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ASTM E3097-17

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Mechanical Uniaxial Constant Force Thermal Cycling of Shape Memory Alloys

Standard Test Method for Mechanical Uniaxial Constant Force Thermal Cycling of Shape Memory Alloys

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Constant force thermal cycling tests determine the effect of stress on the transformation temperatures, recovered strain and residual strain of a shape memory alloy. The tests may be for one thermal cycle but may involve repeated thermal cycles with the number of cycles increasing by orders of magnitude 10 until the response of the material to thermal cycling no longer changes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method defines procedures for determining the transformation temperatures, the related strains and the residual strain when a shape memory alloy is thermally cycled under an applied axial stress. This test is done to provide data for the design and selection of shape memory alloy thermoelastic actuators.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2017
ICS
77.120.99 - Other non-ferrous metals and their alloys
Technical Committee
E08 - Fatigue and Fracture
Drafting Committee
E08.05 - Cyclic Deformation and Fatigue Crack Formation
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM E3097-17 - Standard Test Method for Mechanical Uniaxial Constant Force Thermal Cycling of Shape Memory AlloysASTM E3097-17 - Standard Test Method for Mechanical Uniaxial Constant Force Thermal Cycling of Shape Memory Alloys
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ASTM E3097-17 - Standard Test Method for Mechanical Uniaxial Constant Force Thermal Cycling of Shape Memory Alloys
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E3097 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Mechanical Uniaxial Constant Force Thermal Cycling of
1
Shape Memory Alloys
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3097; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Determine Conformance with Specifications
1.1 This test method defines procedures for determining the
E74 Practices for Calibration and Verification for Force-
transformation temperatures, the related strains and the re-
Measuring Instruments
sidual strain when a shape memory alloy is thermally cycled
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
under an applied axial stress. This test is done to provide data
someter Systems
for the design and selection of shape memory alloy thermoelas-
E209 Practice for Compression Tests of Metallic Materials at
tic actuators.
Elevated Temperatures with Conventional or Rapid Heat-
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
ing Rates and Strain Rates
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
standard.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E1169 Practice for Conducting Ruggedness Tests
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the E2368 Practice for Strain Controlled Thermomechanical
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Fatigue Testing
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- F2004 Test Method for Transformation Temperature of
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Nickel-Titanium Alloys by Thermal Analysis
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- F2005 Terminology for Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Alloys
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the F2063 Specification for Wrought Nickel-Titanium Shape
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Memory Alloys for Medical Devices and Surgical Im-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
plants
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. F2082 Test Method for Determination of Transformation
Temperature of Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory Alloys
2. Referenced Documents by Bend and Free Recovery
2
F2516 Test Method for Tension Testing of Nickel-Titanium
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Superelastic Materials
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
2.2 Other Standards:
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 American National Standard for Metric
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-
2
Practice
terials
3
ASQ C1 general Requirements for a Quality program
E9 Test Methods of Compression Testing of Metallic Mate-
4
ISO 9001 Quality Management Systems—Requirements
rials at Room Temperature
E21 Test Methods for Elevated Temperature Tension Tests of
3. Terminology
Metallic Materials
3.1 Specific technical terms used in this test method are
found in Terminology F2005.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E08 on Fatigue
3.2 Definitions:
and Fracture and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E08.05 on Cyclic
Deformation and Fatigue Crack Formation.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2017. Published March 2018. DOI: 10.1520/
3
E3097–17 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,
the ASTM website. Geneva, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E3097 − 17
3.2.1 actuation strain (eact)—The full strain recovery 3.2.9 initial loading strain (e )—Initial specimen strain after
i
obtained when heating from LCT to UCT at a specified stress.
normalization and before cooling when loaded at the UCT.
It includes the thermal expansions of martensite and austenite
3.2.10 residual strain (e )—The final strain at the upper
res
as well the phase transformation strain. e 5e 2e
act LCT UCT
cycle
...

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ASTM E3097-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Uniaxial Constant Force Thermal Cycling of Shape Memory Alloys

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Constant force thermal cycling tests determine the effect of stress on the transformation temperatures, recovered strain and residual strain of a shape memory alloy. The tests may be for one thermal cycle. A standard test method for force controlled repeated thermal cycling of shape memory alloys is currently under development.  
5.2 Measurement of the specimen's thermomechanical behavior closely parallels many shape memory applications and provides a result that is applicable to the function of the material.  
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5.5 This test method can be used on trained and processed material in a semi-finished form to measure Two Way Shape Memory Effect by comparing the strain in the austenite state and martensite states with no minimal applied stress. The force is set to a minimum value not to exceed a corresponding stress of 7 MPa (in accordance Test Method F2516).  
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5.7 Transformation temperatures derived from this test method may not agree with those obtained by other test methods due to the effects of strain and stress on the transformation.  
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5.1 This test method is used to measure a specimen's material and shape memory effect properties in response to a uniaxial deformation and then cycling through a full thermal transformation to recover all or a portion of the deformation. A material's martensite stiffness, martensite residual strain, austenite recovered strain, and unrecovered strain (or plastic deformation) after thermal cycling is determined.  
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4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of beryllium metal are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
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1.5 Review the current Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first-aid procedures, and safety precautions.  
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