ASTM D4175-05e1

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An American National Standard
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Designation:D4175–05
Standard Terminology Relating to
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Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4175; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
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e NOTE—Terms were transferred editorially in August 2006.
1. Scope where T is the transmittance as defined in 3.1.3.
1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of
DISCUSSION—Absorbance expresses the excess absorption over that
terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum ofaspecifiedreferenceorstandard.Itisimpliedthatcompensationhas
been affected for reflectance losses, solvent absorption losses, and
Products and Lubricants, except that it does not include
refractive effects, if present, and that attenuation by scattering is small
terms/definitions specific only to the standards in which they
compared with attenuation by absorption. [D02.04] D 2008
appear.
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to
absorptivity, a, n—the specific property of a substance to
petroleum, petroleum products, and lubricants. Meanings of
absorbradiantpowerperunitsampleconcentrationandpath
thesametermsoutsideofapplicationstopetroleum,petroleum
length, expressed by:
products,andlubricantscanbefoundinothercompilationsand
a 5 Af/bc
in dictionaries of general usage.
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places: (1) in the
where:
standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.
A = the absorbance defined in 3.1.4,
f = the dilution factor defined in 3.1.5,
2. Terminology
b = sample cell path length, and
c = the quantity of absorbing substance contained in a
2.1 Alphabetical listing of terms with definitions for each
term showing attributions as to source and subcommittee volume of solvent.
[D02.04] D 2008
jurisdiction is in bold print following the definition. Those
showingnoattributesareunderthejurisdictionofSubcommit-
acceptance limit (AL), n—a numerical value that defines the
tee CS 95. Some abbreviations, acronyms and symbols are
point between acceptable and unacceptable quality.
included in the list.
DISCUSSION—The AL is not necessarily the specification limit. It is
3-MPA, n—3-methylphenylamine [D02.J0] D 6812
thevaluethattakesintoaccountthespecificationvalue,thetestmethod
precision, and the confidence level desired for defining minimum
abrasion, n—wearbydisplacementofmaterialcausedbyhard
particles or hard protuberances. [D02.B0] D 4998
acceptable quality relative to the specification value. [D02.94]
abrasive wear—wear due to hard particles or hard protuber- D 3244
ances forced against and moving along a solid surface.
accepted reference value, n—a value that serves as an
[D02.L0] D 5182
agreed-upon reference for comparison and that is derived as
absolute filtration rating, n—the diameter of the largest hard
(1) a theoretical or established value, based on scientific
spherical particle that will pass through a filter under
principles, (2) an assigned value, based on experimental
specified test conditions. This is an indication of the largest
work of some national or international organization, such as
opening in the filter element. [D02.N0] D 4174
the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology
absorbance, A, n—the molecular property of a substance that
(NIST), or (3) a consensus value, based on collaborative
determinesitsabilitytotakeupradiantpower,expressedby:
experimental work under the auspices of a scientific or
A 5log 1/T! 5–log T
~
10 10
engineering group. [D02.94] D 6299, [E11] E 456, E 177
accuracy, n—the closeness of agreement between a test result
and an accepted reference value. [D02.94] D 6792
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This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on accuracy, n—the closeness of agreement between an observed
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
value and an accepted reference value. [D02.94] D 6299
D02.95 on Terminology.
acidnumber, n—thequantityofbase,expressedasmilligrams
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published November 2005. Originally
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approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D4175–02a . of potassium hydroxide per gram of sample, required to
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D4175–05
titrate a sample to a specified end point. which a representative subpopulation of organisms is ex-
posedtodifferenttreatratesofatestmaterialandisobserv
...