCUSSION—
The AL is not necessarily the specification limit. It is the value that takes into account the specification value, the test method precision, and the
confidence level desired for de
...
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