ASTM D6597-00(2006)

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Designation:D6597–00(Reapproved2006)
Standard Practice for
Assessment of Attaining Clean Up Level for Site Closure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6597; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D5283 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Re-
lated to Waste Management Activities: Quality Assurance
1.1 This practice covers the steps necessary to determine if
and Quality Control Planning and Implementation
a site is ready for closure with emphasis on general sampling
D5434 Guide for Field Logging of Subsurface Explorations
techniques and how to determine if the agreed upon level of
of Soil and Rock
remediation has been achieved.
D5451 Practice for Sampling Using a Trier Sampler
1.2 A minimum of statistical procedures is used in this
D5730 Guide for Site Characterization for Environmental
practice.
Purposes With Emphasis on Soil, Rock, the Vadose Zone
1.3 Thestandardpracticedoesnotaddressradioactivewaste
and Ground Water
sitesnordoesitcovereverysituationthatcanoccurinthefield.
D5792 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Re-
It does cover the following general sampling techniques: soil
lated to Waste Management Activities: Development of
sampling, swipe sampling of buildings and equipment, surface
Data Quality Objectives
impoundments, waste piles, and layered tanks. It does not
D6009 Guide for Sampling Waste Piles
cover drum sampling, general water sampling and monitoring
D6051 Guide for Composite Sampling and Field Subsam-
wells and their construction.
pling for Environmental Waste Management Activities
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all safety
D6232 Guide for Selection of Sampling Equipment for
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
Waste and Contaminated Media Data CollectionActivities
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
D6250 Practice for Derivation of Decision Point and Con-
health practices to determine the applicability of regulatory
fidenceLimitforStatisticalTestingofMeanConcentration
limitations prior to use.
in Waste Management Decisions
2. Referenced Documents
D6311 Guide for Generation of Environmental Data Re-
lated to Waste Management Activities: Selection and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Optimization of Sampling Design
D1452 PracticeforSoilExplorationandSamplingbyAuger
E1728 Practice for Collection of Settled Dust Samples
Borings
Using Wipe Sampling Methods for Subsequent Lead
D1586 Test Method for Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-
Determination
Barrel Sampling of Soils
2.2 API Standard:
D1587 Practice forThin-WalledTube Sampling of Soils for
API Standard 2015 Cleaning Petroleum Storage Tanks
Geotechnical Purposes
2.3 Federal Standards:
D3550 Practice for Thick Wall, Ring-Lined, Split Barrel,
Title 40, Code of Federal Regulation (CFR), Part 245,
Drive Sampling of Soils
Title 40, Code of Federal Regulation (CFR), Part 265,
D4547 Guide for Sampling Waste and Soils for Volatile
Guidance on Demonstrating Equivalence
Organic Compounds
D4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste Sampling
3. Terminology
D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Used at Waste Sites
3.1.1 clean up level, n—a concentration of a compound or
element, in a defined volume of material, that is allowed to
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
remain on a site.
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.01 on
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The numerical level usually is deter-
Planning for Sampling.
mined during the DQO process using a mean, median, or
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2006. Published March 2006. Originally
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D6597 - 00. DOI:
10.1520/D6597-00R06.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available fromAmerican Petroleum Institute, 1801 K Street NW, Washington,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM DC 20226.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Superintendent of Documents, US Government Printing Office,
the ASTM website. Washington, DC 20402.
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D6597–00 (2006)
percentage value based upon health risk, fate and transport process is established during the DQO process. The process
consideration, site location and intended use. may require additional sampling or simply a visual confirma-
3.1.2 closure, n—all waste and manufactured residue are tion.
remediated to an acceptable clean up level. 6.3.1 The number of samples and where they will be taken
will depend upon the values and acceptable risk established
4. Summary of Practice
during the DQO process.
4.1 The site is determined to be remediated and ready to be
NOTE 2—The number of samples may change if the sampling results
closed when site contaminant concentrations meet the agreed
indicate additional remediation is required.
upon cleanup level for the site for each media of concern and
7. General Sampling Considerations
sampling and analysis procedures meet data quality objectives
(DQOs).
7.1 A written sampling plan should be prepared before the
4.2 Optimization of sampling design is discussed in brief or
sampling begins. There are several ASTM documents the
by reference.
stakeholders may want to review during the planning process,
4.3 Thesiteclosuredocumentassumesthatthesitehasbeen
and they include: Guides D4687, D5434, and D6051 and
characterized, the characterization was found to be adequate,
Practice D5283.
and DQOs were met.
7.2 Complete records of all sampling activities must be
4.4 A copy of the table of contents of a closure plan
maintained.
submitted to a government agency is included to give an
7.3 Before the final sampling commences, the project man-
overall view of some items that should be considered. This
ager or other responsible party should confirm that the site is
example should be used only for guidance (see Appendix
ready for the final sampling in preparation for closure. Any
X1.2).
differences between planned and actual remediation activities
4.5 Thissiteclosurepracticecontainslistsofequipmentand
should be documented.
sampling methods used in sampling of soils and buildings to
8. Sample Design
confirm the cleanup level(s) has/have been reached.
8.1 The sampling design is established and optimized dur-
5. Significance and Use
ing the DQO process.
8.1.1 The sampling design may change if the data from the
5.1 This practice contains a mechanism to determine that
samples do not confirm clean closure has been achieved. The
the hazardous constituents have been remediated to an accept-
sampling design should be reevaluated because the site condi-
able level.
tions have changed due to the remediation effort. Fewer
5.2 This practice assists both the regulator and the owner/
samples may be required for the second confirmation try.
operator in establishing cost-effective steps and procedures
8.1.2 After further remediation has occurred, the site again
necessary to determine if the site has achieved its objective for
issampledforconfirmationthatthesitemeetsthecleanclosure
site closure.
requirements and the DQOs. If the cleanup level(s) has/have
5.3 This practice can be applied to hazardous and nonhaz-
beenreachedandtheDQOshavebeenmet,thesiteisreadyfor
ardous spills or leaks, surface impoundments, waste piles,
closure.
buildings, and tanks. The general nature of this practice allows
its use in a large variety of situations.
9. Determination of Attainment of Clean Closure
9.1 The decision rule for closure attainment typically is
6. Planning Using the DQO Process
specified in Step 5 of a DQO process (see Practice D5792).
6.1 The Practice D5792 is a companion to this practice. A
9.2 Clean closure value or values usually are developed and
thorough study of this practice will prevent many costly
agreed to by the stakeholders during the DQO process. The
mistakeslaterintheremediationprogram.TheCodeofFederal
values often are mandated by regulations.
Regulations document 40 CFR 245 covers the DQO process).
9.3 Examples of closure attainment in the decision r
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