ASTM E2847-14
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Calibration and Accuracy Verification of Wideband Infrared Thermometers
Standard Test Method for Calibration and Accuracy Verification of Wideband Infrared Thermometers
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide provides guidelines and basic test methods for the accuracy verification of infrared thermometers. It includes test set-up and calculation of uncertainties. It is intended to provide the user with a consistent method, while remaining flexible in the choice of calibration equipment. It is understood that the uncertainty obtained depends in large part upon the apparatus and instrumentation used. Therefore, since this guide is not prescriptive in approach, it provides detailed instruction in uncertainty evaluation to accommodate the variety of apparatus and instrumentation that may be employed.
5.2 This guide is intended primarily for calibrating handheld infrared thermometers. However, the techniques described in this guide may also be appropriate for calibrating other classes of radiation thermometers. It may also be of help to those calibrating thermal imagers.
5.3 This guide specifies the necessary elements of the report of calibration for an infrared thermometer. The required elements are intended as a communication tool to help the end user of these instruments make accurate measurements. The elements also provide enough information, so that the results of the calibration can be reproduced in a separate laboratory.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers electronic instruments intended for measurement of temperature by detecting the intensity of thermal radiation exchanged between the subject of measurement and the sensor.
1.2 The devices covered by this test method are referred to as infrared thermometers in this document.
1.3 The infrared thermometers covered in this test method are instruments that are intended to measure temperatures below 1000°C, measure thermal radiation over a wide bandwidth in the infrared region, and are direct-reading in temperature.
1.4 This guide covers best practice in calibrating infrared thermometers. It addresses concerns that will help the user perform more accurate calibrations. It also provides a structure for calculation of uncertainties and reporting of calibration results to include uncertainty.
1.5 Details on the design and construction of infrared thermometers are not covered in this test method.
1.6 This test method does not cover infrared thermometry above 1000°C. It does not address the use of narrowband infrared thermometers or infrared thermometers that do not indicate temperature directly.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
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Designation:E2847 −14
Standard Test Method for
Calibration and Accuracy Verification of Wideband Infrared
1
Thermometers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2847; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.1 This test method covers electronic instruments intended
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
for measurement of temperature by detecting the intensity of
thermal radiation exchanged between the subject of measure-
2. Referenced Documents
ment and the sensor.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 The devices covered by this test method are referred to
E344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-
as infrared thermometers in this document.
etry
1.3 The infrared thermometers covered in this test method
E1256 Test Methods for Radiation Thermometers (Single
are instruments that are intended to measure temperatures Waveband Type)
below 1000°C, measure thermal radiation over a wide band- E2758 Guide for Selection and Use of Wideband, Low
width in the infrared region, and are direct-reading in tempera- Temperature Infrared Thermometers
ture.
3. Terminology
1.4 This guide covers best practice in calibrating infrared
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
thermometers. It addresses concerns that will help the user
3.1.1 cavity bottom, n—the portion of the cavity radiation
perform more accurate calibrations. It also provides a structure
source forming the end of the cavity.
for calculation of uncertainties and reporting of calibration
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The cavity bottom is the primary area
results to include uncertainty.
where an infrared thermometer being calibrated measures
1.5 Details on the design and construction of infrared
radiation.
thermometers are not covered in this test method.
3.1.2 cavity radiation source, n—a concave shaped geom-
1.6 This test method does not cover infrared thermometry
etry approximating a perfect blackbody of controlled tempera-
above 1000°C. It does not address the use of narrowband
ture and defined emissivity used for calibration of radiation
infrared thermometers or infrared thermometers that do not
thermometers.
indicate temperature directly.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Acavity radiation source is a subset of
thermal radiation sources.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information 3.1.2.2 Discussion—To be a cavity radiation source of
practicalvalueforcalibration,atleast90 %ofthefield-of-view
only.
of a radiation thermometer is expected to be incident on the
1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
cavity bottom. In addition, the ratio of the length of the cavity
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
versus the cavity diameter is expected to be greater than or
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
equal to 5:1.
and are not considered standard.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor- 3.1.3 cavity walls, n—the inside surfaces of the concave
shape forming a cavity radiation source.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.4 customer, n—the individual or institution to whom the
calibration or accuracy verification is being provided.
3.1.5 distance-to-size ratio (D:S), n—see field-of-view.
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE20onTemperature
Measurement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E20.02 on Radiation
2
Thermometry. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2014. Published May 2014. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ε1
approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E2847–13 . DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E2847–14. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2847−14
3.1.6 effective emissivity, n—the ratio of the amount of 5. Significance and Use
energy over a given spectral band exiting a thermal radiation
5.1 This guide provides guidelines and basic test methods
source to that predicted by Planck’s Law at a given tempera-
for the accuracy verification of infrared thermometers. It
ture.
includes test set-up and calculation of unce
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: E2847 − 13 E2847 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Calibration and Accuracy Verification of Wideband Infrared
1
Thermometers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2847; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Title corrected editorially in September 2013.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers electronic instruments intended for measurement of temperature by detecting the intensity of
thermal radiation exchanged between the subject of measurement and the sensor.
1.2 The devices covered by this test method are referred to as infrared thermometers in this document.
1.3 The infrared thermometers covered in this test method are instruments that are intended to measure temperatures below
1000°C, measure thermal radiation over a wide bandwidth in the infrared region, and are direct-reading in temperature.
1.4 This guide covers best practice in calibrating infrared thermometers. It addresses concerns that will help the user perform
more accurate calibrations. It also provides a structure for calculation of uncertainties and reporting of calibration results to include
uncertainty.
1.5 Details on the design and construction of infrared thermometers are not covered in this test method.
1.6 This test method does not cover infrared thermometry above 1000°C. It does not address the use of narrowband infrared
thermometers or infrared thermometers that do not indicate temperature directly.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrometry
E1256 Test Methods for Radiation Thermometers (Single Waveband Type)
E2758 Guide for Selection and Use of Wideband, Low Temperature Infrared Thermometers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 cavity bottom, n—the portion of the cavity radiation source forming the end of the cavity.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E20 on Temperature Measurement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E20.02 on Radiation
Thermometry.
Current edition approved May 1, 2013May 1, 2014. Published July 2013May 2014. Originally approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 20112013 as E2847–11.
ε1
DOI: 10.1520/E2847–13–13 . DOI: 10.1520/E2847–14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
The cavity bottom is the primary area where an infrared thermometer being calibrated measures radiation.
3.1.2 cavity radiation source, n—a concave shaped geometry approximating a perfect blackbody of controlled temperature and
defined emissivity used for calibration of radiation thermometers.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2847 − 14
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
A cavity radiation source is a subset of thermal radiation sources.
3.1.2.2 Discussion—
To be a cavity radiation source of practical value for calibration, at least 90 % of the field-of-view of a radiation thermometer is
expected to be incident on the cavity bottom. In addition, the ratio of the length of the cavity versus the cavity diameter is expected
to be greater than or equal to 5:1.
3.1.3 cavity walls, n—the inside surfaces of the concave shape forming a cavity radiation source.
3.1.4 customer, n—the individual or institution to whom the calibration or accuracy verification is being provided.
3.1.5 distance-to-size ratio (D:S), n—see field-of-view.
3.1.6 effective emissivity, n—the ratio of the amount of energy over a given spectral band exiting a thermal radiation source to
that predicted by Planck’s Law at a given temperature.
3.1.7 field-of-view, n—a usually circular, flat surface of a measured object from which the radiation
...
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