ASTM D4111-12(2019)
(Specification)Standard Performance Specification for Woven Napery and Tablecloth Fabrics: Household and Institutional
Standard Performance Specification for Woven Napery and Tablecloth Fabrics: Household and Institutional
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Upon agreement between the purchaser and the seller, fabrics intended for this end use should meet all of the requirements listed in Table 1 of this specification.
5.2 It is recognized that for purposes of fashion or aesthetics the ultimate consumer of articles made from these fabrics may find acceptable fabrics that do not conform to all of the requirements in Table 1. Therefore, one or more of the requirements listed in Table 1 may be modified upon agreement between the purchaser and the seller.
5.2.1 In such cases, any references to the specification shall specify that: “This fabric meets ASTM Specification D4111 except for the following characteristic(s).”
5.3 Where no prepurchase agreement has been reached between the purchaser and the seller, and in case of controversy, the requirements listed in Table 1 are intended to be used as a guide only. As noted in 5.2, ultimate consumer demands dictate varying performance parameters for any particular style of fabric.
5.4 The uses and significance of particular properties and methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of the specified methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This performance specification covers woven fabrics comprised of any textile fiber or mixture of fibers to be used in napery and tablecloths (household and institutional).
1.2 These requirements apply to both the length and width directions for those properties where fabric direction is pertinent.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 14-Apr-2019
- Technical Committee
- D13 - Textiles
- Drafting Committee
- D13.63 - Home Furnishings
Relations
- Effective Date
- 15-Apr-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Jan-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2018
- Effective Date
- 15-Jul-2017
- Effective Date
- 15-Jul-2017
- Effective Date
- 01-Mar-2017
- Effective Date
- 15-Sep-2015
- Effective Date
- 01-Sep-2015
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2015
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2015
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2015
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2013
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2013
- Effective Date
- 15-Jun-2013
Overview
ASTM D4111-12(2019) is the internationally recognized standard performance specification for woven napery and tablecloth fabrics intended for both household and institutional use. Developed by ASTM International, this standard establishes baseline requirements for the quality, durability, and appearance of woven fabrics composed of any textile fiber or fiber blend used in table linens. Adhering to ASTM D4111 helps stakeholders ensure that products such as tablecloths, napkins, and related napery meet consistent standards of performance, regardless of end-use environment.
Key Topics
Scope of Application: Covers all woven fabrics (regardless of fiber content) intended for napery and tablecloth purposes in home, restaurant, hospitality, or institutional settings.
Property Requirements: Specifies performance criteria for factors including:
- Breaking and tear strength (in both length and width directions)
- Yarn distortion and dimensional change after multiple launderings
- Colorfastness to light, laundering, crocking (color transfer), and bleach
- Fabric appearance and smoothness, especially after repeated use and cleaning
- Soil release properties and chlorine retention for long-term fabric maintenance
Testing Methods: References established ASTM and AATCC procedures to evaluate fabric properties, ensuring reliable and repeatable assessments.
Customization for Consumer Needs: Recognizes that style or fashion trends may sometimes require modifications to specification requirements, provided purchaser and seller agree.
Guidance in Absence of Agreement: In situations without prior agreements, the standard’s requirements serve as an industry guideline.
Applications
Household Use
- Tablecloths and Napkins: Ensures table linens are resilient to home laundering, retain color and appearance, and offer reasonable tear and breaking strength for everyday dining.
- Event and Party Linens: Helps manufacturers and rental agencies select materials that maintain visual appeal and performance after repeated use.
Institutional Use
- Restaurants, Hotels, and Banquet Halls: Supports higher durability and stricter laundering demands found in commercial food service or hospitality environments.
- Healthcare and Educational Facilities: Assures that napery and tablecloths meet safety, cleanliness, and longevity expectations required in institutional dining.
Fabric Procurement and Quality Assurance
- Purchasers can reference ASTM D4111 to specify product requirements, aiding procurement, supplier negotiations, and quality audits.
- Sellers and manufacturers use it to validate product development and testing prior to commercialization.
Related Standards
- ASTM D123 - Terminology Relating to Textiles: Standardizes terms used throughout the textiles industry.
- ASTM D7023 - Terminology Relating to Home Furnishings: Provides definitions relevant to household textiles.
- ASTM D1336, D1424, D5034, D2261, D2724 - Test methods for different fabric strength and performance metrics.
- AATCC Methods (TM8, TM16, TM23, TM61, TM92, TM96, TM116, TM124, TM130, TM135, TM172, TM188): Procedures for evaluating colorfastness, dimensional stability, appearance, and soil release.
ASTM D4111 is developed in accordance with WTO Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee principles, supporting international harmonization. This makes it a valuable reference for global trade, textile product development, and regulatory compliance.
Keywords: woven napery fabrics, tablecloth fabric standard, ASTM D4111, colorfastness, durability, household textiles, institutional textiles, table linen quality, fabric performance specification.
Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM D4111-12(2019) is a technical specification published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Performance Specification for Woven Napery and Tablecloth Fabrics: Household and Institutional". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 Upon agreement between the purchaser and the seller, fabrics intended for this end use should meet all of the requirements listed in Table 1 of this specification. 5.2 It is recognized that for purposes of fashion or aesthetics the ultimate consumer of articles made from these fabrics may find acceptable fabrics that do not conform to all of the requirements in Table 1. Therefore, one or more of the requirements listed in Table 1 may be modified upon agreement between the purchaser and the seller. 5.2.1 In such cases, any references to the specification shall specify that: “This fabric meets ASTM Specification D4111 except for the following characteristic(s).” 5.3 Where no prepurchase agreement has been reached between the purchaser and the seller, and in case of controversy, the requirements listed in Table 1 are intended to be used as a guide only. As noted in 5.2, ultimate consumer demands dictate varying performance parameters for any particular style of fabric. 5.4 The uses and significance of particular properties and methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of the specified methods. SCOPE 1.1 This performance specification covers woven fabrics comprised of any textile fiber or mixture of fibers to be used in napery and tablecloths (household and institutional). 1.2 These requirements apply to both the length and width directions for those properties where fabric direction is pertinent. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 Upon agreement between the purchaser and the seller, fabrics intended for this end use should meet all of the requirements listed in Table 1 of this specification. 5.2 It is recognized that for purposes of fashion or aesthetics the ultimate consumer of articles made from these fabrics may find acceptable fabrics that do not conform to all of the requirements in Table 1. Therefore, one or more of the requirements listed in Table 1 may be modified upon agreement between the purchaser and the seller. 5.2.1 In such cases, any references to the specification shall specify that: “This fabric meets ASTM Specification D4111 except for the following characteristic(s).” 5.3 Where no prepurchase agreement has been reached between the purchaser and the seller, and in case of controversy, the requirements listed in Table 1 are intended to be used as a guide only. As noted in 5.2, ultimate consumer demands dictate varying performance parameters for any particular style of fabric. 5.4 The uses and significance of particular properties and methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of the specified methods. SCOPE 1.1 This performance specification covers woven fabrics comprised of any textile fiber or mixture of fibers to be used in napery and tablecloths (household and institutional). 1.2 These requirements apply to both the length and width directions for those properties where fabric direction is pertinent. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D4111-12(2019) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 97.160 - Home textiles. Linen. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM D4111-12(2019) has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM D4111-12, ASTM D2261-13(2024), ASTM D1336-07(2019), ASTM D7023-06(2018), ASTM D2261-13(2017), ASTM D2261-13(2017)e1, ASTM D123-17, ASTM D123-15b, ASTM D123-15a, ASTM D2724-07(2015), ASTM D1336-07(2015), ASTM D123-15, ASTM D1424-09(2013)e1, ASTM D1424-09(2013), ASTM D123-13ae1. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM D4111-12(2019) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D4111 −12 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Performance Specification for
Woven Napery and Tablecloth Fabrics: Household and
Institutional
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4111; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D7023 Terminology Relating to Home Furnishings
2.2 AATCC Methods:
1.1 This performance specification covers woven fabrics
TM8 Colorfastness to Crocking. Crockmeter Method
comprised of any textile fiber or mixture of fibers to be used in
TM16.3 Colorfastness to Light: Xenon-Arc
napery and tablecloths (household and institutional).
TM23 Colorfastness to Burnt Gas Fumes
1.2 These requirements apply to both the length and width
TM61 Colorfastness to Laundering: Accelerated
directions for those properties where fabric direction is perti-
TM92 Chlorine, Retained, Tensile Loss: Single Sample
nent.
Method
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
TM96 Dimensional Changes in Commercial Laundering of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Woven and Knitted Fabrics Except Wool
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
TM116 Colorfastness to Crocking: Rotary Vertical Crock-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
meter Method
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
TM124 Smoothness Appearance of Fabrics after Home
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
Laundering
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
TM130 Soil Release: Oily Stain Release Method
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
TM135 Dimensional Changes of Fabrics after Home Laun-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
dering
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
TM172 Colorfastness to Powdered Non-Chlorine Bleach in
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Home Laundering
TM188 Colorfastness to Sodium Hypochlorite Bleach in
2. Referenced Documents
Home Laundering
2.1 ASTM Standards: EP1 Gray Scale for Color Change
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles EP2 Gray Scale for Staining
D1336 Test Method for Distortion ofYarn in Woven Fabrics EP8 AATCC 9-Step Chromatic Transference Scale
D1424 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by
NOTE 1—Reference to standards in this specification give only the
Falling-Pendulum (Elmendorf-Type) Apparatus
permanent part of the designation of ASTM, AATCC, or other standards.
D2261 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the
The current editions of each standard cited shall prevail.
Tongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-
3. Terminology
Extension Tensile Testing Machine)
D2724 Test Method for Bond Strength of Bonded, Fused,
3.1 Definitions:
and Laminated Apparel Fabrics
3.1.1 For all terminology related to home furnishings see
D5034 TestMethodforBreakingStrengthandElongationof
Terminology D7023.
Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)
3.2 FordefinitionsofallothertextiletermsseeTerminology
D123.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on
4. Specification Requirements
Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.63 on Home
Furnishings. 4.1 The properties of woven fabrics for napery and table-
Current edition approved April 15, 2019. Published July 2019. Originally
cloths for household and institutional uses shall conform to the
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D4111 - 12. DOI:
specification requirements in Table 1.
10.1520/D4111-12R19.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, P.O.
the ASTM website. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4111−12 (2019)
TABLE 1 Specification Requirements
6. Sampling
NOTE 1—Class for color change, color transfer, and DP rating is based
6.1 LotSample—Asalotsampleforacceptancetesting,take
on a numerical scale of 5 for negligible or no wrinkle, color change, or
at random the number of rolls as directed in an applicable
color transfer to 1 for severe wrinkle, color change, or color transfer.
specification or other agreement between the purchaser and the
Characteristic Requirements Section
supplier.
Breaking strength (load) (CRT): 7.1
Household 133 N (30 lbf), min
6.2 Laboratory Sample—From each roll or piece in the lot
Institutional 242 N (55 lbf), min
sample, cut two laboratory samples the full width of the fabric
Yarn distortion 1 mm (0.05 in.), max 7.2
and at least 375 mm (15 in.) along the selvage.
Tongue-tear strength: 7.3
Household 9 N (2 lbf), min
Institutional 13 N (3 lbf), min
7. Test Methods (see Note 1)
Colorfastness:
Burnt gas fumes—1 cycle:
7.1 Breaking Strength—Determine the breaking strength as
A
Shade change, original fabric Grade 4 ,min 7.4.1
directed in Test Method D5034, using a constant-rate-of-
A
Shade change, after one Grade 4 ,min
extension (CRE) tensile-testing machine.
laundering
A
Chlorine Bleach Grade 4 ,min 7.4.5
A
NOTE 2—If preferred, the use of a constant-rate-of-traverse (CRT)
Non-Chlorine Bleach Grade 4 ,min 7.4.6
A
Light (20 AFU) Grade 4 ,min 7.4.2 tensile testing machine is permitted. There may be no overall correlation
Crocking: 7.4.3
betweentheresultsobtainedwiththeCRTmachineandtheCREmachine,
B
Dry Grade 4 ,min
consequently, these two breaking-force testers cannot be used inter-
B
Wet Class 3 ,min
changeably.Incaseofcontroversy,theCREmethod(TestMethodD5034)
Laundering: 7.4.4
shall prevail.
A
Shade change Class 4 ,min
C
Staining Grade 3 ,min
7.2 Yarn Distortion—Determine the yarn distortion as di-
Dimensional change ±5 %, max 7.5
D rected in Test Method D1336.
Fabric appearance (see 7.6.1.1)SA3.5 ,min 7.6
Chlorine retention see 7.7.1.1 7.7
7.3 Tear Strength—Determine the tear strength as directed
Retention of hand, character, and see 7.9 7.9
in Test Method D1424.
appearance
Soil release Grade 4, min 7.10
NOT
...
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