ASTM E2927-13
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Elements in Soda-Lime Glass Samples Using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for Forensic Comparisons
Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Elements in Soda-Lime Glass Samples Using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for Forensic Comparisons
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful for the determination of elemental concentrations in the microgram per gram (µgg-1) to percent (%) levels in soda-lime glass samples. A standard test method can aid in the interchange of data between laboratories and in the creation and use of glass databases.
4.2 The determination of elemental concentrations in glass provides high discriminating value in the forensic comparison of glass fragments.
4.3 This test method produces minimal destruction of the sample. Microscopic craters of 50 to 100 µm in diameter by 80 to 150-µm deep are left in the glass fragment after analysis. The mass removed per replicate is approximately 0.4 to 3.1 µg.
4.4 Appropriate sampling techniques should be used to account for natural heterogeneity of the materials at a microscopic scale.
4.5 The precision, accuracy, and limits of detection of the method (for each element measured) should be established in each laboratory that employs the method. The measurement uncertainty of any concentration value used for a comparison should be recorded with the concentration.
4.6 Acid digestion of glass followed by either Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) or Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) may also be used for trace elemental analysis of glass, and offer similar detection levels and the ability for quantitative analysis. However, these methods are destructive, and require larger sample sizes and much longer sample preparation times (Test Method E2330).
4.7 Micro X-Ray Fluorescence (µ-XRF) uses comparable sample sizes to those used for LA-ICP-MS with the advantage of being non-destructive of the sample. Some of the drawbacks of µ-XRF are poorer sensitivity and precision, and longer analysis time.
4.8 Scanning Electron Microscopy with EDS (SEM-EDS) is also available for elemental analysis, but it is of limited use for forensic glass source discrimination due to poor detection limits for higher at...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the quantitative elemental analysis of the following seventeen elements: lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), titanium (Ti), manganese (Mn), rubidium (Rb), strontium (Sr), zirconium (Zr), barium (Ba), lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), neodymium (Nd), hafnium (Hf) and lead (Pb) through the use of Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for the forensic comparison of glass fragments. The potential of these elements to provide the best discrimination among different sources of soda-lime glasses has been published elsewhere (1-5).2 Silicon (Si) is also monitored for use as an internal standard. Additional elements can be added as needed, for example, tin (Sn) can be used to monitor the orientation of float glass fragments.
1.2 The method only consumes approximately 0.4 to 2 g of glass per replicate and is suitable for the analysis of full thickness samples as well as irregularly shaped fragments as small as 0.1 mm by 0.4 mm in dimension. The concentrations of the elements listed above range from the low parts per million (µgg-1) to percent (%) levels in soda-lime-silicate glass, the most common type encountered in forensic cases. This standard method may be applied for the quantitative analysis of other glass types; however, some modifications in the reference standard glasses and the element menu may be required.
1.3 This standard does not replace knowledge, skill, ability, experience, education or training and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health ...
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Designation: E2927 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Trace Elements in Soda-Lime Glass
Samples Using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma
1
Mass Spectrometry for Forensic Comparisons
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2927; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
One objective of a forensic glass examination is to compare glass samples to determine if they can
be discriminated using their physical, optical or chemical properties (for example, color, refractive
index (RI), density, elemental composition). If the samples are distinguishable in any of these
observed and measured properties, it may be concluded that they did not originate from the same
source of broken glass. If the samples are indistinguishable in all of these observed and measured
properties,thepossibilitythattheyoriginatedfromthesamesourceofglasscannotbeeliminated.The
use of an elemental analysis method such as laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass
spectrometry yields high discrimination among sources of glass.
1. Scope standardmethodmaybeappliedforthequantitativeanalysisof
otherglasstypes;however,somemodificationsinthereference
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the quantitative
standard glasses and the element menu may be required.
elemental analysis of the following seventeen elements:
lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), potassium (K),
1.3 This standard does not replace knowledge, skill, ability,
calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), titanium (Ti), manganese (Mn),
experience, education or training and should be used in
rubidium (Rb), strontium (Sr), zirconium (Zr), barium (Ba),
conjunction with professional judgment.
lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), neodymium (Nd), hafnium (Hf)
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
and lead (Pb) through the use of Laser Ablation Inductively
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for the
standard.
forensic comparison of glass fragments. The potential of these
elements to provide the best discrimination among different 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
sources of soda-lime glasses has been published elsewhere safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2
(1-5). Silicon (Si) is also monitored for use as an internal responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
standard. Additional elements can be added as needed, for priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
example,tin(Sn)canbeusedtomonitortheorientationoffloat bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
glass fragments.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2 The method only consumes approximately 0.4 to2gof
3
glass per replicate and is suitable for the analysis of full
2.1 ASTM Standards:
thickness samples as well as irregularly shaped fragments as
E2330 Test Method for Determination of Concentrations of
small as 0.1 mm by 0.4 mm in dimension. The concentrations
Elements in Glass Samples Using Inductively Coupled
of the elements listed above range from the low parts per
Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) for Forensic Com-
-1
million(µgg )topercent(%)levelsinsoda-lime-silicateglass,
parisons
the most common type encountered in forensic cases. This
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
ASTM Test Methods
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE30onForensic
Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.01 on Criminalistics.
3
Current edition approved June 1, 2013. Published July 2013. DOI: 10.1520/ For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
E2927-13. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
this standard. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E2927 − 13
3. Summary of Test Method 5. Apparatus
3.1 The glass fragments usually do not require sample 5.1 LA-ICP-MS—A Laser Ablation system coupled to an
preparation prior to the LA-ICP-MS analysis. However, they ICP-MS instrument is employed. Since there are several
may be washed with solvents or pre-ablated if necessary. manufacturers for both laser ablation units and ICP-MS
instruments, the instrument maker, model, configuration and
3.2 The glass fragment is placed inside an
...
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