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ASTM D8094-20

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Water Content of Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) Using an Online Electronic Moisture Analyzer

Standard Test Method for Determination of Water Content of Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) Using an Online Electronic Moisture Analyzer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The moisture content of LPG can be critical to the use, transportation, or processing of LPG products, especially at cold ambient temperatures and during pressure throttling, when icing or hydrate formation, or both, are most likely to occur. In order to prevent ice or hydrate formation, or both, the water content has to be low enough to prevent the formation of free water in storage tanks and/or regulators over the entire range of operating conditions (temperatures, pressures, and compositions) encountered during normal service. For example, propane and propane-propene mixtures require moisture levels below the equilibrium saturation level of water at operating temperature and pressure for these hydrocarbons to meet specifications such as Specification D1835.  
5.2 The presence of free water in a propane system can lead to ice or hydrate accumulation, the blockage of vapor or liquid fuel lines, and disrupt the operation of pumps, meters, filters, valves, regulators, safety shut-off valves, and other equipment.  
5.3 This test method allows continuous monitoring of process flow streams and could be applied to monitoring of product dryness during transportation operations if it is known that methanol has not been added.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of water in liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) from 1 mg/kg to 250 mg/kg using an online electronic moisture analyzer, also known as an electronic hygrometer or dew point analyzer, in the absence of methanol or other anti-freeze agent.  
1.1.1 These analyzers commonly use sensing cells based on aluminum oxide, Al2O3, silicone, phosphorus pentoxide, P2O5, piezoelectric-type cells, or laser-based technologies to measure the dew point temperature of LPG.  
1.1.2 Knowledge of the hydrocarbon composition of the LPG is required to calculate the water content on a mass basis from the dew point temperature of an LPG sample.  
1.1.3 The LPG shall be free of alcohol (sometimes added as an anti-freeze agent) as it can interfere with the electronic moisture analyzer. Thus the method will be most useful in a process facility where it is known that no methanol has been added to the LPG product.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.2.1 There is an exception in Appendix X1, where the unit “mbar” is used in data provided by an external source, and parts per million by weight (ppm by weight) is widely used in industry.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Sep-2020
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.H0 - Liquefied Petroleum Gas
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D8094-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Water Content of Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) Using an Online Electronic Moisture AnalyzerASTM D8094-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Water Content of Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) Using an Online Electronic Moisture Analyzer
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ASTM D8094-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Water Content of Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) Using an Online Electronic Moisture Analyzer
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D8094 −20
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Water Content of Liquefied Petroleum
1
Gases (LPG) Using an Online Electronic Moisture Analyzer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8094; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination
D1142 Test Method for Water Vapor Content of Gaseous
of water in liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) from 1 mg⁄kg to
Fuels by Measurement of Dew-Point Temperature
250 mg⁄kg using an online electronic moisture analyzer, also
D1145 Test Method for Sampling Natural Gas (Withdrawn
known as an electronic hygrometer or dew point analyzer, in
3
1986)
the absence of methanol or other anti-freeze agent.
D1835 Specification for Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases
1.1.1 These analyzers commonly use sensing cells based on
D2163 Test Method for Determination of Hydrocarbons in
aluminum oxide,Al O , silicone, phosphorus pentoxide, P O ,
2 3 2 5
Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases and Propane/Propene
piezoelectric-type cells, or laser-based technologies to measure
Mixtures by Gas Chromatography
the dew point temperature of LPG.
D2421 Practice for Interconversion of Analysis of C and
1.1.2 Knowledge of the hydrocarbon composition of the 5
Lighter Hydrocarbons to Gas-Volume, Liquid-Volume, or
LPG is required to calculate the water content on a mass basis
Mass Basis
from the dew point temperature of an LPG sample.
D6849 Practice for Storage and Use of Liquefied Petroleum
1.1.3 The LPG shall be free of alcohol (sometimes added as
Gases (LPG) in Sample Cylinders for LPG Test Methods
an anti-freeze agent) as it can interfere with the electronic
D7453 Practice for Sampling of Petroleum Products for
moisture analyzer. Thus the method will be most useful in a
Analysis by Process Stream Analyzers and for Process
process facility where it is known that no methanol has been
Stream Analyzer System Validation
added to the LPG product.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3. Terminology
standard.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.2.1 There is an exception in Appendix X1, where the unit
3.1.1 capacitance-type cell, n—a sensor that can store elec-
“mbar” is used in data provided by an external source, and
tric charge which changes with the partial pressure of water
parts per million by weight (ppm by weight) is widely used in
vapor in the system.
industry.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—An example of capacitance-type cell
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
uses aluminum coated with Al O as part of a capacitor. The
2 3
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
dielectric Al O film changes the capacity of the capacitor in
2 3
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
relation to the water vapor present.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1.1.2 Discussion—Silicone cells also operate on the same
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
principal by reporting a capacitance change when adsorbing or
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
desorbing water vapor.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1.2 dew point, n—the temperature, at a fixed pressure,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
where condensation of water first occurs.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Charts of dew points versus pressure
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
and water content are found in Test Method D1142.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Subcommittee D02.H0 on Liquefied Petroleum Gas. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2020. Published October 2020. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D8094-20. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8094−20
3.1.2.2 Discussion—When water vapor is present in vapor- content has to be low enough to prevent the formation of
...

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1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
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(approximate)  
A  
Light Distillates  
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Gas Oils  
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C  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a rapid and precise elemental measurement with simple sample preparation. Typical analysis times are approximately 4 min to 5 min per sample with a preparation time of approximately 1 min to 3 min per sample.  
5.2 The quality of crude oil is related to the amount of sulfur present. Knowledge of the vanadium and nickel concentration is necessary for processing purposes as well as contractual agreements.  
5.3 The presence of vanadium and nickel presents significant risks for contamination of the cracking catalysts in the refining process.  
5.4 This test method provides a means of determining whether the vanadium and nickel content of crude meets the operational limits of the refinery and whether the metal content will have a deleterious effect on the refining process or when used as a fuel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of total vanadium and nickel in crude and residual oil in the concentration ranges shown in Table 1 using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry.  
1.2 Sulfur is measured for analytical purposes only for the compensation of X-ray absorption matrix effects affecting the vanadium and nickel X-rays. For measurement of sulfur by standard test method use Test Methods D4294, D2622 or other suitable standard test method for sulfur in crude and residual oils.  
1.3 This test method is limited to the use of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers employing an X-ray tube for excitation in conjunction with wavelength dispersive detection system or energy dispersive high resolution semiconductor detector with the ability to separate signals of adjacent and near-adjacent elements.  
1.4 This test method uses inter-element correction factors calculated from XRF theory, the fundamental parameters (FP) approach, or best fit regression.  
1.5 Samples containing higher concentrations than shown in Table 1 must be diluted to bring the elemental concentration of the diluted material within the scope of this test method.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6.1 The preferred concentrations units are mg/kg for vanadium and nickel.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
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  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off