ASTM D4175-18e1

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Designation: D4175 − 18
Standard Terminology Relating to
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Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4175; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
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ε NOTE—Terms were transferred and updated editorially in November 2018.
1. Scope* absorbance, (A), n—themolecularpropertyofasubstancethat
determinesitsabilitytotakeupradiantenergy,expressedby:
1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of
terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum A 5 log ~1⁄ T!52log ~T! (1)
10 10
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, except that it does not
where T is the transmittance.
include terms/definitions specific only to the standards in
DISCUSSION—Absorbance expresses the excess absorption over that
which they appear.
of a specified reference or standard. It is implied that compensation has
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to
been affected for reflectance losses, solvent absorption losses, and
petroleum,petroleumproducts,lubricants,andcertainproducts
refractive effects, if present, and that attenuation by scattering is small
from biomass and chemical synthesis. Meanings of the same compared with attenuation by absorption. [D02.14] D7996
termsoutsideofapplicationstopetroleum,petroleumproducts,
absorbance, A, n—the molecular property of a substance that
and lubricants can be found in other compilations and in
determinesitsabilitytotakeupradiantpower,expressedby:
dictionaries of general usage.
A 5 log 1/T 52log T
~ !
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places: (1) in the 10 10
standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.
where T is the transmittance.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accor- DISCUSSION—Absorbance expresses the excess absorption over that
of a specified reference or standard. It is implied that compensation has
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
been affected for reflectance losses, solvent absorption losses, and
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
refractive effects, if present, and that attenuation by scattering is small
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
compared with attenuation by absorption. [D02.04] D2008
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
absorptivity, a, n—the specific property of a substance to
absorb radiant power per unit sample concentration and path
2. Terminology
length, expressed by:
2.1 Alphabetical listing of terms with definitions for each
a 5 Af/bc
term showing attributions as to source and subcommittee
where:
jurisdiction is in bold print following the definition. Those
showing no attributes are under the jurisdiction of Subcommit-
A = the absorbance,
f = the dilution factor,
tee CS 95. Acronyms, abbreviations, and symbols are listed
b = sample cell path length, and
separately in 2.2, following the defined terms.
c = the quantity of absorbing substance contained in a
abrasive wear, n—wear due to hard particles or hard protu-
volume of solvent.
berances forced against and moving along a solid surface.
[D02.04] D2008
[D02.B0] D4998; [D02.L0] D5182
acceptance limit (AL), n—a numerical value that defines the
absorbance, n—logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the
point between acceptable and unacceptable quality.
reciprocal of the transmittance. [D02.03] D7740
DISCUSSION—The AL is not necessarily the specification limit. It is a
value that takes into account the specification limit, the test method
precision, and the desired probability of product acceptance if the
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This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
quality is at the specification limit.
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
[D02.94] D3244
Subcommittee D02.95 on Terminology.
Current edition approved April 1, 2018. Published April 2018. Originally
accepted reference value (ARV), n—value that serves as an
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D4175–17b. DOI:
10.1520/D4175-18E01. agreed-upon reference for comparison and that is derived as
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
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D4175 − 18
DISCUSSION—In this test method, the acid number is calculated from
(1) a theoretical or established value, based on s
...