ASTM D6081-19
(Practice)Standard Practice for Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Lubricants: Sample Preparation and Results Interpretation
Standard Practice for Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Lubricants: Sample Preparation and Results Interpretation
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice gives techniques to use in the preparation of lubricants or lubricant components for acute or chronic aquatic toxicity tests. Most lubricants and lubricant components are difficult to evaluate in toxicity tests because they are mixtures of chemical compounds with varying and usually poor solubility in water. Lubricants or lubricant component mixtures should not be added directly to aquatic systems for toxicity testing because the details of the addition procedure will have a large effect on the results of the toxicity test. Use of the techniques described in this practice will produce well-characterized test systems that will lead to tests with meaningful and reproducible results.
5.2 The toxicity of mixtures of poorly soluble components cannot be expressed in the usual terms of lethal concentration (or the similar terms of effect concentration or inhibition concentration) because the mixtures may not be completely soluble at treat levels that lead to toxic effects. The test material preparation techniques given in this practice lead to test results expressed in terms of loading rate, which is a practical and meaningful concept for expressing the toxicity of this type of material.
5.3 One of the recommended methods of material preparation for lubricants or their components is the mechanical dispersion technique. This particular technique generates turbulence, and thus, it should not be used for poorly swimming organisms.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures to be used in the preparation of lubricants or their components for toxicity testing in aquatic systems and in the interpretation of the results of such tests.
1.2 This practice is suitable for use on fully-formulated lubricants or their components that are not completely soluble at the intended test treat rates. It is also suitable for use with additives, if the additive is tested after being blended into a carrier fluid at the approximate concentration as in the intended fully formulated lubricant. The carrier fluid shall meet the above solubility criterion, be known to be minimally toxic in the toxicity test in which the material will be tested, and be known to have a chemical composition similar to the rest of the intended fully formulated lubricant.
1.3 Samples prepared in accordance with this practice may be used in acute or chronic aquatic toxicity tests conducted in fresh water or salt water with fish, large invertebrates, or algae. This practice does not address preparation of samples for plant toxicity testing other than algae.
1.4 Standard acute and chronic aquatic toxicity procedures are more appropriate for lubricants with compositions that are completely soluble at the intended test treat rates (1, 2, 3, 4, 5).2
1.5 This practice is intended for use with lubricants or lubricant components of any volatility.
1.6 This practice does not address any questions regarding the effects of any lubricant or lubricant component on human health.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D6081 − 19
Standard Practice for
Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Lubricants: Sample Preparation
1
and Results Interpretation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6081; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This practice covers procedures to be used in the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
preparation of lubricants or their components for toxicity
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
testinginaquaticsystemsandintheinterpretationoftheresults
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
of such tests.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
1.2 This practice is suitable for use on fully-formulated
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
lubricants or their components that are not completely soluble
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
at the intended test treat rates. It is also suitable for use with
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
additives, if the additive is tested after being blended into a
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
carrierfluidattheapproximateconcentrationasintheintended
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
fully formulated lubricant. The carrier fluid shall meet the
2. Referenced Documents
above solubility criterion, be known to be minimally toxic in
3
the toxicity test in which the material will be tested, and be
2.1 ASTM Standards:
knowntohaveachemicalcompositionsimilartotherestofthe
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
intended fully formulated lubricant.
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
1.3 Samples prepared in accordance with this practice may
Fuels, and Lubricants
be used in acute or chronic aquatic toxicity tests conducted in
E729 Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Test
fresh water or salt water with fish, large invertebrates, or algae.
Materials with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphib-
This practice does not address preparation of samples for plant
ians
toxicity testing other than algae.
E943 Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Envi-
1.4 Standard acute and chronic aquatic toxicity procedures
ronmental Fate
are more appropriate for lubricants with compositions that are
2
completelysolubleattheintendedtesttreatrates (1, 2, 3, 4, 5).
3. Terminology
1.5 This practice is intended for use with lubricants or
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, see
lubricant components of any volatility.
Terminologies D1129, D4175, and E943.
1.6 This practice does not address any questions regarding 3.2 Definitions:
the effects of any lubricant or lubricant component on human
3.2.1 acute toxicity test, n—a comparative toxicity test in
health. which a representative subpopulation of organisms is exposed
to different treat rates of a test material and is observed for a
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
short period, usually not constituting a substantial portion of
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
their life span.
standard.
3.2.2 chronic toxicity test, n—a comparative toxicity test in
which a representative subpopulation of organisms is exposed
to different treat rates of a test material and is observed for a
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
periodoftimethatconstitutesamajorportionoftheirlifespan.
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
mittee D02.12 on Environmental Standards for Lubricants.
CurrenteditionapprovedMay1,2019.PublishedJuly2019.Originallyapproved
3
in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D6081 – 98 (2014). DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/D6081-19. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
this standard. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6081 − 19
3.2.3 ecotoxicity, n—propensityofatestmaterialtoproduce 3.3.2 exposure matrix, n—the water accommodat
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6081 − 98 (Reapproved 2014) D6081 − 19
Standard Practice for
Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Lubricants: Sample Preparation
1
and Results Interpretation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6081; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This practice covers procedures to be used in the preparation of lubricants or their components for toxicity testing in aquatic
systems and in the interpretation of the results of such tests.
1.2 This practice is suitable for use on fully-formulated lubricants or their components that are not completely soluble at the
intended test treat rates. It is also suitable for use with additives, if the additive is tested after being blended into a carrier fluid
at the approximate concentration as in the intended fully formulated lubricant. The carrier fluid shall meet the above solubility
criterion, be known to be minimally toxic in the toxicity test in which the material will be tested, and be known to have a chemical
composition similar to the rest of the intended fully formulated lubricant.
1.3 Samples prepared in accordance with this practice may be used in acute or chronic aquatic toxicity tests conducted in fresh
water or salt water with fish, large invertebrates, or algae. This practice does not address preparation of samples for plant toxicity
testing other than algae.
1.4 Standard acute and chronic aquatic toxicity procedures are more appropriate for lubricants with compositions that are
2
completely soluble at the intended test treat rates (1, 2, 3, 4, 5).
1.5 This practice is intended for use with lubricants or lubricant components of any volatility.
1.6 This practice does not address any questions regarding the effects of any lubricant or lubricant component on human health.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
E729 Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Test Materials with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians
E943 Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Environmental Fate
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, see Terminologies D1129, D4175, and E943.
3.2 Definitions:
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.12 on Environmental Standards for Lubricants.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014May 1, 2019. Published November 2014July 2019. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20092014 as
D6081–98(2009).D6081 – 98 (2014). DOI: 10.1520/D6081-98R14.10.1520/D6081-19.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this standard.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6081 − 19
3.2.1 acute toxicity test, n—a comparative toxicity test in which a representative subpopulation of organisms is exposed to
different treat rates of a test material and is observed for a short
...
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