ASTM E2552-16
(Guide)Standard Guide for Assessing the Environmental and Human Health Impacts of New Compounds for Military Use
Standard Guide for Assessing the Environmental and Human Health Impacts of New Compounds for Military Use
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide a logical, tiered approach in the development of environmental health criteria coincident with level and effort in the research, development, testing, and evaluation of new materials for military use. Various levels of uncertainty are associated with data collected from previous stages. Following the recommendation in the guide should reduce the relative uncertainty of the data collected at each developmental stage. At each stage, a general weight of evidence qualifier shall accompany each exposure/effect relationship. They may be simple (for example, low, medium, or high confidence) or sophisticated using a numerical value for each predictor as a multiplier to ascertain relative confidence in each step of risk characterization. The specific method used will depend on the stage of development, quantity and availability of data, variation in the measurement, and general knowledge of the dataset. Since specific formulations, conditions, and use scenarios are often not known until the later stages, exposure estimates can be determined only at advanced stages (for example, Engineering and Manufacturing Development; see 6.6). Exposure data can then be used with other toxicological data collected from previous stages in a quantitative risk assessment to determine the relative degree of hazard.
5.2 Data developed from the use of this guide are designed to be consistent with criteria required in weapons and weapons system development (for example, programmatic environment, safety and occupational health evaluations, environmental assessments/environmental impact statements, toxicity clearances, and technical data sheets).
5.3 Information shall be evaluated in a flexible manner consistent with the needs of the authorizing program. This requires proper characterization of the current problem. For example, compounds may be ranked relative to the environmental criteria of the prospective alternatives, the replacement compound, a...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to determine the relative environmental influence of new substances, consistent with the research and development (R&D) level of effort and is intended to be applied in a logical, tiered manner that parallels both the available funding and the stage of research, development, testing, and evaluation. Specifically, conservative assumptions, relationships, and models are recommended early in the research stage, and as the technology is matured, empirical data will be developed and used. Munition constituents are included and may include fuels, oxidizers, explosives, binders, stabilizers, metals, dyes, and other compounds used in the formulation to produce a desired effect. Munition systems range from projectiles, grenades, rockets/missiles, training simulators, smokes and obscurants. Given the complexity of issues involved in the assessment of environmental fate and effects and the diversity of the systems used, this guide is broad in scope and not intended to address every factor that may be important in an environmental context. Rather, it is intended to reduce uncertainty at minimal cost by considering the most important factors related to human health and environmental impacts of energetic materials. This guide provides a method for collecting data useful in a relative ranking procedure to provide the systems scientist with a sound basis for prospectively determining a selection of candidates based on environmental and human health criteria. The general principles in this guide are applicable to other substances beyond energetics if intended to be used in a similar manner with similar exposure profiles.
1.2 The scope of this guide includes:
1.2.1 Energetic and other new/novel materials and compositions in all stages of research, development, test and evaluation.
1.2.2 Environmental assessment, including:
1.2.2.1 Human and ecological effects of the unexploded energetics and compositi...
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Designation: E2552 − 16
Standard Guide for
Assessing the Environmental and Human Health Impacts of
1
New Compounds for Military Use
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2552; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Sustaining training operations while maintaining force health is vital to national security. Research
efforts are underway to identify new substances that have negligible environmental impacts and
implement them in military weapon systems and applications. This guide is intended to provide a
standardized method to evaluate the potential human health and environmental impacts of prospective
candidate substances. This guide is intended for use by technical persons with a broad knowledge of
risk assessment, fate and transport processes, and toxicology to provide recommendations to the
research chemist or systems engineer regarding the environmental consequences of use.
1. Scope guide are applicable to other substances beyond energetics if
intended to be used in a similar manner with similar exposure
1.1 This guide is intended to determine the relative envi-
profiles.
ronmental influence of new substances, consistent with the
research and development (R&D) level of effort and is in-
1.2 The scope of this guide includes:
tended to be applied in a logical, tiered manner that parallels
1.2.1 Energetic and other new/novel materials and compo-
both the available funding and the stage of research,
sitions in all stages of research, development, test and evalu-
development, testing, and evaluation. Specifically, conserva-
ation.
tive assumptions, relationships, and models are recommended
1.2.2 Environmental assessment, including:
early in the research stage, and as the technology is matured,
1.2.2.1 Human and ecological effects of the unexploded
empirical data will be developed and used. Munition constitu-
energetics and compositions on the environment.
ents are included and may include fuels, oxidizers, explosives,
1.2.2.2 Environmental transport mechanisms of the unex-
binders, stabilizers, metals, dyes, and other compounds used in
ploded energetics and composition.
the formulation to produce a desired effect. Munition systems
1.2.2.3 Degradation and bioaccumulation properties.
range from projectiles, grenades, rockets/missiles, training
1.2.3 Occupational health impacts from manufacture and
simulators, smokes and obscurants. Given the complexity of
use of the energetic substances and compositions to include
issues involved in the assessment of environmental fate and
load, assembly, and packing of the related munitions.
effects and the diversity of the systems used, this guide is broad
1.3 Given the wide array of applications, the methods in this
in scope and not intended to address every factor that may be
guide are not prescriptive. They are intended to provide
important in an environmental context. Rather, it is intended to
flexible, general methods that can be used to evaluate factors
reduce uncertainty at minimal cost by considering the most
important in determining environmental consequences from
important factors related to human health and environmental
use of new substances in weapon systems and platforms.
impacts of energetic materials. This guide provides a method
for collecting data useful in a relative ranking procedure to
1.4 Factors that affect the health of humans as well as the
provide the systems scientist with a sound basis for prospec-
environment are considered early in the development process.
tively determining a selection of candidates based on environ-
Since some of these data are valuable in determining health
mental and human health criteria. The general principles in this
effects from generalized exposure, effects from occupational
exposures are also included.
1
1.5 This guide does not address all processes and factors
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E50 on Environmental
Assessment, Risk Management and Corrective Action and is the direct responsibil-
important to the fate, transport, and potential for effects in
ity of Subcommittee E50.47 on Biological Effects and Environmental Fate.
every system. It is intended to be balanced effort between
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2016. Published March 2016. Originally
scientific and practical means to evaluate the relative environ-
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as E2552–08(2014). DOI:
10.1520/E2552-16 mental effects of munition compounds resulting from intended
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Consh
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2552 − 08 (Reapproved 2014) E2552 − 16
Standard Guide for
Assessing the Environmental and Human Health Impacts of
1
New Energetic CompoundsCompounds for Military Use
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2552; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Sustaining training operations while maintaining force health is vital to national security. Research
efforts are underway to identify energeticnew substances that have negligible environmental impacts
and implement them in military munitions. weapon systems and applications. This guide is intended
to provide a standardized method to evaluate the potential human health and environmental impacts
of prospective candidate energetic substances. This guide is intended for use by technical persons with
a broad knowledge of risk assessment, fate and transport processes, and toxicology to provide
recommendations to the research chemist or systems engineer regarding the environmental conse-
quences of use.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide is intended to determine the relative environmental influence of new munition constituents, substances,
consistent with the research and development (R&D) level of effort and is intended to be applied in a logical, tiered manner that
parallels both the available funding and the stage of research, development, testing, and evaluation. Specifically, conservative
assumptions, relationships, and models are recommended early in the research stage, and as the munition technology is matured,
empirical data will be developed and used. Munition constituents are included and may include fuels, oxidizers, explosives,
binders, stabilizers, metals, dyes, and other compounds used in the formulation to produce a desired effect. Munition systems range
from projectiles, grenades, rockets/missiles, training simulators, smokes and obscurants. Given the complexity of issues involved
in the assessment of environmental fate and effects and the diversity of the munition systems used, this guide is broad in scope
and not intended to address every factor that may be important in an environmental context. Rather, it is intended to reduce
uncertainty at minimal cost by considering the most important factors related to the human health and environmental impacts of
energetic materials. This guide provides a method for collecting data useful in a relative ranking procedure to provide the
munitionsystems scientist with a sound basis for prospectively determining a selection of candidates based on environmental and
human health criteria. The general principles in this guide are applicable to other substances beyond energetics if intended to be
used in a similar manner with similar exposure profiles.
1.2 The scope of this guide includes:
1.2.1 Energetic and other new/novel materials and compositions in all stages of research, development, test and evaluation.
1.2.2 Environmental assessment, including:
1.2.2.1 Human and ecological effects of the unexploded energetics and compositions on the environment.
1.2.2.2 Environmental transport mechanisms of the unexploded energetics and composition.
1.2.2.3 Degradation and bioaccumulation properties.
1.2.3 Occupational health impacts from manufacture and use of the energetic substances and compositions to include load,
assembly, and packing of the related munitions.
1.3 Given the wide array of applications, the methods in this guide are not prescriptive. They are intended to provide flexible,
general methods that can be used to evaluate factors important in determining environmental consequences from use of the
energetic substances.new substances in weapon systems and platforms.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E50 on Environmental Assessment, Risk Management and Corrective Action and is the direct responsibility
of Subcommittee E50.47 on Biological Effects and Environmental Fate.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014Feb. 1, 2016. Published December 2014March 2016. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 20082014 as
E2552E2552–08(2014).–08. DOI: 10.1520/E2552-08R14.10.1520/E2552-16
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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