ASTM D4175-09
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants
Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants, except that it does not include terms/definitions specific only to the standards in which they appear.
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to petroleum, petroleum products, and lubricants. Meanings of the same terms outside of applications to petroleum, petroleum products, and lubricants can be found in other compilations and in dictionaries of general usage.
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places: (1) in the standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.
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Designation:D4175–09
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4175; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
DISCUSSION—Absorbance expresses the excess absorption over that
1. Scope*
ofaspecifiedreferenceorstandard.Itisimpliedthatcompensationhas
1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of
been affected for reflectance losses, solvent absorption losses, and
terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum
refractive effects, if present, and that attenuation by scattering is small
Products and Lubricants, except that it does not include
compared with attenuation by absorption. [D02.04] D2008
terms/definitions specific only to the standards in which they
absorptivity, a, n—the specific property of a substance to
appear.
absorbradiantpowerperunitsampleconcentrationandpath
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to
length, expressed by:
petroleum, petroleum products, and lubricants. Meanings of
thesametermsoutsideofapplicationstopetroleum,petroleum a 5 Af/bc
products,andlubricantscanbefoundinothercompilationsand
where:
in dictionaries of general usage.
A = the absorbance,
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places: (1) in the
f = the dilution factor,
standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.
b = sample cell path length, and
c = the quantity of absorbing substance contained in a
2. Terminology
volume of solvent.
2.1 Alphabetical listing of terms with definitions for each
[D02.04] D2008
term showing attributions as to source and subcommittee
acceptance limit (AL), n—a numerical value that defines the
jurisdiction is in bold print following the definition. Those
point between acceptable and unacceptable quality.
showingnoattributesareunderthejurisdictionofSubcommit-
DISCUSSION—The AL is not necessarily the specification limit. It is
tee CS 95. Some abbreviations, acronyms and symbols are
thevaluethattakesintoaccountthespecificationvalue,thetestmethod
included in the list.
precision, and the confidence level desired for defining minimum
3-MPA, n—3-methylphenylamine [D02.J0] D6812
acceptable quality relative to the specification value. [D02.94]
abrasion, n—wearbydisplacementofmaterialcausedbyhard
D3244
particles or hard protuberances. [D02.B0] D4998
accepted reference value, n—a value that serves as an
abrasive wear—wear due to hard particles or hard protuber-
agreed-upon reference for comparison and that is derived as
ances forced against and moving along a solid surface.
(1) a theoretical or established value, based on scientific
[D02.L0] D5182
principles, (2) an assigned value, based on experimental
absolute filtration rating, n—the diameter of the largest hard
work of some national or international organization, such as
spherical particle that will pass through a filter under
the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology
specified test conditions. This is an indication of the largest
(NIST), or (3) a consensus value, based on collaborative
opening in the filter element. [D02.N0] D4174
experimental work under the auspices of a scientific or
absorbance, A, n—the molecular property of a substance that
engineering group. [D02.01] D6890, [D02.94] D6299,
determinesitsabilitytotakeupradiantpower,expressedby:
D6792, [E11] E456,E177
A 5log 1/T 5–log T
~ !
10 10
DISCUSSION—In the context of this test method, accepted reference
where T is the transmittance.
value is understood to apply to the Research octane number of specific
reference materials determined empirically under reproducibility con-
ditions by the National Exchange Group or another recognized ex-
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
change testing organization. [D02.01] D2699, D2700
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
DISCUSSION—In the context of this method, accepted reference value
D02.95 on Terminology.
is understood to apply to the ignition delay of specific reference
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2009. Published February 2009. Originally
materials determined under reproducibility conditions by collaborative
´1
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4175–08b . DOI:
10.1520/D4175-09. experimental work. [D02.01] D7170
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
´1
Designation:D4175–08b Designation: D 4175 – 09
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4175; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
´ NOTE—Terms were transferred editorially in October 2008.
1. Scope*
1.1 ThisterminologystandardcoversthecompilationofterminologydevelopedbyCommitteeD02onPetroleumProductsand
Lubricants, except that it does not include terms/definitions specific only to the standards in which they appear.
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to petroleum, petroleum products, and lubricants. Meanings of the same
terms outside of applications to petroleum, petroleum products, and lubricants can be found in other compilations and in
dictionaries of general usage.
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places: (1) in the standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.
2. Terminology
2.1 Alphabetical listing of terms with definitions for each term showing attributions as to source and subcommittee jurisdiction
is in bold print following the definition. Those showing no attributes are under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee CS 95. Some
abbreviations, acronyms and symbols are included in the list.
3-MPA, n—3-methylphenylamine [D02.J0] D 6812
abrasion, n—wear by displacement of material caused by hard particles or hard protuberances. [D02.B0] D 4998
abrasive wear—wear due to hard particles or hard protuberances forced against and moving along a solid surface. [D02.L0]
D 5182
absolute filtration rating, n—the diameter of the largest hard spherical particle that will pass through a filter under specified test
conditions. This is an indication of the largest opening in the filter element. [D02.N0] D 4174
absorbance, A, n—the molecular property of a substance that determines its ability to take up radiant power, expressed by:
A 5log ~1/T! 5–log T
10 10
where T is the transmittance.
DISCUSSION—Absorbance expresses the excess absorption over that of a specified reference or standard. It is implied that compensation has been
affected for reflectance losses, solvent absorption losses, and refractive effects, if present, and that attenuation by scattering is small compared with
attenuation by absorption. [D02.04] D 2008
absorptivity, a, n—the specific property of a substance to absorb radiant power per unit sample concentration and path length,
expressed by:
a 5 Af/bc
where:
A = the absorbance,
f = the dilution factor,
b = sample cell path length, and
c = the quantity of absorbing substance contained in a volume of solvent.
[D02.04] D 2008
acceptance limit (AL), n—a numerical value that defines the point between acceptable and unacceptable quality.
DISCUSSION—The ALisnotnecessarilythespecificationlimit.Itisthevaluethattakesintoaccountthespecificationvalue,thetestmethodprecision,
and the confidence level desired for defining minimum acceptable quality relative to the specification value. [D02.94] D 3244
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.95 on
Terminology.
Current edition approved March 1, 2008. Published March 2008. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4175–08a.
´1
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2009. Published February 2009. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4175–08b .
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4175–09
accepted reference value, n—a value that serves as an agreed-upon reference for comparison and that is derived as (1)a
theoretical or established value, based on scientific principles, (2) an assigned value, based on experimental work of some
nationalorinternationalorganization,suchastheU.S.NationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology(NIST),or(3)aconsensus
value, based on collaborative experimental work under the auspices of a scientific or engineering group. [D02.01] D 6890,
[D02.94] D 6299, D 6792, [E11]
...
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