ASTM D4175-02ae1

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An American National Standard
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Designation: D 4175 – 02a
Standard Terminology Relating to
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Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4175; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
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e NOTE—Terms were added editorially in October 2003.
of a specified reference or standard. It is implied that compensation has
1. Scope
been affected for reflectance losses, solvent absorption losses, and
1.1 This standard is the compilation of terminology devel-
refractive effects, if present, and that attenuation by scattering is small
oped by Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubri-
compared with attenuation by absorption. D 2008
cants, except that it does not include terms/definitions specific
absorptivity, a, n—the specific property of a substance to
only to the standards in which they appear.
absorb radiant power per unit sample concentration and path
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to
length, expressed by:
petroleum, petroleum products, and lubricants. Meanings of
the same terms outside of applications to petroleum, petroleum
a 5 Af/bc
products, and lubricants can be found in other compilations and
where:
in dictionaries of general usage.
A = the absorbance defined in 3.1.4,
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places (1) in the
f = the dilution factor defined in 3.1.5,
standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.
b = sample cell path length, and
c = the quantity of absorbing substance contained in a
2. Terminology
volume of solvent.
2.1 Alphabetical listing of terms with definitions for each
D 2008
term showing attributions as to source and subcommittee
acceptance limit (AL), n—a numerical value that defines the
jurisdiction is in bold print following the definition. Those
point between acceptable and unacceptable quality.
showing no attributes are under the jurisdiction of Subcommit-
tee CS 95. Some abbreviations, acronyms and symbols are
DISCUSSION—The AL is not necessarily the specification limit. It is
included in the list. the value that takes into account the specification value, the test method
precision, and the confidence level desired for defining minimum
abrasion, n—wear by displacement of material caused by hard
acceptable quality relative to the specification value. D 3244
particles or hard protuberances. D 4998
abrasive wear—wear due to hard particles or hard protuber- accepted reference value, n—a value that serves as an
ances forced against and moving along a solid surface.
agreed-upon reference for comparison and that is derived as
D 5182 (1) a theoretical or established value, based on scientific
absolute filtration rating, n—the diameter of the largest hard
principles, (2) an assigned value, based on experimental
spherical particle that will pass through a filter under work of some national or international organization, such as
specified test conditions. This is an indication of the largest the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology
opening in the filter element. D 4174 (NIST), or (3) a consensus value, based on collaborative
absorbance, A, n—the molecular property of a substance that experimental work under the auspices of a scientific or
determines its ability to take up radiant power, expressed by: engineering group. D 6299, [E11] E 456, E 177
accuracy, n—the closeness of agreement between a test result
A 5 log 1/T 5 –log T
~ !
10 10
and an accepted reference value. D 6792
where T is the transmittance as defined in 3.1.3.
acid number, n—the quantity of base, expressed as milligrams
DISCUSSION—Absorbance expresses the excess absorption over that
of potassium hydroxide per gram of sample, required to
titrate a sample to a specified end point.
DISCUSSION—This test method expresses the quantity of base as
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This terminology is under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum
milligrams of potassium hydroxide per gram of sample, that is required
Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.95 on
to titrate a sample in the solvent from its initial meter reading in
Terminology.
millivolts to a meter reading in millivolts corresponding to a freshly
Current edition approved Aug. 10, 2002. Published September 2002. Originally
published as D 4175–83. Last previous edition D 4175–02. prepared non-aqueous basic buffer solution or a well-defined inflection
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