ASTM B200-85(2004)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: B200 – 85 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Specification for
Electrodeposited Coatings of Lead and Lead-Tin Alloys on
Steel and Ferrous Alloys
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B200; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope B487 Test Method for Measurement of Metal and Oxide
CoatingThicknessbyMicroscopicalExaminationofCross
1.1 Thisspecificationcoverstherequirementsforelectrode-
Section
positedcoatingsofleadandlead-tinalloysonsteelandferrous
B499 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thick-
alloys.Thecoatingsoflead-tinalloysarethosethatrangeintin
nessesbytheMagneticMethod:NonmagneticCoatingson
content up to but not exceeding 15 mass%. The coatings
Magnetic Basis Metals
rangingbetween3and15mass%intincontentareknownalso
B504 Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Me-
as “terne” metallic electrodeposits.
tallic Coatings by the Coulometric Method
1.2 This specification does not apply to sheet, strip, or wire
B507 Practice for Design ofArticles to Be Electroplated on
in the unfabricated form.
Racks
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
B567 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thickness
test method portion, Section 11, of this specification: This
by the Beta Backscatter Method
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
B568 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thickness
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
by X-Ray Spectrometry
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
B571 Practice for QualitativeAdhesion Testing of Metallic
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
Coatings
tions prior to use.
B602 Test Method for Attribute Sampling of Metallic and
2. Referenced Documents Inorganic Coatings
B697 Guide for Selection of Sampling Plans for Inspection
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of Electrodeposited Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
B183 Practice for Preparation of Low-Carbon Steel for
3. Terminology
Electroplating
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of the terms used in this speci-
B242 Guide for Preparation of High-Carbon Steel for Elec-
fication are in accordance with Terminology B374.
troplating
B320 Practice for Preparation of Iron Castings for Electro-
4. Classification
plating
4.1 The coating designation shall comprise the following:
B322 Guide for Cleaning Metals Prior to Electroplating
4.1.1 The chemical symbol for the basis metal.
B339 Specification for Pig Tin
4.1.2 The chemical symbol for the undercoating of copper
B374 Terminology Relating to Electroplating
or nickel, if used.
4.1.3 The chemical symbol Pb representing lead or the
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on
symbolPbSnforthelead-tinalloy.Whentinispresent,thetin
Metallic and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
content of the coating will appear before the symbol Sn. For
B08.08.04 on Soft Metals.
example, Pb 5 Sn refers to a coating having the minimum
Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published April 2004. Originally
composition 5 mass% tin, remainder lead.
approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as B200–85(1999).
DOI: 10.1520/B0200-85R04.
4.1.4 A number indicating the minimum thickness of the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
coatinginmicrometres(µm).Thisminimumthicknessshallbe
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6, 12, 25, or 40 µm, and shall apply to all significant surfaces
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. specified in 8.2.2 and 8.3.1.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
B200 – 85 (2004)
4.2 Examples: operations, preliminary to electroplating of specimens, includ-
4.2.1 Fe-Pb-5-Sn-40 represents a lead-tin alloy coating ingthespacing,platingmedia,bathagitation,andtemperature,
having5mass%tincontent,remainderlead,onaferrousbasis inrespecttootherobjectsbeingelectroplated,shallcorrespond
metal. The thickness is 40 µm minimum. as nearly as possible to those affecting the significant surfaces
4.2.2 Fe-Cu-Pb-6 represents a lead coating on a ferrous ofthearticlesrepresented.Unlessaneedcanbedemonstrated,
basis metal with a copper strike. The thickness is 6 µm separately prepared specimens shall not be used in place of
minimum. production items for nondestructive and visual examinations.
6.2 Thickness and Adhesion Specimens— If separate speci-
5. Sampling
mens for thickness and adhesion tests are required, they shall
5.1 Lot—An inspection lot is defined as a collection of
be strips approximately 25 mm wide, 100 mm long, and 1 mm
finished articles that are of the same kind, that have been thick.
produced to the same specification, that have been coated by a
6.3 Corrosion Resistance Specimens— If separate speci-
single supplier at one time or at approximately the same time mens for corrosion resistance tests are required, they shall be
under essentially identical conditions, and that are submitted
panels not less than 150 mm long, 100 mm wide, and
for acceptance or rejection as a group. approximately 1 mm thick.
5.2 Selection—A random sample of the size required by
6.4 Hydrogen Embrittlement Specimens— If specimens are
TestMethodB602shallbeselectedfromtheinspectionlot(see required, the configuration shall be that specified by the
5.1). The articles in the lot shall be inspected for conformance
purchaser.
to the requirements of this specification and the lot shall be
classifiedasconformingornonconformingtoeachrequirement
7. Significance and Use
according to the criteria of the sampling plans in Test Method
7.1 Electrodeposits of lead and lead-tin alloys on steel and
B602.
ferrous alloys are produced where it is desired to obtain
NOTE 1—Test Method B602 contains three sampling plans that are to atmosphericcorrosionresistance.Depositsofleadandlead-tin
be used with nondestructive test methods and a fourth to be used with
alloys on steel have shown to have excellent corrosion protec-
destructivetestmethods.Thethreemethodsfornondestructivetestsdiffer
tive qualities in atmospheric exposure, especially when under-
inthequalityleveltheyrequireoftheproduct.TestMethodB602requires
coated by a thin deposit of copper (or nickel).Applications of
use of the plan with the intermediate quality level unless the purchaser
lead and lead-tin alloy deposits include the following: protec-
specifies otherwise. The purchaser should compare the plans with his
tion from dilute sulfuric acid; lining of brine refrigeration
needsandstatewhichplanistobeused.IftheplansinTestMethodB602
tanks; chemical apparatus; and parts for storage batteries; and
do not serve the needs, additional ones are given in Guide B697.
NOTE 2—When both destructive and nondestructive tests exist for the for coating bearing surfaces. In this last application, lead is
measurement of a characteristic, the purchaser needs to state which is to
electroplated alone, or as an alloy and coated with another
be used so that the proper sampling plan is selected. Also, a test may
metal, such as indium. The indium may be diffused into the
destroy the coating in a noncritical area; or, although it destroys the
lead or lead alloy by heat treatment. See Appendix X1.
coating, the tested article might be reclaimed by stripping and recoating.
The purchaser needs to state whether the test is to be considered
8. Ordering Information
destructive or nondestructive.
8.1 Whenorderingarticlestobeelectroplatedinaccordance
5.3 Separate Specimens—If separate specimens are to be
with this specification, the purchaser shall state the coating
used to represent the finished articles in a test, the specimens
designation (see Section 4), the minimum thickness on signifi-
shall be of the nature, size, number, and be processed as
cantsurfaces,inadditiontotheASTMdesignationnumberand
required in 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 and 6.4.
year of issue.
6. Specimen Preparation
8.2 If necessary, the purchaser shall include on his part,
drawings, or purchase order the following:
6.1 Electroplated Parts or Separate Specimens—When the
8.2.1 Electroplating application to high-strength steel, if
electroplated parts are of such form, shape, size, and value as
specified (see 9.2.2).
to prohibit use thereof, or are not readily adaptable to a test
8.2.2 Location of significant surfaces, to be shown on part
specifiedherein,orwhendestructivetestsofsmalllotsizesare
drawing, or by the provision of a suitably marked sample.
required, the test shall be made by the use of separate
8.2.3 Hydrogen embrittlement test, if required (see 6.4).
specimens plated concurrently with the articles represented.
8.2.4 Sample size for inspection, if other than specified (see
The separate specimens shall be of a basis metal equivalent to
Section 5).
that of the articles represented. “Equivalent” basis metal
incudes chemical composition, grade, condition, and finish of 8.2.5 Supplementary requirements, if applicable (see
Supplementary Requirements).
surface prior to electroplating. For example, a cold-rolled steel
surface should not be used to represent a hot-rolled steel 8.2.6 Separate test specimens, if permitted (see 6.1).
8.2.7 Certification, if required (see Section 13).
surface.Duetotheimpracticalityofforgingorcastingseparate
test specimens, hot-rolled steel specimens may be used to 8.3 The manufacturer of the basis metal parts should pro-
vide the supplier of the coating facility, with the following
representforgedandcast-steelarticles.Theseparatespecimens
mayalsobecutfromscrapcastingswhenferrousalloycastings data:
are being electroplated. These separate specimens shall be 8.3.1 Hardness or tensile strength of steel parts (see 9.2.2
introduced into a lot at regular intervals before the cleaning and 9.2.3).
B200 – 85 (2004)
NOTE 4—Whensignificantsurfacesareinvolvedonwhichthespecified
8.3.2 Heat treatment for stress relief, whether or not it has
thickness of finish cannot be readily controlled, it will be necessary to
been performed or is required.
apply greater thickness on the more accessible surfaces, to use special
racking, or both. The thickness requirements of this specification are
9. Coating Requirements
minimum, (see Table 2). Variation in the finish thickness from point to
9.1 Composition—The coating compositions shall be as
point on a coated article is inherent in electroplating.Therefore, the finish
specified in Table 1.
thickness will have to exceed the specified value at some points on the
9.2 Process—Lead and lead-tin alloy coatings shall be significant surfaces to ensure that it equals or exceeds the specified value
at all points. In most cases, the average finish thickness on an article will
producedbyelectrodepositioninaqueoussolutionofsalts.For
be greater than the specified value; how much greater is largely deter-
the preparation of ferrous metal surfaces necessary to assure
mined by the shape of the article (see Practice B507) and the character-
good deposit, adhesion, and quality, see Practices B183, B242,
istics of the plating process. In addition, the average finish thickness on
B320, and B322.
articleswillvaryfromarticletoarticlewithinaproductionlot,Therefore,
9.2.1 A copper or nickel strike, 2.5 µm thick, may be
if all of the articles in a production lot are to meet the thickness
employed and is desirable (see X1.1.2).
requirement,theaveragefinishthicknessfortheproductionlotasawhole
9.2.2 Steel parts with ultimate tensile strengths greater than
will be greater than the average necessary to assure that a single article
meets the requirement.
1050 Mpa (approximately 32 HRC) and that have been
machined, ground, cold-formed, or cold-straightened shall be
9.5 Corrosion Resistance—Lead and lead-tin coatings shall
stressrelievedbeforeprocessingbyheattreatingfor5hat190
show neither corrosion products of lead (or lead-tin) nor basis
6 15°C. Steel parts having an ultimate tensile strength greater
metal corrosion products at the end of the test period, (see
than 2350 MPa (approximately 50 HRC) shall not be coated
Table 2), when tested by continuous exposure to salt spray in
with lead or lead-tin alloys by electrodeposition.
accordance with 11.4. The appearance of corrosion products
9.2.3 Steel parts with ultimate tensile strengths greater than
visible to the unaided eye at normal reading distance shall be
1125 MPa (approximately 35 HRC) and greater, shall be heat
cause for rejection except that corrosion products at the edges
treated within 4 h after plating to remove hydrogen embrittle-
of specimens shall not constitute failure.
ment. The heat treatment shall be at least for3hat190 6
15°C.
NOTE 5—Corrosion is defined as the presence of more than 66 rust
9.2.4 Defects and variations in appearance in the finish that
spots per square metre, or more than two rust spots in an area less than 3
arise from surface conditions of the substrate (for example, square decimetres, or rust spots larger than 1.6 mm in diameter.
scratches, pores, roll marks, inclusions, etc.) and that persist in
10. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
the finish despite the observance of good metal-finishing
practices shall not be cause for rejection.
10.1 Thesurfaceoftheelectroplatedarticleshallbeuniform
in appearance and free of visible coating defects, such as
NOTE 3—Applied finishes generally perform better in service when the
substrate over which they are applied is smooth and free of torn metal, blisters, pits, roughness, nodules, burning, cracks, or unplated
inclusions, pores, and other defects. It is recommended that the specifi-
areas, and other defects that will affect the function of the
cations covering the unfinished products provide limits for these defects.
coating. However, superficial staining that results from rinsing
Ametalfinishercanoftenremovedefectsthroughspecialtreatmentssuch
or slight discoloration from any drying or baking operation to
asgrinding,polishing,abrasiveblasting,chemicaletching,andelectropol-
relieve hydrogen embrittlement, shall not be cause for rejec-
ishing.However,thesearenotnormalinthetreatmentstepsprecedingthe
tion. On articles where a visible contact mark is unavoidable,
application of the finish. When they are desired they shall be the subject
of agreement between the buyer and the seller. its position shall be that
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