ASTM D6597-00

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Designation:D6597–00
Standard Practice for
Assessment of Attaining Clean Up Level for Site Closure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6597; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ance and Quality Control Planning and Implementation
D 5434 Guide for Field Logging of Subsurface Explora-
1.1 This practice covers the steps necessary to determine if
tions of Soil and Rock
a site is ready for closure with emphasis on general sampling
D 5451 Practice for Sampling Using a Trier Sampler
techniques and how to determine if the agreed upon level of
D 5730 Guide for Site Characterization for Environmental
remediation has been achieved.
Purposes With Emphasis on Soil, Rock, the Vadose Zone
1.2 A minimum of statistical procedures is used in this
and Ground Water
practice.
D 5792 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data
1.3 Thestandardpracticedoesnotaddressradioactivewaste
Related to Waste ManagementActivities: Development of
sitesnordoesitcovereverysituationthatcanoccurinthefield.
Data Quality Objectives
It does cover the following general sampling techniques: soil
D 5956 Guide for Sampling Strategies for Heterogeneous
sampling, swipe sampling of buildings and equipment, surface
Wastes
impoundments, waste piles, and layered tanks. It does not
D 6009 Guide for Sampling Waste Piles
cover drum sampling, general water sampling and monitoring
D 6051 Guide for Composite Sampling and Field Subsam-
wells and their construction.
pling for Environmental Waste Management Activities
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all safety
D 6232 Guide for Selection of Sampling Equipment for
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
Waste and Contaminated Media Data CollectionActivities
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
D 6250 Practice for Derivation of Decision Point and Con-
health practices to determine the applicability of regulatory
fidenceLimitforStatisticalTestingofMeanConcentration
limitations prior to use.
in Waste Management Decisions
2. Referenced Documents
D 6311 Guide for Generation of Environmental Data Re-
lated to Waste Management Activities: Selection and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Optimization of Sampling Design
D 1452 Practice for Soil Investigation and Sampling by
E 1728 Practice for Field Collection of Settled Dust
Auger Borings
Samples Using Wipe Sampling Methods for Lead Deter-
D 1586 Test Method for Penetration Test and Split-Barrel
mination by Atomic Spectrometry Techniques
Sampling of Soils
2.2 API Standard:
D 1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Geotechnical Sam-
API Standard 2015 Cleaning Petroleum Storage Tanks
pling of Soils
2.3 Federal Standards:
D 3550 Practice for Ring-Lined Barrel Sampling of Soils
Title 40, Code of Federal Regulation (CFR), Part 245,
D 4547 Guide for Sampling Waste and Soils for Volatile
Title 40, Code of Federal Regulation (CFR), Part 265,
Organic Compounds
Guidance on Demonstrating Equivalence
D 4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste Sampling
D 5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment
3. Terminology
Used at Nonradioactive Waste Sites
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
D 5283 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data
3.1.1 clean up level, n—a concentration of a compound or
Related to Waste Management Activities: Quality Assur-
element, in a defined volume of material, that is allowed to
remain on a site.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The numerical level usually is deter-
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
mined during the DQO process using a mean, median, or
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.01 on
Planning for Sampling.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2000. Published December 2000.
2 3
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D6597–00
percentage value based upon health risk, fate and transport process is established during the DQO process. The process
consideration, site location and intended use. may require additional sampling or simply a visual confirma-
3.1.2 closure, n—all waste and manufactured residue are tion.
remediated to an acceptable clean up level. 6.3.1 The number of samples and where they will be taken
will depend upon the values and acceptable risk established
4. Summary of Practice
during the DQO process.
4.1 The site is determined to be remediated and ready to be
NOTE 2—The number of samples may change if the sampling results
closed when site contaminant concentrations meet the agreed
indicate additional remediation is required.
upon cleanup level for the site for each media of concern and
7. General Sampling Considerations
sampling and analysis procedures meet data quality objectives
(DQOs).
7.1 A written sampling plan should be prepared before the
4.2 Optimization of sampling design is discussed in brief or
sampling begins. There are several ASTM documents the
by reference.
stakeholders may want to review during the planning process,
4.3 Thesiteclosuredocumentassumesthatthesitehasbeen
and they include: Guides D 4687, D 5434, and D 6051 and
characterized, the characterization was found to be adequate,
Practice D 5283.
and DQOs were met.
7.2 Complete records of all sampling activities must be
4.4 A copy of the table of contents of a closure plan
maintained.
submitted to a government agency is included to give an
7.3 Before the final sampling commences, the project man-
overall view of some items that should be considered. This
ager or other responsible party should confirm that the site is
example should be used only for guidance (see Appendix
ready for the final sampling in preparation for closure. Any
X1.2).
differences between planned and actual remediation activities
4.5 Thissiteclosurepracticecontainslistsofequipmentand
should be documented.
sampling methods used in sampling of soils and buildings to
8. Sample Design
confirm the cleanup level(s) has/have been reached.
8.1 The sampling design is established and optimized dur-
5. Significance and Use
ing the DQO process.
8.1.1 The sampling design may change if the data from the
5.1 This practice contains a mechanism to determine that
samples do not confirm clean closure has been achieved. The
the hazardous constituents have been remediated to an accept-
sampling design should be reevaluated because the site condi-
able level.
tions have changed due to the remediation effort. Fewer
5.2 This practice assists both the regulator and the owner/
samples may be required for the second confirmation try.
operator in establishing cost-effective steps and procedures
8.1.2 After further remediation has occurred, the site again
necessary to determine if the site has achieved its objective for
issampledforconfirmationthatthesitemeetsthecleanclosure
site closure.
requirements and the DQOs. If the cleanup level(s) has/have
5.3 This practice can be applied to hazardous and nonhaz-
beenreachedandtheDQOshavebeenmet,thesiteisreadyfor
ardous spills or leaks, surface impoundments, waste piles,
closure.
buildings, and tanks. The general nature of this practice allows
its use in a large variety of situations.
9. Determination of Attainment of Clean Closure
9.1 The decision rule for closure attainment typically is
6. Planning Using the DQO Process
specified in Step 5 of a DQO process (see Practice D 5792).
6.1 The Practice D 5792 is a companion to this practice. A
9.2 Clean closure value or values usually are developed and
thorough study of this practice will prevent many costly
agreed to by the stakeholders during the DQO process. The
mistakeslaterintheremediationprogram.TheCodeofFederal
values often are mandated by regulations.
Regulations document 40 CFR 245 covers the DQo process).
9.3 Exampl
...