ASTM F494-93(1998)

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An American National Standard
Designation: F 494 – 93 (Reapproved 1998)
Standard Test Methods for
Evaluating Primary Disposable Bag Integrity for Vacuum
Cleaners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 494; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.3 Test Specimens— Test specimens shall be representative
of the primary disposable bag system being tested.
1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of the integrity
3.4 Procedure—The primary disposable bag shall be in-
of the primary disposable bag used for vacuum cleaners.
stalled in accordance with the instructions of the vacuum
1.2 The intent of these test methods is to verify that the
cleaner manufacturer.
design of the primary disposable bag will perform satisfactorily
3.4.1 Construction of the primary disposable bag shall be
for the consumer in a wide range of normal use conditions.
such that no holes or tears will be made when it is prepared for
1.3 The following tests are included:
installation.
Section
3.4.2 When installed or removed, in accordance with in-
Installation and Removal 3
Workmanship 4
structions, the primary disposable bag shall not be damaged or
Durability 5
its function impaired.
Seams and Joints 6
3.5 Report—The report shall include any problems encoun-
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
tered during installation and removal of the primary disposable
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
bag.
information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the 4. Workmanship
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 Scope—This test method provides a means of evaluat-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ing workmanship of the primary disposable bag.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.2 Test Specimens— Test specimens shall be representative
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
of the primary disposable bag system being tested.
4.3 Procedure—Inspect primary disposable bag for con-
2. Significance and Use
formance to the following:
2.1 These test methods are useful for routine control, design
4.3.1 Complete sealing or fastening of all seams, tucks,
of end-use products, and acceptance testing for conformance to
joints, and attachments,
specifications. Good workmanship, seams, and joints that
4.3.2 No tears, rips, holes, or other manufacturing type
remain strong over a wide range of atmospheric conditions and
faults,
have the ability to withstand repeated cycles are necessary for
4.3.3 Printed instructions, when they appear, shall be clear
satisfactory end use to the consumer.
and legible,
4.3.4 Dimensions shall agree with drawing specifications, or
TEST METHODS
the primary disposable bag as defined by the vacuum cleaner
manufacturer, and
3. Installation and Removal
4.3.5 If adhesives are used for seams and joints, there shall
3.1 Scope—This test method provides guidelines for the
be no bleed through to adjacent plys or misplacements.
installation and removal of the primary disposable bag.
4.4 Report—The report shall include any defects in work-
3.2 Apparatus—The vacuum cleaner model for which the
manship noted in the inspection in 4.3.
primary disposable bag is intended.
5. Durability
5.1 Scope—The durability of the primary disposable bag is
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-11 on Vacuum
determined by a life test within the vacuum cleaner for which
Cleaners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F11.23 on Filtration.
the bag is intended.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 1993. Published January 1994. Originally
published as F 494 – 78. Last previous edition F 494 – 78 (1992)e . 5.2 Apparatus:
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F 494
5.2.1 Vacuum Cleaner. means, and multiple thickness of media. Measure multiple
5.2.2 Conditioning Chamber or Cabinet, in which speci- thicknesses that are intended for a specific filtering purpose as
mens may individually be exposed to circulating air and a single ply.
conditioning relative humidity and temperature within the 5.6.3 Prepare 0.0023 oz of coarse grade air cleaner test dust
limits specified in 5.5. per square inch of primary disposable bag area (0.010 g/cm ).
5.2.3 Temperature-Measuring Equipment, accurate to 5.6.4 Close vacuum bleed control and seal all openings
within 6 1°F ( 60.5°C). normally closed off with operation of tools.
5.2.4 Humidity-Measuring Equipment, accurate to within 6 5.6.5 Install the primary disposable bag in the intended
2 % relative humidity. manner in the vacuum cleaner for which it was designed.
5.2.5 Solenoid, to control the movement of a spring-loaded Energize the cleaner and adjust the voltage regulator to rated
plate. voltage 6 1V.
5.2.6 Timer, to control the activation of the solenoid on the 5.6.5.1 Operate the cleaner at the maximum speed setting
basis of time. provided for the carpet cleaning mode.
5.2.7 Plate, to seal the intake of the test cleaner. This plate, 5.6.6 Feed the amount of test dust specified in 5.6.3 at the
connected directly to the solenoid shaft, must open sufficiently rate of 0.7 6 0.07 oz (20 6 2 g)/min into the intake port.
so as not to restrict air flow and must open and close the intake 5.6.7 After loading and with the cleaner operating at rated
within 0.1 s. Motion of the plate must not be a sliding action. voltage, subject the cleaner to a test of 7.5 s open and 7.5 s
5.2.7.1 Canister Cleaners—The plate seals the nozzle end closed for a period of 12 h.
of the hose normally supplied with the vacuum cleaner. The 5.6.7.1 For the canister cleaner, alternately open and close
hose is attached to the vacuum cleaner in the normal manner the nozzle end of the hose with the plate described in 5.2.7,
with no attempts to seal leaks. while the cleaner remains running. For an upright cleaner,
5.2.7.2 Upright Cleaners— The plate seals a 1.75 6 0.02- alternately open and close the intake hole as described in
in. (44.5 6 0.5-mm) diameter hole located in an adapter cover. 5.2.7.2, while the cleaner remains running.
The adapter cover closes off the nozzle intake opening of the 5.7 Report—The report shall include any failure of the
cleaner without interfering with the rotating agitator. primary disposable bag.
5.2.8 Voltage Regulator—The regulator shall be capable of 5.7.1 Any rupture of the primary disposable bag material or
maintaining 120 6 1 V rms 60 Hz with a wave form that is separation of seams, tucks, joints, or attachments shall consti-
essentially sinusoidal with 3 % maximum harmonic distortion tute a failure. Pinhole leaks are not considered to be ruptures.
for the duration of the test.
6. Seams and Joints
5.2.9 Voltmeter, to measure input to the cleaner and provide
6.1 Scope—The evaluation of seams, tucks, joints, and
measurements accurate to within 6 1%.
attachments used to fabricate the primary disposable bag is
5.3 Test Specimens— Test specimens shall be representative
accomplished by means of temperature and humidity cycling
of the primary disposable bag being tested.
followed by visual inspection and durability tests.
5.4 Material—Coarse grade air cleaner test dust.
6.2 Apparatus:
NOTE 1—The particle size distribution by volume of the test dust is
6.2.1 Conditioning Chamber or Cabinet, in which speci-
given in Table 1.
mens may individually be exposed to circulating air and
5.5 Conditioning— Allow test specimens to age at ambient
conditioning relative humidity and temperature within the
conditions of 68 to 81°F (20 to 27°C) and 45 to 55 % relative
limits specified in 6.4.
humidity for a minimum of 24 h before starting tests.
6.2.2 Oven, with forced ventilation, that will maintain 156
5.6 Procedure:
6 2°F (68.9 6 1.1°C) at the test conditions where the
5.6.1 Perform all tests on the vacuum cleaner in a controlled
specimens are located and shielded from direct radiation from
ambient with a dry-bulb temperature of 68 to 81°F (20 to 27°C)
the heating element.
and 30 to 55 % relative humidity.
6.2.3 Cold Box, that will maintain specimens at − 20 6 2°F
5.6.2 Measure and calculate the total primary disposable
(−28.9 6 1.1°C) at the test conditions.
bag area excluding seams, joints, treated seal area, mounting
6.2.4 Temperature-Measuring Equipment, accurate to
within 6 1°F (6 0.5°C).
AB
TABLE 1 Analysis of Coarse Grade Air Cleaner F-11 Test Dust
6.2.5 Humidity-Measuring Equipment, accurate to within 6
Particle Size Distribution by Volume 2 % relative humidity.
6.3 Test Specimens— Test specimens shall be representative
Size, μm Coarse Grade
(% less than)
of the primary disposable bag being tested. Use fresh samples
5.5 13 6 3
for each of the tests in 6.5.1 and 6.5.2 and 6.5.2, and 6.5.3.
11 24 6 3
6.4 Conditioning— Age all test specimens at least 24 h at
22 37 6 3
ambient conditions of 68 to 81°F (20 to 27°C) and 30 to 55 %
44 56 6 3
88 84 6 3
relative humidity to prepare them for the hot, cold, and
176 100
humidity test cycles.
A
The information in Table 1 is contained in “Air Cleaner Test Code,” SAE
6.4.1 Simultaneously condition specimens for the hot, cold,
Technical Report J726b.
B and humidity test cycles.
A satisfactory test dust is available from Powder Technology, Inc., 1119
Riverwood Drive, Burnsville, MN 55337. 6.5 Procedure:
F 494
6.5.1 Hot Test Cycle: 6.5.3.3 Repeat the cycle (6.5.3.1 and 6.5.3.2) three times.
6.5.1.1 Place the test specimens in an oven at 156 6 2°F 6.5.3.4 Examine the specimens visually for any obvious
(68.9 6 1.1°C) for 4 weeks. bond failures. If there is no obvious failure, subject each of the
6.5.1.2 Allow test specimens to condition at ambient con- test specimens to a durability evaluation similar to that in
ditions of 68 to 81°F (20 to 27°C) and 30 to 55 % relative Section 5. For this test, the operating period in 5.6.7 shall be 5
humidity for 30 min minimum after removal from oven. min instead of 12 h.
6.5.1.3 Examine the specimens visually for any obvious 6.6 Report—The report for each of the tests in 6.5 shall
failure and subject each of the test specimens to a durability include any failure of the primary disposable bag.
evaluation similar to that in Section 5. For this test, the 6.6.1 Any rupture of the primary disposable bag material or
operating period in 5.6.7 shall be 5 min instead of 12 h. separation of seams, tucks, joints, or attachments shall consti-
6.5.2 Cold Test Cycle: tute a failure. Pinhole leaks are not considered to be ruptures.
6.5.2.1 Place test specimens in a cold box for 24 h at − 20 6
2°F (−28.9 6 1.1°C).
7. Sampling
6.5.2.2 Condition at ambient conditions of 68 to 81°F (20 to
7.1 A sample of sufficient size for each primary disposable
27°C) and 30 to 55 % relative humidity for 30 min minimum
bag shall be tested until a 90 % confidence interval for the true
after removal from cold box.
percent defective is established.
6.5.2.3 Repeat the cycle (6.5.2.1 and 6.5.2.2) three times.
7.2 The minimum number of tests required is defined to be
6.5.2.4 Examine the specimens visually for any obvious
that number which will give a 90 % confidence interval for the
bond failures. If there is no obvious failure, subject each of the
true percent defective that is less than 0.20 in width (see Annex
test specimens to a durability evaluation similar to that in
A1).
Section 5. For this test, the operating period in 5.6.7 shall be 5
min instead of 12 h.
8. Precision and Bias
6.5.3 Humidity Test Cycle:
8.1 Precision and bias do not apply for this test method
6.5.3.1 Place test specimens in the conditioning chamber at
since this is a procedure for a test that is conducted to a
89.6 6 3.6°F (32 6 2°C) and 86 to 90 % relative humidity for
specified end point.
24 h.
6.5.3.2 After removing the test specimens from the condi-
9. Keywords
tioning chamber, condition them for 4 h minimum at 68 to 81°F
(20 to 27°C) and 30 to 55 % relative humidity. 9.1 vacuum cleaner disposable bag integrity
ANNEX
(Mandatory Information)
A1. DETERMINATION OF 90 % CONFIDENCE INTERVAL (PROPORTION)
A1.1 The most common and ordinarily the best single A1.3 The following procedure gives an interval which is
estimate (p) of the true proportion (or percentage) (P) of items expected to bracket ( P), the true proportion, 100 (1 − a)%of
that have a given quality characteristic is simply the number of the time:
items ( r) that possess this characteristic divided by the total
A1.3.1 Choose the desired confidence level, 1 − a.
number of items (n).
A1.3.2 Compute p = r/n.
p 5 r/n (A1.1)
A1.3.3 If n w- 30, use Table A1.1.
a
A1.3.4 If n > 30, look up Z = Z − ⁄2 in Table A1.2 and
When a sample is taken from a population, the sample
compute:
proportion that posseses the characteristic will seldom be
exactly the same proportion as the population. It is hoped to be
p 1 2 p!
~
P 5 p 1 Z (A1.2)
u
fairly close so that a statement of the confidence interval will
n
bracket the true proportion.
p ~1 2 p!
P 5 p 2 Z
l ˛
n
A1.2 Glossary of Additional Terms:
The interval from P to P is a 100(1 − a) % confidence
l u
interval for the true proportion; that is, we may assert with
a = probability of being wrong,
100(1 − a) % confidence that P < P < P . It can be seen that
l u
1− a = probability of being correct,
as n → ‘, p(l − p)/n → 0. Thus smaller confidence intervals for
P = upper limit of the confidence interval for P,
u
the true proportion can be obtained by using larger samples.
P = lower limit of the confidence interval for P, and
l
A = chosen limit for the width of the confidence inter-
A1.4 In application, we are interested in a 90 % confidence
val (per 7.2, A = 0.20).
interval if the true proportion (a = 0.10) and we desire the
F 494
width of the interval to be less than some value A. Values of A1.4.2 Compute p for the sample.
Z = Z will be taken from Table A1.2 and used in the
A1.4.3 If n # 30, use Table A1.1 to find values. For
0.95
computation.
example, if n = 20 and r = 6, at the 90 % confidence level,
A1.4.1 Repeat the test n times to establish a minimum P = 0.141 and P = 0.500.
l u
sample size.
A
TABLE A1.1 Confidence Limits for a Proportion (Two-Sided)
NOTE 1—Upper limits are in boldface. The observed proportion in a random sample is r/n.
r 90 % 95 % 99 % r 90 % 95 % 99 %
n =1 n =2
0 0 0.900 0 0.950 0 0.990 0 0 0.684 0 0.776 0 0.900
1 0.100 1 0.050 1 0.01011 0.051 0.949 0.025 + 0.975− 0.005 + 0.995−
2 0.316 1 0
...