ASTM D4175-00e1

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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Designation: D 4175 – 00 An American National Standard
Standard Terminology Relating to
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Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4175; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
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e NOTE—Terms were added editorially in August 2000.
1. Scope absorb radiant power per unit sample concentration and path
length, expressed by:
1.1 This standard is the compilation of terminology devel-
oped by Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubri- a 5 Af/bc (2)
cants, except that it does not include terms/definitions specific
where:
only to the standards in which they appear.
A = the absorbance defined in 3.1.4,
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to
f = the dilution factor defined in 3.1.5,
petroleum, petroleum products, and lubricants. Meanings of
b = sample cell path length, and
the same terms outside of applications to petroleum, petroleum
c = the quantity of absorbing substance contained in a
products, and lubricants can be found in other compilations and
volume of solvent.
in dictionaries of general usage.
[D02.04] D 2008
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places (1) in the
acceptance limit (AL), n—a numerical value that defines the
standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.
point between acceptable and unacceptable quality.
2. Terminology
DISCUSSION—The AL is not necessarily the specification limit. It is
the value that takes into account the specification value, the test method
2.1 Alphabetical listing of terms with definitions for each
precision, and the confidence level desired for defining minimum
term showing attributions as to source and subcommittee
acceptable quality relative to the specification value.
jurisdiction is in bold print following the definition. Those
[D02.94] D 3244
showing no attributes are under the jurisdiction of Subcommit-
tee CS 95. acidity, n—the quality, state or degree of being acid.
DISCUSSION—In this test method, the criterion for acidity is a pink or
abrasion, n—wear by displacement of material caused by hard
red color when methyl orange indicator is used.
particles or hard protuberances. [D02.0B] D 4998
[D02.06] D 1093
absolute filtration rating, n—the diameter of the largest hard
spherical particle that will pass through a filter under
acute ecotoxicity, n—the propensity of a material to produce
specified test conditions. This is an indication of the largest
adverse behavioral, biochemical, or physiological effects in
opening in the filter element. [D02.0N] D 4174
non-human organisms or populations in a short period of
absorbance, A, n—the molecular property of a substance that
time, usually not constituting a substantial portion of the life
determines its ability to take up radiant power, expressed by:
span of the organism. [D02.0N] D 6046
A 5 log ~1/T! 5 –log T (1) additive, n—a material added to another, usually in small
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amounts, to impart or enhance desirable properties or to
where T is the transmittance as defined in 3.1.3.
suppress undesirable properties. [D02.0B] D 5862
DISCUSSION—Absorbance expresses the excess absorption over that
aerobic, adj—(1) taking place in the presence of oxygen; (2)
of a specified reference or standard. It is implied that compensation has
living or active in the presence of oxygen.
been affected for reflectance losses, solvent absorption losses, and
[D02.0N] D 6006, D 6046
refractive effects, if present, and that attenuation by scattering is small
air-fuel ratio, n—in internal combustion engines, the mass
compared with attenuation by absorption. [D02.04] D 2008
ratio of air-to-fuel in the mixture being induced into the
absorptivity, a, n—the specific property of a substance to
combustion chambers.
DISCUSSION—In this test method, air-fuel ratio is controlled indirectly
1 by exhaust gas analysis for CO and O contents. During Stages I and II,
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This terminology is under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum
O is the primary determinant, while CO is the primary determinant in
Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.95 on 2
Terminology.
Stage III. [D02.0B] D 5302
Current edition approved June 10, 2000. Published July 2000. Originally
published as D 4175 – 83. Last previous edition D 4175 – 96. anaerobic, adj—(1) taking place in the absence of oxygen; (2)
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D 4175
DISCUSSION—In
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