ASTM C949-80(2020)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C949 − 80 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Test Method for
Porosity in Vitreous Whitewares by Dye Penetration
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C949; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope one or more pressures for prescribed times. After drying, the
specimens are broken and inspected for the extent of dye
1.1 This test method covers procedures for detecting pores,
penetration into the body, or into defects present in the body.
cracks, or other voids that may be present in otherwise
impermeable whiteware ceramics, or as porosity in underfired
5. Significance and Use
ware.
5.1 This test method provides a means for readily determin-
NOTE 1—This test method was partially derived from ANSI C29.1.
ing if a ceramic is properly fired (matured). Penetration of any
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
extent may negate the usefulness of the ceramic, or, arbitrarily,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
some degree of penetration may be acceptable for the use or
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
commercial quality of the item being tested.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
6. Apparatus
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
6.1 Vessel, capable of applying and holding a pressure of
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
10 000 psi (68.9 MPa).
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
6.1.1 Fig. 1 illustrates a satisfactory device.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
NOTE 2—Fig. 1 does not represent the only possible design or
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
configuration. It is representative of a device that has been successfully
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
used.
2. Referenced Documents
6.1.2 Fig. 2 illustrates an actual device and typical ex-
amples.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related 6.1.3 Fig. 3 illustrates an assembled device, including
fixture, under pressure.
Products
2.2 ANSI Standard:
7. Testing Solution
C29.1 Test Methods for Electrical Power Insulators
7.1 Use a solution consisting of1gof basic fuchsine dye
3. Terminology
dissolved in 1 L of 50 % alcohol.
3.1 Definitions:
NOTE 3—The alcohol used should not react with the dye to cause
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer
fading.
to Terminology C242.
8. Preparation of Test Specimens
4. Summary of Test Method
8.1 Use freshly broken fragments, approximately ⁄4 in.
4.1 Randomly selected unglazed fragments of vitreous
(6 mm) in the smallest dimension, up to ⁄4 in. (19 mm) in the
whiteware products are immersed in a fuchsine dye solution, at
largest dimension, of the whiteware ceramic. At least 75 % of
the surface shall be free of glaze or other surface treatment.
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic
Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C21.03 on Methods for Whitewares and Environmental Concerns. 9. Procedure
Current edition appro
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