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ASTM D7614-12

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) Hexavalent Chromium in Ambient Air Analyzed by Ion Chromatography (IC) and Spectrophotometric Measurements

Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) Hexavalent Chromium in Ambient Air Analyzed by Ion Chromatography (IC) and Spectrophotometric Measurements

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Hexavalent chromium is anthropogenic from a number of commercial and industrial sources. It readily penetrates biological membranes and has been identified as an industrial toxic and cancer-causing substance. Hexavalent chromium is a known inhalation irritant and associated with respiratory cancer (4).
Ambient concentrations of hexavalent chromium are well below detection limits of standard sampling methods, including Test Methods  and D5281 (9).
Ambient atmospheric concentrations of hexavalent chromium provides a means of evaluating exposures in a manner that can be related to health-based risk levels. Collecting actual monitoring data provides improved basis for health assessments of potential exposures (2).
This test method provides step-by-step instructions for sampling and analysis of hexavalent chromium collected on sodium bicarbonate coated cellulose filters exposed to ambient air.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method specifies a procedure for the sampling and analysis of airborne particulate matter for hexavalent chromium in ambient air samples.
1.2 The method involves drawing 21.6 m3 ambient air (at 15 L/min for 24 hours) through a sodium bicarbonate cellulose acid washed filter. Atmospheric hexavalent chromium is stabilized on the alkaline coated filter.
1.3 This method uses ion chromatography with post-column derivatization with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide (DPC) and a Ultraviolet/Visible (UV/VIS) detector.
1.4 This method is applicable to the determination of masses of 0.10 to 20.0 ng of hexavalent chromium per sample without dilution.
1.5 This method is applicable for hexavalent chromium measurement in the atmosphere from 0.004 ng/m3 to 0.926 ng/m3 assuming a 21.6 m3 sample volume. The range can be increased using appropriate dilutions.
1.6 Interconversion of trivalent and hexavalent chromium during sampling is minimized to the extent possible by using these sampling procedures.
1.7 The corresponding method for workplace air samples is ASTM Test Method D6832.
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2012
ICS
13.040.20 - Ambient atmospheres
Technical Committee
D22 - Air Quality
Drafting Committee
D22.03 - Ambient Atmospheres and Source Emissions
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D7614-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) Hexavalent Chromium in Ambient Air Analyzed by Ion Chromatography (IC) and Spectrophotometric Measurements
Effective Date
01-Mar-2020

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ASTM D7614-12 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) Hexavalent Chromium in Ambient Air Analyzed by Ion Chromatography (IC) and Spectrophotometric MeasurementsASTM D7614-12 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) Hexavalent Chromium in Ambient Air Analyzed by Ion Chromatography (IC) and Spectrophotometric Measurements
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ASTM D7614-12 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) Hexavalent Chromium in Ambient Air Analyzed by Ion Chromatography (IC) and Spectrophotometric Measurements
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7614 − 12
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Total Suspended Particulate (TSP)
Hexavalent Chromium in Ambient Air Analyzed by Ion
Chromatography (IC) and Spectrophotometric
1
Measurements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7614; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.10 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 This test method specifies a procedure for the sampling
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
and analysis of airborne particulate matter for hexavalent
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
chromium in ambient air samples.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3
1.2 Themethodinvolvesdrawing21.6m ambientair(at15
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
L/min for 24 hours) through a sodium bicarbonate cellulose
acid washed filter.Atmospheric hexavalent chromium is stabi- 2. Referenced Documents
lized on the alkaline coated filter. 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.3 Thismethodusesionchromatographywithpost-column D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
derivatization with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide (DPC) and a
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
Ultraviolet/Visible (UV/VIS) detector. D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
Atmospheres
1.4 This method is applicable to the determination of
D1357 Practice for Planning the Sampling of the Ambient
masses of 0.10 to 20.0 ng of hexavalent chromium per sample
Atmosphere
without dilution.
D3195 Practice for Rotameter Calibration
1.5 This method is applicable for hexavalent chromium
D3586 Test Method for Chromium in Workplace Atmo-
3
measurement in the atmosphere from 0.004 ng/m to 0.926 3
spheres (Colorimetric Method) (Withdrawn 1990)
3 3
ng/m assuming a 21.6 m sample volume. The range can be
D5281 Test Method for Collection andAnalysis of Hexava-
increased using appropriate dilutions.
lent Chromium in Ambient Atmospheres
1.6 Interconversion of trivalent and hexavalent chromium D6832 Test Method for the Determination of Hexavalent
during sampling is minimized to the extent possible by using Chromium in WorkplaceAir by Ion Chromatography and
these sampling procedures. Spectrophotometric Measurement Using 1,5-
diphenylcarbazide
1.7 The corresponding method for workplace air samples is
ASTM Test Method D6832.
3. Terminology
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
method, refer to Terminology D1356.
standard.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.1 eluent—the mobile phase used to transport the sample
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
through the ion exchange column.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.2 resolution—the ability of a column to separate con-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
stituents under specified test conditions.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.03 on Ambient Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Atmospheres and Source Emissions. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved April 1, 2012. Published May 2012. DOI:10.1520/ The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
D7614-12. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7614 − 12
4
4. Summary of Test Method (1, 2, 3, 4) 5.4 This test method provides step-by-step instructions for
sampling and analysis of hexavalent chromium collected on
4.1 A known volume of air is drawn through a sodium
sodium bicarbonate coated cellulose filters exposed to ambient
bicarbonate coated cellulose filter at a rate of 9.0 to 16.0 L/min
air.
for 24 hours.
6. Interferences
4.2 After sampling, the chain-of-custody forms are appro-
priatelylabeledandthefiltersareplacedinacoolerwithicefor
6.1 Sodium carbonate, if used as the stabilizing medium for
shipment to the laboratory. Upon receipt, the filters are placed
the hexavalent chromium fil
...

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5.1 Air permits from regulatory agencies often require measurements of opacity from stationary air pollution point sources in the outdoor ambient environment. Opacity has been visually measured by certified smoke readers in accordance with USEPA (USEPA Method 9). DCOT is also a method to determine plume opacity in the outdoor ambient environment.  
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1.3 Procedures for random sampling of units within dwellings having multiple units are not included.  
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1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
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3.5 Values of units in the left column may be converted to values of units in the right column merely by multiplying by the conversion factor provided in the center column.  (A) For specific applications and exceptions, see Terminology D1356.
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Standard Practice for Performance Evaluation of Ambient Outdoor Air Quality Sensors and Sensor-based Instruments for Portable and Fixed-point Measurement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice establishes standardized tests for the performance evaluation of sensor-based continuous instruments for ambient air quality measurements. Public and private air monitoring interests have manifested themselves as a driving force for the deployment of air quality sensors and instruments to quantify air pollutant concentrations in communities, around schools, around industrial facilities, and elsewhere. Users of air quality sensors require information on the performance and limitations of these devices so that informed decisions regarding their suitability for various purposes can be determined. This practice describes both laboratory and field tests that provide information on candidate instrument repeatability, sensitivity, linearity, cross-interferences, drift and comparability with more costly instruments typically used by entities such as government agencies. The air quality sensors are first evaluated in a laboratory chamber by comparing their response to a reference instrument and challenging the gas sensors with interferents. The sensors are then deployed outdoors for field testing at two sites with different climates against reference air quality instruments. This practice is intended to be referenced in standards and codes that establish minimum performance quality for sensor-based ambient outdoor air monitoring.  
5.2 This practice is intended for air quality sensors that measure one or more of the criteria pollutants in ambient air (ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, PM10 and PM2.5) that can be operated in outdoor environments and can log a concentration reading. It is not intended for devices or transducers that require additional enclosures for deployment outdoors or post-processing to convert their output signal into a pollutant concentration reading.  
5.3 It is anticipated that the main users of this practice will be manufacturers, developers, and distributors of outdoor air quality sensors, air quality agenc...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes standardized tests for the performance evaluation of sensor-based continuous instruments for ambient outdoor air quality measurements. It describes both laboratory and field tests that provide information on candidate sensor repeatability, sensitivity, linearity, cross-interferences, drift, and comparability against reference instruments.  
1.2 This practice does not apply to sensors or instruments that remotely measure atmospheric pollutants using open path, lidar, or imaging technology.  
1.3 The evaluation procedures contained in this practice are for sensors that alone or in combination measure outdoor criteria pollutants in ambient air: particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), or nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at concentrations that are relevant to public health.  
1.4 Testing is to be performed by a competent entity able to demonstrate that it operates in conformity with internationally accepted test laboratory quality standards such as ISO/IEC 17025.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2914-15(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Sulfur Dioxide Content of the Atmosphere (West-Gaeke Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sulfur dioxide is a major air pollutant, commonly formed by the combustion of sulfur-bearing fuels. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set primary and secondary air quality standards (7) that are designed to protect the public health and welfare.  
5.2 The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has promulgated exposure limits for sulfur dioxide in workplace atmospheres (8).  
5.3 These methods have been found satisfactory for measuring sulfur dioxide in ambient and workplace atmospheres over the ranges pertinent in 5.1 and 5.2.  
5.4 Method A has been designed to correspond to the EPA-Designated Reference Method (7) for the determination of sulfur dioxide.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the bubbler collection and colorimetric determination of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the ambient or workplace atmosphere.  
1.2 These test methods are applicable for determining SO2 over the range from approximately 25 μg/m3 (0.01 ppm(v)) to 1000 μg/m3 (0.4 ppm(v)), corresponding to a solution concentration of 0.03 μg SO2/mL to 1.3 μg SO2/mL. Beer's law is followed through the working analytical range from 0.02 μg SO2/mL to 1.4 μg SO2/mL.  
1.3 The lower limit of detection is 0.075 μg SO2/mL (1),2 representing an air concentration of 25 μg SO2/m3 (0.01 ppm(v)) in a 30-min sample, or 13 μg SO2/m3 (0.005 ppm(v)) in a 24-h sample.  
1.4 These test methods incorporate sampling for periods between 30 min and 24 h.  
1.5 These test methods describe the determination of the collected (impinged) samples. A Method A and a Method B are described.  
1.6 Method A is preferred over Method B, as it gives the higher sensitivity, but it has a higher blank. Manual Method B is pH-dependent, but is more suitable with spectrometers having a spectral band width greater than 20 nm.
Note 1: These test methods are applicable at concentrations below 25 μg/m3 by sampling larger volumes of air if the absorption efficiency of the particular system is first determined, as described in Annex A4.
Note 2: Concentrations higher than 1000 μg/m3 can be determined by using smaller gas volumes, larger collection volumes, or by suitable dilution of the collected sample with absorbing solution prior to analysis.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 8.3.1, Section 9, and A3.1.3.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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