ASTM D4175-01e1

An American National Standard
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Designation: D 4175 – 01
Standard Terminology Relating to
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Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4175; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
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e NOTE—Terms were transferred editorially in September 2001.
1. Scope absorptivity, a, n—the specific property of a substance to
absorb radiant power per unit sample concentration and path
1.1 This standard is the compilation of terminology devel-
length, expressed by:
oped by Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubri-
cants, except that it does not include terms/definitions specific a 5 Af/bc (2)
only to the standards in which they appear.
where:
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to
A = the absorbance defined in 3.1.4,
petroleum, petroleum products, and lubricants. Meanings of
f = the dilution factor defined in 3.1.5,
the same terms outside of applications to petroleum, petroleum
b = sample cell path length, and
products, and lubricants can be found in other compilations and
c = the quantity of absorbing substance contained in a
in dictionaries of general usage.
volume of solvent.
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places (1) in the
[D02.04] D 2008
standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.
acceptance limit (AL), n—a numerical value that defines the
point between acceptable and unacceptable quality.
2. Terminology
2.1 Alphabetical listing of terms with definitions for each DISCUSSION—The AL is not necessarily the specification limit. It is
the value that takes into account the specification value, the test method
term showing attributions as to source and subcommittee
precision, and the confidence level desired for defining minimum
jurisdiction is in bold print following the definition. Those
acceptable quality relative to the specification value.
showing no attributes are under the jurisdiction of Subcommit-
[D02.94] D 3244
tee CS 95.
accepted reference value, n—a value that serves as an
abrasion, n—wear by displacement of material caused by hard
agreed-upon reference for comparison and that is derived as
particles or hard protuberances. [D02.0B] D 4998
(1) a theoretical or established value, based on scientific
absolute filtration rating, n—the diameter of the largest hard
principles, (2) an assigned value, based on experimental
spherical particle that will pass through a filter under
work of some national or international organization, such as
specified test conditions. This is an indication of the largest
the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology
opening in the filter element. [D02.0N] D 4174
(NIST), or (3) a consensus value, based on collaborative
absorbance, A, n—the molecular property of a substance that
experimental work under the auspices of a scientific or
determines its ability to take up radiant power, expressed by:
engineering group. [D02.94] D 6299
A 5 log ~1/T! 5 –log T (1)
10 10
[E11] E 456, E 177
where T is the transmittance as defined in 3.1.3.
accuracy, n—the closeness of agreement between an observed
value and an accepted reference value. [D02.94] D 6299
DISCUSSION—Absorbance expresses the excess absorption over that
of a specified reference or standard. It is implied that compensation has [E11] E 456, E 177
been affected for reflectance losses, solvent absorption losses, and
acidity, n—the quality, state or degree of being acid.
refractive effects, if present, and that attenuation by scattering is small
DISCUSSION—In this test method, the criterion for acidity is a pink or
compared with attenuation by absorption. [D02.04] D 2008
red color when methyl orange indicator is used.
[D02.06] D 1093
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This terminology is under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum
acute ecotoxicity, n—the propensity of a material to produce
Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.95 on
adverse behavioral, biochemical, or physiological effects in
Terminology.
non-human organisms or populations in a short period of
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 2001. Published March 2001. Originally
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published as D 4175 – 83. Last previous edition D 4175 – 00 . time, usually not constituting a substantial portion of the life
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D 4175
DISCUSSION—Asphalt can be a natural product or a material obtained
span of the organism. [D02.0N] D 6046
from petroleum processing. [D02.0G] D 128
acute ecotoxicity, n—the propensity of a test material to
produce adverse behavioral, biochemical or physiological
assig
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