ASTM D4175-02ae2

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An American National Standard
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Designation:D4175–02a
Standard Terminology Relating to
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Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4175; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
e NOTE—Terms were added editorially in October 2003.
2
e NOTE—Terms were added editorially in August 2004.
DISCUSSION—Absorbance expresses the excess absorption over that
1. Scope
ofaspecifiedreferenceorstandard.Itisimpliedthatcompensationhas
1.1 This standard is the compilation of terminology devel-
been affected for reflectance losses, solvent absorption losses, and
oped by Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubri-
refractive effects, if present, and that attenuation by scattering is small
cants, except that it does not include terms/definitions specific
compared with attenuation by absorption. [D02.04] D 2008
only to the standards in which they appear.
absorptivity, a, n—the specific property of a substance to
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to
absorbradiantpowerperunitsampleconcentrationandpath
petroleum, petroleum products, and lubricants. Meanings of
length, expressed by:
thesametermsoutsideofapplicationstopetroleum,petroleum
products,andlubricantscanbefoundinothercompilationsand a 5 Af/bc
in dictionaries of general usage.
where:
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places (1) in the
A = the absorbance defined in 3.1.4,
standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.
f = the dilution factor defined in 3.1.5,
b = sample cell path length, and
2. Terminology
c = the quantity of absorbing substance contained in a
2.1 Alphabetical listing of terms with definitions for each
volume of solvent.
term showing attributions as to source and subcommittee
[D02.04] D 2008
jurisdiction is in bold print following the definition. Those
acceptance limit (AL), n—a numerical value that defines the
showingnoattributesareunderthejurisdictionofSubcommit-
point between acceptable and unacceptable quality.
tee CS 95. Some abbreviations, acronyms and symbols are
included in the list. DISCUSSION—The AL is not necessarily the specification limit. It is
thevaluethattakesintoaccountthespecificationvalue,thetestmethod
abrasion, n—wearbydisplacementofmaterialcausedbyhard
precision, and the confidence level desired for defining minimum
particles or hard protuberances. [D02.B0] D 4998
acceptable quality relative to the specification value. [D02.94]
abrasive wear—wear due to hard particles or hard protuber-
D 3244
ances forced against and moving along a solid surface.
accepted reference value, n—a value that serves as an
[D02.L0] D 5182
agreed-upon reference for comparison and that is derived as
absolute filtration rating, n—the diameter of the largest hard
(1) a theoretical or established value, based on scientific
spherical particle that will pass through a filter under
principles, (2) an assigned value, based on experimental
specified test conditions. This is an indication of the largest
work of some national or international organization, such as
opening in the filter element. [D02.N0] D 4174
the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology
absorbance, A, n—the molecular property of a substance that
(NIST), or (3) a consensus value, based on collaborative
determinesitsabilitytotakeupradiantpower,expressedby:
experimental work under the auspices of a scientific or
A 5log 1/T 5–log T
~ !
10 10
engineering group. [D02.94] D 6299, [E11] E 456, E 177
where T is the transmittance as defined in 3.1.3.
accuracy, n—the closeness of agreement between a test result
and an accepted reference value. [D02.94] D 6792
acidnumber, n—thequantityofbase,expressedasmilligrams
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of potassium hydroxide per gram of sample, required to
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum
ProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD02.95on titrate a sample to a specified end point.
Terminology.
DISCUSSION—This test method expresses the quantity of base as
Current edition approvedAug. 10, 2002. Published September 2002. Originally
published as D4175–83. Last previous edition D4175–02. milligramsofpotassiumhydroxidepergramofsample,thatisrequired
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D4175–02a
to titrate a sample in the solvent from its initial meter reading in
portion of their life span. [D02.12] D 6384
millivolts to a meter readin
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