ASTM D519-90(1995)e1

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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e1
Designation: D 519 – 90 (Reapproved 1995)
Standard Test Method for
Length of Fiber in Wool Top
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 519; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout in June 1995.
1. Scope method, refer to Terminology D 123.
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the average
4. Summary of Test Method
length and length distribution of fibers in wool top, on a
4.1 The weight (mass) of fibers, in definite length incre-
mass-biased basis. The method is applicable to all types of
ments, is determined for each specimen or group of specimens
fibers in sliver formed from long parallelized fibers.
forming one sample. From the data obtained, the weight-biased
NOTE 1—The determination of fiber length of wool is covered in Test
average fiber length and the weight-biased distribution is
Method D 1575, Test Method for Fiber Length of Wool in Scoured Wool
calculated. A cumulative weight average length frequency
and in Card Sliver, the staple length of grease wool is covered in Test
curve may be plotted.
Method D 1234, Test Method of Sampling and Testing Staple Length of
Grease Wool.
5. Significance and Use
NOTE 2—This test method specifically requires length in inches and
mass in SI units and is not contrary to ASTM policy. The SI units in 5.1 Knowledge of the average fiber length and the distribu-
parentheses are provided for information only.
tion of fibers is of primary importance to users of top in further
processing.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.2 Acceptance specifications for the fiber length and length
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
distribution may be established by the user based on the type of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
yarn-making equipment employed and the desired end uses.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.3 Test Method D 519 for testing wool top for fiber length
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial
2. Referenced Documents
shipments since the method has been used extensively in the
trade for acceptance testing and the current estimates of the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
between-laboratory precisions are acceptable.
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
5.3.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
D 1234 Test Method of Sampling and Testing Staple Length
reported test results when using this test method for acceptance
of Grease Wool
testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the sup-
D 1575 Test Method for Fiber Length of Wool in Scoured
plier should conduct comparative testing to determine if there
Wool and Card Sliver
is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing
statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of
D 2130 Test Method for Diameter of Wool and Other
bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test
Animal Fibers by Microprojection
specimens that are as homogenous as possible and that are
3. Terminology
from a lot of the type material in question. The test specimens
should then be assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory
3.1 Definitions:
for testing. The average results from the two laboratories
3.1.1 top, n—in wool, a continuous untwisted strand of
should be compared using Student’s t-test for unpaired data
wool fibers from which the shorter fibers or noils have been
and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties
removed by combing.
before testing is begun. If a bias is found either its cause must
3.1.2 For definitions of textile terms used in this test
be found and corrected or the purchaser and supplier must
agree to interpret future test results in the light of the known
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-13 on
bias.
Textiles, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.13 on Wool and Wool
Felt.
6. Apparatus
Current edition approved Feb. 23, 1990. Published July 1990. Originally
published as D 519 – 38 T. Last previous edition D 519 – 78 (1983).
6.1 Comb Sorter, which can be used to separate long fibers
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 519
(Front View) (Rear View)
1—Frame. 5—Drawing clamp.
2—Faller bars. 6—Depressor.
3—Side comb. 7—Plush board.
4—Retaining bars. 8—Faller bar lifting plate.
FIG. 1 Wool Fiber Stapling Apparatus
TABLE 1 Form with Recorded Data Showing the Calculation of the Average Fiber Length of Wool, the Standard Deviation, and
Coefficient of Variation
NOTE 1—When using equipment graduated in metric units, use class intervals 10 mm long, and calculate the average and standard deviation to the
nearest 0.2 mm.
Cumulative Frequencies
Class Intervals, in. Mass, g Percentages
First Cumulative, Second Cumulative,
less than less than
6.0 to 6.5 0.014 2.4 100.0 840.1
5.5 to 6.0 0.010 1.7 97.6 740.1
5.0 to 5.5 0.013 2.2 95.9 642.5
4.5 to 5.0 0.018 3.1 93.7 546.6
4.0 to 4.5 0.038 6.5 90.6 452.9
3.5 to 4.0 0.051 8.7 84.1 362.3
3.0 to 3.5 0.062 10.6 75.4 278.2
2.5 to 3.0 0.072 12.3 64.8 202.8
2.0 to 2.5 0.079 13.5 52.5 138.0
1.5 to 2.0 0.080 13.6 39.0 85.5
1.0 to 1.5 0.065 11.0 25.4 46.5
0.5 to 1.0 0.045 7.7 14.4 21.1
0 to 0.5 0.039 6.7 6.7 6.7
Totals 0.586 100.05( 840.1 4363.3
Divided by ( percentages F 5 8.40 F 5 43.63
1 2
B 5 the largest midpoint value for which a frequency is recorded 5 6.25 in.
m 5 the class interval 5 0.5 in.
Percentage of fibers under 2 in. 5 39.0 %.
Calculations:
¯
X 5 B 2 m~F 2 1! 5 6.25 2 0.5~8.40 2 1! 5 2.55 in.
s 5 m=2F 2 F 2 F 5 0.5 =87.26 2 8.40 2 70.56 5 1.44 in.
2 1 1
v 5 100 ~s/X!5 1003~1.4/2.6!5 56.47 %.
where:
¯
X 5 average fiber length of wool,
s 5 standard deviation, and
v 5 coefficient of variation.
into 0.50-in. (12.7-mm) groups and the shorter fibers into Fig. 1. The bar or comb intervals are set at 0.5 in. (12.7 mm)
0.25-in. (6.4-mm) groups. The essential parts are shown in and 0.25 in. (6.4 mm).
NOTE 3—Essentially, the same facilities can be secured with two Baer
or two Zweigle sorters, or two Shirley units.
Apparatus meeting these requirements furnished by Alfred Suter Co., Prell
Plaza, Orangeburg, NY, has been found satisfactory. 6.1.1 Faller Bars, free of broken, missing, crooked, dull, or
D 519
corroded pins ( 2, Fig. 1). of the front faller bar. Discard the fibers removed.
6.1.2 Clamp, with jaws that meet straight and flush, and
9.6 By means of the drawing clamp, grip the fibers across
impart uniform pressure when closed (5, Fig. 1).
the full width of the sliver to a depth not to exceed ⁄16 in. (1.6
6.1.3 Depressor, at least as long as the sorter (6, Fig. 1).
mm) from the ends of the fibers (Note 4). Pull the fibers
6.2 Balance, with a sensitivity of 0.1 mg.
straight out slowly and pass them twice gently through the
6.3 Cardboard Cylinder, approximately 3 in. (75 mm) in
small combing bar. Discard all fibers removed by the small
diameter, 8 in. (200 mm) in length, and having a ⁄8-in. (3-mm)
combing bar (Note 5).
wall thickness.
NOTE 4—The depth of the clamp on the sliver and the length of the
fibers affect the weight of the wool per draw. The weight per draw with the
7. Sampling
bite not in excess of ⁄16 in. (1.6 mm) should be approximately 25 to 30 mg
7.1 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for acceptance testing,
on an average fine wool top and somewhat higher on coarser wool top.
take four lot sampling units (bales or cartons) for each 20 000
NOTE 5—The fibers are passed through the small combing bar to
lb (9000 kg) or fraction thereof.
remove loose, broken, short or entangled fibers that are not grasped by the
7.2 Laboratory Sample—As a laboratory sample for accep- clamp. This action also helps to maintain the parallel alignment of the
fibers.
tance testing, draw one section of sliver from the balled top, at
least 1 yd (1 m) in length from each lot sample unit. Material
9.7 Place the fibers held in the clamp on the left bank of pins
should be taken from the outside of the balled top. Wind the
in the following manner: Starting at the back, pull the tuft of
samples by hand onto cardboard cylinders under a tension of
fibers forward, across the top of the nee
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