ASTM D5098-16(2021)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D5098 −16 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Specification for
Artists’ Acrylic Dispersion Paints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5098; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D387Test Method for Color and Strength of Chromatic
Pigments with a Mechanical Muller
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for
D476Classification for Dry Pigmentary Titanium Dioxide
composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of
Products
artists’ acrylic emulsion paints.
D602Specification for Barium Sulfate Pigments
1.2 This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and addi-
D1210Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-
tives. Requirements are included for pigment identification,
Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type Gage
lightfastness, bleeding, consistency, and drying time.
D1640Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Formation
1.3 Table 1 lists some pigments meeting the lightfastness of Organic Coatings
D3168Practice for Qualitative Identification of Polymers in
requirements in this specification. In order to identify other
pigments that meet these requirements, instructions are given Emulsion Paints
D4236Practice for Labeling Art Materials for Chronic
for test specimen preparation. Test methods for determining
relative lightfastness are referenced. Health Hazards
D4303Test Methods for Lightfastness of Colorants Used in
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Artists’Materials
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
D4838Test Method for Determining the Relative Tinting
only.
Strength of Chromatic Paints
1.5 This pertains only to the test method section found in
D4941Practice for Preparing Drawdowns of Artists’ Paste
Sections 6 and 7, and Appendix X2. This standard does not
Paints
purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated
E284Terminology of Appearance
with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard
to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental 3. Terminology
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
3.1 Definitions:
tions prior to use.
3.1.1 colour index name, n—consists of the category (type
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
ofdyeorpigment),generalhue,andanassignednumbergiven
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
to a colorant in the Colour Index as an international identifi-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
cation system.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1.1.1 Discussion—For example, the Colour Index Name
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
of one phthalocyanine blue pigment is Pigment Blue 15 (PB
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
15).
3.1.2 Colour Index Number, n—afive-digitnumbergivenin
2. Referenced Documents
the Colour Index that describes the chemical constitution of a
2.1 ASTM Standards:
colorant.
D185Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Forexample,theColourIndexNumber
D279Test Methods for Bleeding of Pigments
of one phthalocyanine blue pigment is 74160.
3.1.3 Appearance terms used in this specification are de-
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D01 on Paint
fined in Terminology E284.
andRelatedCoatings,Materials,andApplicationsandisthedirectresponsibilityof
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Subcommittee D01.57 on Artist Paints and Related Materials.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2021. Published November 2021. Originally 3.2.1 acrylic emulsion paint, n—paint containing a stable
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D5098–16. DOI:
aqueous dispersion of polymers or copolymers of acrylic acid,
10.1520/D5098-16R21.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Colour Index, 3rd ed., 5 Vols and Revisions. The Society of Dyers and
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Colourists, London, 1971–75. Available from the American Association of Textile
theASTM website. Chemists and Colorists, P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5098−16 (2021)
TABLE 1 Suitable Pigment List
NOTE 1—Underlined information and the lightfastness rating in the table shall be included on every label.
Key:
Lightfastness Category:
Lightfastness I Excellent Lightfastness
Lightfastness II Very Good Lightfastness
Abbreviations used in Colour Index Names:
PB Pigment Blue
PBk Pigment Black
PBr Pigment Brown
PG Pigment Green
PO Pigment Orange
PR Pigment Red
PV Pigment Violet
PW Pigment White
PY Pigment Yellow
Pigment Notations:
(AR) Alkali Resistant
(CC) Concentrated cadmium pigments may contain up to 15 % barium sulfate for color control. Cadmium-barium pigments contain a much higher amount of
barium sulfate.
(DL) May darken in strong light
(LF) Lightfast type
(NA) Colour index name or number not assigned
(RS) Red shade
(SM) Sensitive to moisture in direct sunlight
(SS) Sensitive to hydrogen sulfide
Lightfastness Category
Colour Index Colour Index
Common Name and Chemical Class
Name Number
Acrylic
YELLOWS
PY 3 II Arylide Yellow 10G, with option of adding the name Hansa Yellow Light, arylide yellow 11710
PY 35 I Cadmium (hue designation), concentrated cadmium zinc sulfide (CC) (SM) 77205
PY 35:1 I Cadmium-(hue designation), cadmium zinc sulfide coprecipitated with barium sulfate (SM) 77205:1
PY 37 I Cadmium (hue designation), concentrated cadmium sulfate (CC) (SM) 77199
PY 37:1 I Cadmium-Barium (hue designation), cadmium sulfide coprecipitated with barium sulfate (SM) 77199:1
PY 42 I Mars Yellow or Iron Oxide Yellow, with option of adding the name Yellow Iron Oxide, 77492
synthetic hydrated iron oxide
PY 42 I Mars Orange or Iron Oxide Orange, synthetic hydrated iron oxide 77492
PY 43 I Yellow Ochre, natural hydrated iron oxide 77492
PY 53 I Nickel Titanate Yellow, oxides of nickel, antimony and titanium 77788
PY 65 I Arylide Yellow RN, with option of adding Hansa Yellow RN, arylide yellow 11740
PY 73 I Arylide Yellow GX, with option of adding the name Hansa Yellow GX, arylide yellow 11738
PY 74 (LF) I Arylide Yellow 5Gx, with option of adding Hansa Yellow 5GX, arylide yellow 11741
PY 83 (HR70) I Diarylide Yellow HR70, diarylide yellow 21108
PY 97 I Arylide Yellow FGL, arylide yellow 11767
PY 98 I Arylide Yellow 10GX, with option of adding the name Hansa Yellow 10GX, arylide yellow 11727
PY 108 I Anthrapyrimidine Yellow, anthrapyrimidine 68420
PY 109 I Isoindolinone Yellow G, tetrachloroisoindolinone NA
PY 110 I Isoindolinone Yellow R, tetrachloroisoindolinone 56280
PY 112 I Flavanthrone Yellow, flavanthrone 70600
PY 138 I Quinophthalone Yellow, quinophthalone 56300
PY 139 I Isoindoline Yellow, isoindoline NA
PY 150 I Nickel Azo Yellow, nickel complex azo NA
PY 151 I Benzimidazolone (hue designation) H4G, benzimidazolone 13980
PY 153 I Nickel Dioxine Yellow, dioxine yellow nickel complex NA
PY 154 I Benzimidazolone (hue designation) H3G, benzimidazolone 11781
PY 175 I Benzimidazolone (hue designation) H6G, benzimidazolone 11784
PY 184 I Bismuth Vanadate Yellow, bismuth vanadate NA
ORANGES
PO 5 II Dinitraniline Orange, dinitraniline (SM) 12075
PO 20 I Cadmium (hue designation), concentrated cadmium sulfo-selenide (CC) 77202
PO 20:1 I Cadmium-Barium (hue designation), cadmium sulfoselenide coprecipitated with barium sulfate 77202:1
PO 23 I Cadmium Vermilion Orange, concentrated cadmium mercury sulfide (CC) 77201
PO 23:1 I Cadmium-Barium Vermilion Orange, cadmium mercury sulfide coprecipitated with barium sulfate 77201:1
PO 36 I Benzimidazolone (hue designation) HL, benzimidazolone 11780
PO 43(DL) I Perinone Orange, perinone 71105
PO 48 I Quinacridone (hue designation), quinacridone NA
PO 49 I Quinacridone (hue designation), quinacridone NA
PO 60 I Benzimidazolone (hue designation) HGL, benzimidazolone 11782
PO 62 I Benzimidazolone (hue designation) H5G, monoacetolone 11775
REDS
PR 5 II Naphthol ITR, naphthol ITR 12490
PR 7 I Naphthol AS-TR, naphthol AS-TR 12420
PR 9 I Naphthol AS-OL, naphthol AS-OL 12460
REDS (cont’d)
PR 14 II Naphthol AS-D, naphthol AS-D 12380
D5098−16 (2021)
TABLE1 Continued
Lightfastness Category
Colour Index Colour Index
Common Name and Chemical Class
Name Number
Acrylic
PR 101 I Indian Red, synthetic red iron oxide (bluish hue) 77491
PR 101 I Light or English Red Oxide, synthetic red iron oxide (yellowish hue) 77491
PR 101 I Mars Red or Mars Orange or Iron Oxide Red or Iron Oxide Orange, with option of adding the name 77491
Red Iron Oxide, synthetic red iron oxide
PR 101 I Mars Violet or Iron Oxide Violet, with option of adding the name Violet Iron Oxide, synthetic iron oxide 77015
(violet hue)
PR 101 I Venetian Red, synthetic iron oxide (yellowish hue) 77491
PR 102 I Light Red, calcined yellow ochre 77492
PR 106 I Vermilion, mercuric sulfide (DL) 77766
PR 108 I Cadmium (hue designation), concentrated cadmium-seleno sulfide (CC) 77202.1
PR 108:1 I Cadmium-Barium (hue designation), cadmium seleno-sulfide coprecipitated with barium sulfate 77202:1
PR 112 II Naphthol AS-D, naphthol AS-D 12370
PR 113 I Cadmium Vermilion Red Light, Medium or Deep, concentrated cadmium mercury sulfide (CC) 77201
PR 113:1 I Cadmium-Barium Vermilion Red Light, Medium or Deep, cadmium mercury sulfide coprecipitated with 77201:1
barium sulfate
PR 119 I Naphthol Red, naphthol NA
PR 122 I Quinacridone (hue designation), γ quinacridone 73915
PR 123 II Perylene (hue designation), perylene 71145
PR 149 I Perylene (hue designation), perylene 77137
PR 168 I Brominated Anthanthrone, brominated anthanthrone 59300
PR 170 F3RK-70 I Naphthol Red, naphthol carbamide 12475
PR 170 F5RK II Naphthol Crimson, naphthol carbamide 12475
PR 171 I Benzimidazolone (hue designation), monoazo benzimidazolone 12512
PR 175 I Benzimidazolone (hue designation), benzimidazolone 71513
PR 179 I Perylene (hue designation), perylene 71130
PR 181 I Thioindigoid Magenta, thioindigoid 73360
PR 188 I Naphthol AS, naphthol AS 12467
PR 190 I Perylene (hue designation), perylene 71140
PR 192 I Quinacridone (hue designation), γ quinacridone red NA
PR 194 I Perinone Red Deep, perinone 71100
PR 202 I Quinacridone (hue designation), quinacridone 73907
PR 206 I Quinacridone Burnt Orange, quinacridone NA
PR 207 I Quinacridone (hue designation), quinacridone red 73900
PR 209 I Quinacridone Yellow Red, quinacridone red γ 73905
PR 242 I Disazo condensation 20067
PR 254 I Pyrrole Red, pyrrolopyrrol 73902
PR 255 I Pyrrole Scarlet, pyrrolopyrrol NA
PV 19 I Quinacridone (hue designation), γ quinacridone red 73900
PURPLES
PV 15 I Ultramarine Red, complex silicate of sodium and aluminum with sulfur, or sodium alumino- 77007
sulphosilicate
PV 15 I Ultramarine Violet, complex silicate of sodium and aluminum with sulfur, or sodium alumino- 77007
sulphosilicate
PV 19(DL) I Quinacridone (hue designation), quinacridone violet b 73900
PV 23 (RS) II Dioxazine Purple, carbazole dioxazine 51319
PV 31 I Isoviolanthrone Violet, isoviolanthrone 60010
BLUES
PB 15 I Phthalocyanine Blue or Phthalo Blue, copper phthalocyanine 74160
PB 16 I Phthalocyanine Blue, metal free phthalocyanine 74100
PB 22 I Indanthrone Blue, indanthrone 69810
PB 27 II Prussian Blue with option of adding the name Milori Blue, ferri-ammonium ferrocyanide 77510
PB 28 I Cobalt Blue, oxides of cobalt and aluminum or cobalt aluminate 77346
PB 29 I Ultramarine Blue, complex silicate of sodium and aluminum with sulfur, or sodium alumino- 77007
sulphosilicate
PB 33 I Manganese Blue, barium manganate with barium sulfate 77112
PB 35 I Cerulean Blue, oxides of cobalt and tin or cobalt stannate 77368
PB 36 I Cerulean Blue, Chromium or Cobalt Chromite Blue, oxides of cobalt and aluminum, or cobalt chromite 77343
PB 60 I Indanthrone Blue, indanthrone 69800
GREENS
PG 7 I Phthalocyanine Green or Phthalo Green, chlorinated copper phthalocyanine 74260
PG 10 I Green Gold with option of adding the name Nickel Azo Yellow, nickel chelated azo 12775
PG 17 I Chromium Oxide Green, anhydrous chromium sesquioxide 77288
PG 19 I Cobalt Green, oxides of cobalt and zinc, or cobalt zincate 77335
PG 23 I Green Earth or Terra Verte, natural ferrous silicate containing magnesium and aluminum potassium 77009
silicates
PG 26 I Cobalt Green, cobalt chromite 77344
PB 36 I Cobalt Chromite Green or Cobalt Turquoise, oxides of cobalt and chromium, or cobalt chromite 77343
PG 36 I Phthalocyanine Green, chlorinated and brominated phthalocyanine 74265
PG 50 I Light Green Oxide, oxides of nickel, cobalt, and titanium 77377
BROWNS
PBr 6 I Mars Brown or Iron Oxide Brown with option of adding the name Brown Iron Oxide, synthetic brown 77499
iron oxide or mixture of synthetic iron oxides
D5098−16 (2021)
TABLE1 Continued
Lightfastness Category
Colour Index Colour Index
Common Name and Chemical Class
Name Number
Acrylic
PBr 7 I Burnt Sienna, calcined natural iron oxide 77491 or 77492
PBr 7 I Burnt Umber, calcined natural iron oxide containing manganese 77491 or 77492
PBr 7 I Raw Sienna, natural iron oxide 77491 or 77492
PBr 7 I Raw Umber, natural iron oxide containing manganese 77491 or 77492
BLACKS
PBk 6 I Lamp Black, nearly pure amorphous carbon 77266
PBk 7 I Carbon Black, nearly pure amorphous carbon 77266
PBk 9 I Ivory Black or Bone Black, amorphous carbon produced by charring animal bones 77267
PBk 10 I Graphite Gray, crystallized carbon 77265
PBk 11 I Mars Black or Iron Oxide Black, with option of adding the name Black Iron Oxide, synthetic black iron 77499
oxide
WHITES
PW 4 I Zinc White, zinc oxide 77947
PW 6 I Titanium White, titanium dioxide (rutile or anatase) 77891
methacrylic acid, esters of these acids, or acrylonitrile; some- 5.1.6 Proprietary names or optional names may be used
times termed latex, acrylic latex, or polymer emulsion paint. providedtheCommonName(s)giveninTable1islistedalong
withtheirColourIndexNamesandtheLightfastnessCategory
3.2.2 glycols, n—general term for dihydric alcohols used to
of the mixture somewhere on the label.
provide freeze-thaw stability in acrylic and other water-based
5.1.7 Mixed Pigments—Artists’paints containing more than
vehicle systems.
one pigment comply with this specification if all colored
pigments included in the mixture are on the suitable pigment
4. Significance and Use
list (Table 1) and provided the mixture itself has passed all
4.1 This specification establishes quality requirements and
other test requirements in this specification. The lightfastness
provides a basis for common understanding among producers,
category shall be that of the least lightfast pigment. This
distributors, and users.
lightfastness category may be changed if the mixture is tested
4.2 It is not intended that all paints meeting the require-
for lightfastness in accordance with Test Methods D4303 and
ments be identical nor of uniform excellence in all respects.
results indicating a different category are submitted to ASTM
Variations in manufacture, not covered by this specification,
Subcommittee D01.57 for evaluation.
maycausesomeartiststopreferonebrandoveranother,either
5.1.8 Historical and Discontinued Pigments—Pigmentsthat
of which may be acceptable under this specification.
are either (1) primarily of a historical nature, or (2) have not
beencommerciallymanufacturedforaminimumof10yearsor
5. Labeling Requirements
more,maybesubmittedtoSubcommitteeD01.57forinclusion
in Table X3.1.
5.1 Pigment(s) Identification:
5.1.8.1 The Common Name(s) of pigments in Table X3.1
5.1.1 Every label shall include for each pigment contained
in the paint (1) the information underlined in Table 1 (which maybeusedbysubstitutedpigmentswithoutthedesignationof
“Hue” in the title.
includes the Common Name, Colour Index Name, and any
additionaltermsnecessarytoidentifytheformofthepigment) 5.1.8.2 Paints using pigments listed in Table X3.1 may use
the word “Genuine” in front of the title to differentiate them
and (2) the appropriate Lightfastness Category.
5.1.2 The complete pigment identification given in Table 1, from substituted pigments.
which also includes the Colour Index Number and a simple
5.2 Provide on the label identification of polymer used in
chemical description, shall be given by the producer in an
the paint.
appropriateelectronicversionorprintedpublication.Manufac-
NOTE 1—The type of polymer can be identified by using Practice
turers are encouraged to put this complete identification on the
D3168.
container label when label size permits.
5.3 Lightfastness—The label shall contain the word “Light-
5.1.3 TheCommonNameshallbeplacedonthefrontofthe
label and shall be the name of the paint except as described in fastness” followed by the appropriate rating, I or II, as given
foreachpigmentinTable1,orelseoneofthesecorresponding
5.1.5 and 5.1.6. Other identification may be placed elsewhere
icons (Fig. 1).
on the container.
5.3.1 Lightfastness I pigments, when made into paint speci-
5.1.4 The Colour Index Name may be spelled out in full or
abbreviated depending on the size of the label. Example: mens as described in Section 7 and exposed, tested, and rated
in accordance with Test Methods D4303, shall have a color
Pigment Blue 15, or Pig. Blue 15 or PB 15.
5.1.5 Substituted Pigments—In the case of substituted difference (∆E* ) of 4 or less CIELAB units between the
ab
specimens measured before and after exposure.
pigments, except for those pigments listed in Table X3.1, the
word“Hue”inequalsizelettersshallfollowinthetitle,onthe 5.3.2 Lightfastness II pigments, when made into paint
front of the tube, immediately after the name of the pigment specimens as described in Section 7 and exposed, tested, and
that has been simulated. rated in accordance with Test Methods D4303, shall have a
D5098−16 (2021)
6.1.2 Environmental Conditions—Factors such as
temperature, humidity, air flow, and light conditions affect
application properties, film formation, drying time, and adhe-
sion.
6.1.3 Storage—Factors such as aging, and high and low
temperatures may cause changes in consistency.
6.2 Vehicles—Only acrylic polymer emulsions or acrylic
copolymer emulsions may be used (see Note 1).
6.3 Pigments—The pigments shall be limited to those rec-
ommended for use in acrylic emulsion paints in the list of
suitablepigmentsinTable1.Theirlightfastnessratingshallbe
FIG. 1Lightfastness Rating
the numeral given in the same row.
colordifference(∆E* )ofmorethan4.0butnot
...