ASTM D6894-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Aeration Resistance of Engine Oils in Direct-Injected Turbocharged Automotive Diesel Engine
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Aeration Resistance of Engine Oils in Direct-Injected Turbocharged Automotive Diesel Engine
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Background—In the HEUI fuel system, the engine oil from the oil sump not only lubricates the engine, it also supplies a high-pressure oil system that takes oil from the main gallery and pressurizes it up to 20.7 MPa in a plunger pump (see Fig. A1.1). This oil is used to operate unit injectors that, when used in combination with intensifiers, increase the fuel injection pressure up to 145 MPa, independent of engine speed. The electronic controls permit varied injection timing and duration to provide optimum fuel economy and emissions. This system may, however, circulate all the oil in the sump in approximately 8 s; as a consequence, aeration of the oil can occur with some engine oils. International determined that 8 % oil aeration was the limit beyond which engine operation and performance would be impaired in actual service.
Prior to 1994, the ability of an engine lubricant to resist aeration was measured by Test Method D 892. During the development of the API CG-4 category in 1994, however, it was found that this bench test did not correlate with aeration in the International T 444E engine. The EOAT was developed, therefore, to provide a better measurement of the ability of a lubricant to resist aeration during engine operation. This test has been included in API CG-4, CH-4, and CI-4 categories for heavy-duty diesel engine oils.
Method—The data obtained from the use of this test method provide a comparative index of the aeration resistance of engine oils used in medium- and heavy-duty truck diesel engines.
Use—The tendency of engine oils to aerate in direct-injection, turbocharged diesel engines is influenced by a variety of factors, including engine oil formulation variables, oil temperature, sump design and capacity, residence time of the oil in the sump, and the design of the pressurized oil systems. In some engine-oil-activated injection systems, the residence time of the oil in the sump is insufficient to allow dissipation of aeration from the oil. As a ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method was designed to evaluate an engine oil's resistance to aeration in automotive diesel engine service. It is commonly referred to as the Engine Oil Aeration Test (EOAT). The test is conducted using a specified 7.3L, direct-injection, turbocharged diesel engine on a dynamometer test stand. This test method was developed as a replacement for Test Method D 892 after it was determined that this bench test did not correlate with oil aeration in actual service. The EOAT was first included in API Service Category CG-4 in 1995.
Note 1—Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil performance for specification requirements are discussed in the latest revision of Specification D 4485.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exception—Where there is no direct SI equivalent, for example, screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, and tubing size.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This test method is arranged as follows: Section Scope1 Referenced Documents2 Terminology3 Summary of Test Method4 Significance and Use5 Apparatus6 Reagents and Materials7 Preparation of Apparatus8 Calibration9 Test Procedure10 Determination of Test Results11 Report13 Precision and Bias14 Keywords15 Engine System DrawingsAnnex A1
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Designation: D6894 – 08
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Aeration Resistance of Engine Oils in Direct-
1
Injected Turbocharged Automotive Diesel Engine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6894; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Any properly equipped laboratory, without outside assistance, can use the procedure described in
2
this test method. However, theASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) provides reference oils and an
assessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory. By these means, the laboratory
will know whether their use of the test method gives results statistically similar to those obtained by
other laboratories. Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services in
seeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army imposes such a
requirement in connection with several Army engine lubricating oil specifications.
Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories that utilize the TMC services.
Laboratories that choose not to use those services may simply ignore those portions of the test method
that refer to the TMC.
This test method may be modified by means of information letters issued by the TMC. In addition,
the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to the method. For other information, refer to
3
the research report for this test method.
1. Scope 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
1.1 This test method was designed to evaluate an engine
standard.
oil’s resistance to aeration in automotive diesel engine service.
1.2.1 Exception—WherethereisnodirectSIequivalent,for
It is commonly referred to as the Engine Oil Aeration Test
example, screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, and
(EOAT). The test is conducted using a specified 7.3L, direct-
tubing size.
injection, turbocharged diesel engine on a dynamometer test
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
stand. This test method was developed as a replacement for
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Test Method D892 after it was determined that this bench test
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
did not correlate with oil aeration in actual service. The EOAT
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
was first included in API Service Category CG-4 in 1995.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil perfor-
1.4 This test method is arranged as follows:
manceforspecificationrequirementsarediscussedinthelatestrevisionof
Section
Specification D4485.
Scope 1
Referenced Documents 2
Terminology 3
Summary of Test Method 4
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Significance and Use 5
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Apparatus 6
Reagents and Materials 7
D02.B0.02 on Heavy Duty Engine Oils.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally Preparation of Apparatus 8
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D6894–03. DOI: Calibration 9
Test Procedure 10
10.1520/D6894-08.
2
Determination of Test Results 11
ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC), 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA
Report 12
152006-4489.
3
Precision and Bias 13
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
Keywords 14
be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1379.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6894 – 08
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International
Engine System Drawings Annex A1
System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
6
2. Referenced Documents
2.2 SAE Standard:
4
2.1 ASTM Standards: J 304 Engine Oil Tests
7
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at 2.3 API Standard:
Atmospheric Pressure API 1509 Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
3. Terminology
Closed Cup Tester
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
3.1 Definitions:
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Pe- 3.1.1 automotive, adj—descriptive of equipment associated
troleum Products by Copper Strip Test
with self-propelled machinery, usually vehicles driven by
D287 Test Method forAPI Gravity of Crude Petroleum and internal combustion engines. D6594
Petroleum Pr
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D6894–03 Designation: D 6894 – 08
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Aeration Resistance of Engine Oils in Direct-
1
Injected Turbocharged Automotive Diesel Engine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6894; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Any properly equipped laboratory, without outside assistance, can use the procedure described in
2
this test method. However, theASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) provides reference oils and an
assessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory. By these means, the laboratory
will know whether their use of the test method gives results statistically similar to those obtained by
other laboratories. Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services in
seeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army imposes such a
requirement in connection with several Army engine lubricating oil specifications.
Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories that utilize the TMC services.
Laboratories that choose not to use those services may simply ignore those portions of the test method
that refer to the TMC.
This test method may be modified by means of information letters issued by the TMC. In addition,
the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to the method. For other information, refer to
3
the research report for this test method.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method was designed to evaluate an engine oil’s resistance to aeration in automotive diesel engine service. It is
commonly referred to as the Engine Oil Aeration Test (EOAT). The test is conducted using a specified 7.3L, direct-injection,
turbocharged diesel engine on a dynamometer test stand.This test method was developed as a replacement forTest Method D 892
after it was determined that this bench test did not correlate with oil aeration in actual service. The EOAT was first included in
API Service Category CG-4 in 1995.
NOTE 1—Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil performance for specification requirements are discussed in the latest revision of
Specification D 4485.
1.2The unit values stated in this test method shall be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
information only. SI units are considered the primary units for this test method. The only exception is where there is no direct SI
equivalent, for example, screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, and tubing size.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exception—WherethereisnodirectSIequivalent,forexample,screwthreads,nationalpipethreads/diameters,andtubing
size.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.4 This test method is arranged as follows:
Section
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.B0 on
Automotive Lubricants.
Current edition approved July 10, 2003. Published September 2003.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.B0.02
on Heavy Duty Engine Oils.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 6894–03.
2
ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC), 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 152006-4489.
3
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR: D02-1379.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6894–08
Scope 1
Referenced Documents 2
Terminology 3
Summary of Test Method 4
Significance and Use 5
Apparatus 6
Reagents and Materials 7
Preparation of Apparatus 8
Calibration 9
Test Procedure 10
Determinatio
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D6894–03 Designation: D 6894 – 08
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Aeration Resistance of Engine Oils in Direct-
1
Injected Turbocharged Automotive Diesel Engine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6894; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Any properly equipped laboratory, without outside assistance, can use the procedure described in
2
this test method. However, theASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) provides reference oils and an
assessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory. By these means, the laboratory
will know whether their use of the test method gives results statistically similar to those obtained by
other laboratories. Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services in
seeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army imposes such a
requirement in connection with several Army engine lubricating oil specifications.
Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories that utilize the TMC services.
Laboratories that choose not to use those services may simply ignore those portions of the test method
that refer to the TMC.
This test method may be modified by means of information letters issued by the TMC. In addition,
the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to the method. For other information, refer to
3
the research report for this test method.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method was designed to evaluate an engine oil’s resistance to aeration in automotive diesel engine service. It is
commonly referred to as the Engine Oil Aeration Test (EOAT). The test is conducted using a specified 7.3L, direct-injection,
turbocharged diesel engine on a dynamometer test stand.This test method was developed as a replacement forTest Method D 892
after it was determined that this bench test did not correlate with oil aeration in actual service. The EOAT was first included in
API Service Category CG-4 in 1995.
NOTE 1—Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil performance for specification requirements are discussed in the latest revision of
Specification D 4485.
1.2The unit values stated in this test method shall be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
information only. SI units are considered the primary units for this test method. The only exception is where there is no direct SI
equivalent, for example, screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, and tubing size.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exception—WherethereisnodirectSIequivalent,forexample,screwthreads,nationalpipethreads/diameters,andtubing
size.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.4 This test method is arranged as follows:
Section
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.B0 on
Automotive Lubricants.
Current edition approved July 10, 2003. Published September 2003.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.B0.02
on Heavy Duty Engine Oils.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 6894–03.
2
ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC), 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 152006-4489.
3
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR: D02-1379.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6894–08
Scope 1
Referenced Documents 2
Terminology 3
Summary of Test Method 4
Significance and Use 5
Apparatus 6
Reagents and Materials 7
Preparation of Apparatus 8
Calibration 9
Test Procedure 10
Determinatio
...
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