ASTM D519-90(2001)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D 519 – 90 (Reapproved 2001)
Standard Test Method for
Length of Fiber in Wool Top
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 519; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.2 For definitions of textile terms used in this test
method, refer to Terminology D 123.
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the average
length and length distribution of fibers in wool top, on a
4. Summary of Test Method
mass-biased basis. The method is applicable to all types of
4.1 The weight (mass) of fibers, in definite length incre-
fibers in sliver formed from long parallelized fibers.
ments, is determined for each specimen or group of specimens
NOTE 1—The determination of fiber length of wool is covered in Test
forming one sample. From the data obtained, the weight-biased
Method D 1575, Test Method for Fiber Length of Wool in Scoured Wool
average fiber length and the weight-biased distribution is
and in Card Sliver, the staple length of grease wool is covered in Test
calculated. A cumulative weight average length frequency
Method D 1234, Test Method of Sampling and Testing Staple Length of
curve may be plotted.
Grease Wool.
NOTE 2—This test method specifically requires length in inches and
5. Significance and Use
mass in SI units and is not contrary to ASTM policy. The SI units in
parentheses are provided for information only.
5.1 Knowledge of the average fiber length and the distribu-
tion of fibers is of primary importance to users of top in further
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
processing.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.2 Acceptance specifications for the fiber length and length
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
distribution may be established by the user based on the type of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
yarn-making equipment employed and the desired end uses.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.3 Test Method D 519 for testing wool top for fiber length
2. Referenced Documents
is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial
shipments since the method has been used extensively in the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
trade for acceptance testing and the current estimates of the
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
between-laboratory precisions are acceptable.
D 1234 Test Method of Sampling and Testing Staple Length
5.3.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
of Grease Wool
reported test results when using this test method for acceptance
D 1575 Test Method for Fiber Length of Wool in Scoured
testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the sup-
Wool and Card Sliver
plier should conduct comparative testing to determine if there
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing
is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent
D 2130 Test Method for Diameter of Wool and Other
statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of
Animal Fibers by Microprojection
bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test
3. Terminology
specimens that are as homogenous as possible and that are
from a lot of the type material in question. The test specimens
3.1 Definitions:
should then be assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory
3.1.1 top, n—in wool, a continuous untwisted strand of
for testing. The average results from the two laboratories
wool fibers from which the shorter fibers or noils have been
should be compared using Student’s t-test for unpaired data
removed by combing.
and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties
before testing is begun. If a bias is found either its cause must
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles,
be found and corrected or the purchaser and supplier must
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.13 on Wool and Wool Felt.
agree to interpret future test results in the light of the known
Current edition approved Feb. 23, 1990. Published July 1990. Originally
bias.
published as D 519 – 38 T. Last previous edition D 519 – 78 (1983).
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 519
(Front View) (Rear View)
1—Frame. 5—Drawing clamp.
2—Faller bars. 6—Depressor.
3—Side comb. 7—Plush board.
4—Retaining bars. 8—Faller bar lifting plate.
FIG. 1 Wool Fiber Stapling Apparatus
TABLE 1 Form with Recorded Data Showing the Calculation of the Average Fiber Length of Wool, the Standard Deviation, and
Coefficient of Variation
NOTE 1—When using equipment graduated in metric units, use class intervals 10 mm long, and calculate the average and standard deviation to the
nearest 0.2 mm.
Cumulative Frequencies
Class Intervals, in. Mass, g Percentages
First Cumulative, Second Cumulative,
less than less than
6.0 to 6.5 0.014 2.4 100.0 840.1
5.5 to 6.0 0.010 1.7 97.6 740.1
5.0 to 5.5 0.013 2.2 95.9 642.5
4.5 to 5.0 0.018 3.1 93.7 546.6
4.0 to 4.5 0.038 6.5 90.6 452.9
3.5 to 4.0 0.051 8.7 84.1 362.3
3.0 to 3.5 0.062 10.6 75.4 278.2
2.5 to 3.0 0.072 12.3 64.8 202.8
2.0 to 2.5 0.079 13.5 52.5 138.0
1.5 to 2.0 0.080 13.6 39.0 85.5
1.0 to 1.5 0.065 11.0 25.4 46.5
0.5 to 1.0 0.045 7.7 14.4 21.1
0 to 0.5 0.039 6.7 6.7 6.7
Totals 0.586 100.0 = ( 840.1 4363.3
Divided by ( percentages F = 8.40 F = 43.63
1 2
B = the largest midpoint value for which a frequency is recorded = 6.25 in.
m = the class interval = 0.5 in.
Percentage of fibers under 2 in. = 39.0 %.
Calculations:
¯
X 5 B 2 m~F 2 1! 5 6.25 2 0.5~8.40 2 1! 5 2.55 in.
s 5 m 2F 2 F 2 F 5 0.5 87.26 2 8.40 2 70.56 5 1.44 in.
= =
2 1 1
v 5 100 ~s/X!5 1003~1.4/2.6!5 56.47 %.
where:
¯
X 5 average fiber length of wool,
s 5 standard deviation, and
v 5 coefficient of variation.
D 519
6. Apparatus 9.3 Immediately prior to performing the test, take one sliver
from the cardboard cylinder. Holding the sliver under light
6.1 Comb Sorter, which can be used to separate long fibers
tension place it on the pins on the right-hand side in such a way
into 0.50-in. (12.7-mm) groups and the shorter fibers into
that approximately 6 in. (150 mm) of sliver extends in front of
0.25-in. (6.4-mm) groups. The essential parts are shown in
the first faller bar and press down with the depressor (6, Fig. 1).
Fig. 1. The bar or comb intervals are set at 0.5 in. (12.7 mm)
The specimen should be confined to a width of not more than
and 0.25 in. (6.4 mm).
1 ⁄2 in. (38 mm).
NOTE 3—Essentially, the same facilities can be secured with two Baer
9.4 Using the hands, take and discard small amounts of
or two Zweigle sorters, or two Shirley units.
fibers not to exceed ⁄2-in. (12.7-mm) increments from the
6.1.1 Faller Bars, free of broken, missing, crooked, dull, or
overhanging end of the sliver until not more than 1 ⁄4 in. (30
corroded pins ( 2, Fig. 1).
mm) extends forward of the front faller bar.
6.1.2 Clamp, with jaws that meet straight and flush, and
9.5 By means of the drawing clamp ( 5, Fig. 1) pull off the
impart uniform pressure when closed (5, Fig. 1).
projecting fibers until the over-hanging portion of the sliver is
6.1.3 Depressor, at least as long as the sorter (6, Fig. 1).
squared and has an edge approximately ⁄4 in. (20 mm) forward
6.2 Balance, with a sensitivity of 0.1 mg.
of the front faller bar. Discard the fibers removed.
6.3 Cardboard Cylinder, approximately 3 in. (75 mm) in
9.6 By means of the drawing clamp, grip the fibers across
diameter, 8 in. (200 mm) in length, and having a ⁄8-in. (3-mm)
the full width of the sliver to a depth not to exceed ⁄16 in. (1.6
wall thickness.
mm) from the ends of the fibers (Note 4). Pull the fibers
straight out slowly and pass them twice gently through the
7. Sampling
small combing bar. Discard all fibers removed by the small
7.1 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for acceptance testing,
combing bar (Note 5).
take four lot sampling units (bales or cartons) for each 20 000
NOTE 4—The depth of the clamp on the sliver and the length of the
lb (9000 kg) or fraction thereof.
fibers affect the weight of the wool per draw. The weight per draw with the
7.2 Laboratory Sample—As a laboratory sample for accep-
bite not in excess of ⁄16 in. (1.6 mm) should be approximately 25 to 30 mg
tance testing, draw one sect
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