ASTM D7058-04

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:D7058–04
Standard Test Method for
Determination of the Red Dye Concentration and Estimation
of Saybolt Color of Aviation Turbine Fuels and Kerosine
Using a Portable Visible Spectrophotometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7058; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthereddye
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
concentration of aviation turbine fuel and kerosine and the
Petroleum Products
estimationoftheSayboltcolorofundyedandreddyed(<0.750
D6045 Test Method for Color of Petroleum Products by the
mg/L of Solvent Red 26 equivalent) aviation turbine fuel and
Automatic Tristimulus Method
kerosine. The test method is appropriate for use with aviation
E203 Test Method forWater UsingVolumetric Karl Fischer
turbine fuel and kerosine described in Specifications D1655
Titration
and D3699. Red dye concentrations are determined at levels
E1655 Practices for Infrared Multivariate Quantitative
equivalent to 0.026 to 0.750 mg/L of Solvent Red 26 in
Analysis
samples with Saybolt colors ranging from +30 to –16. The
E2056 Practice for Qualifying Spectrometers and Spectro-
Saybolt color of the base fuel for samples dyed red with
photometers for Use in Multivariate Analyses, Calibrated
concentration levels equivalent to 0.026 to 0.750 mg/L of
Using Surrogate Mixtures
Solvent Red 26 is estimated in the Saybolt Color range +30 to
–16. The Saybolt Color for undyed samples is estimated in the
3. Terminology
Saybolt color range from +30 to –16.
3.1 Definitions:
1.2 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be
3.1.1 Saybolt color, n—an empirical definition of the color
regarded as the standard.
of a clear petroleum liquid based on a scale of –16 to +30 and
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
determined by Test Method D156.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.2 surrogate calibration, n—a multivariate calibration
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
that is developed using a calibration set which consists of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
mixtureswithpre-specifiedandreproduciblecompositionsthat
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
contain substantially fewer chemical components than the
2. Referenced Documents samples, which will ultimately be analyzed.
3.1.3 surrogate method, n—standard test method that is
2.1 ASTM Standards:
based on a surrogate calibration.
D156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
(Saybolt Chromometer Method)
3.2.1 product dyes—alkyl derivative of azobenzene-4-azo-
D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid
2-naphthol (methyl derivatives of Color Index No. 26105)
Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
which are more soluble in diesel fuel.
D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
3.2.2 red dye, n—substance that, when added to fuel,
D3699 Specification for Kerosine
absorbs green light and imparts a red color to the product. For
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
this test method, red dye is:
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
3.2.2.1 Solvent Red 26—an azobenzene-4-azo-2-naphthol
dye of a specific chemical structure that is used to gauge the
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
amount of red dye present in a given sample.
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.05 on Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Materials.
4. Summary of Test Method
Current edition approved July 1, 2004. Published August 2004. DOI: 10.1520/
D7058-04.
4.1 A sample is introduced into the liquid specimen cell.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
The cell is placed into the light path of the apparatus. A beam
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
of visible light is imaged through the sample onto a detector,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D7058–04
and the detector response is determined. Wavelengths of the 7.2 Sample Cell, constructed of polymethacrylate or clear
spectrum, which correlate highly with the red dye concentra- optical glass having a path length of approximately 12 cm. If
tion and with the estimation of Saybolt color, are selected for more than one cell is used for calibration, validation, and
analysis using selective bandpass filters. A multivariate math- sample measurement, the path length of the cells must be
ematical analysis converts the detector response for the se- matched to 60.005 cm.
lected wavelengths to the red dye concentration and the
8. Sampling
estimated Saybolt color.
8.1 Samples shall be taken in accordance with Practice
5. Significance and Use
D4057 or D4177.
5.1 In the United States, high sulfur content distillate 8.2 Precautions shall be taken to shield the samples from
products and diesel fuel used for off-road purposes, other than
light prior to analysis.
aviation turbine fuel, are required to contain red dye.Asimilar
dye requirement exists for tax-free distillates. Contamination 9. Calibration and Standardization of the Apparatus
of aviation turbine fuel by small quantities of red dye has
9.1 Calibrate the instrument according to the procedure
occurred. Such contamination presents major problems be-
described in Annex A2.
cause airframe and engine manufacturers have severely limited
NOTE 1—The instruments are calibrated at the factory by the vendor.
operation on aviation turbine fuel containing red dye.
9.2 Qualify the instrument according to the procedure de-
5.2 An alternate methodology for the determination of the
presence of red dye in aviation turbine fuel is the observation scribed in Annex A3.
of the color of the fuel when placed in a white bucket. The
NOTE 2—The instruments are qualified at the factory by the vendor.
presence of the dye can be masked in aviation turbine fuels
9.2.1 If the qualification procedure is performed by the
having dark Saybolt color. This test method provides an
vendor, then the user shall perform a quality control check
objective means of quickly measuring red dye concentration,
according to the procedure described in Section 10.
but to avoid confusion with trace levels of other materials
which will be indicated by the instrument, the method requires
10. Quality Control Checks
that instrument readings below 0.026 mg/L be reported as No
10.1 To confirm the performance of the instrument periodi-
Dye Present.
cally, measure the red dye concentration and the estimated
5.3 The color of the base fuel is masked by the presence of
Saybolt color of three control samples using the procedure
the red dye. This test method provides a means of estimating
outlined in Section 11. The quality control check standards
the base color of aviation turbine fuel and kerosine in the
shall be analyzed at least once a week or before the sample
presence of red dye.
analysisiftheinstrumentisusedlessfrequentlythanweeklyor
6. Interferences if the instrument is moved to a different laboratory or field
location.
6.1 The presence of colorants resulting from the refining
process or crude oil or the presence of red dye other than the
11. Procedure
quantified types (alkyl derivatives of azobenzene-4-azo-2-
11.1 Prepare the spectrophotometer for operation in accor-
naphthol) can interfere with the accurate determination of the
red dye concentration reported as Solvent Red 26 equivalent, dance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
11.2 Equilibrate the sample to between 20 and 25°C.
or the accurate estimation of the base fuel color. If there is
controversy over whether the indicated dye concentration is 11.3 Fill a clean, dry, sample cell. The external optical
surfaces must be clean. If not, wipe clean, and dry with a piece
from the alkyl derivatives of azobenzene-4-azo-2-naphthol, the
procedure described in Annex A5 shall be used to confirm the of lint free paper (for example, lens paper).
11.4 Insert the sample cell into the cell chamber of the
presence of a red dye.
instrument.
7. Apparatus
11.5 Record the Solvent Red 26 equivalent concentration
and the estimated Saybolt color.
7.1 Filter Spectrophotometer, is equipped with specimen
chamber,visiblewavelengthsource,three10 62nmbandpass
12. Report
wavelength discriminating filters having center wavelengths at
approximately420 65nm,520 65nm,and650 65nm.The 12.1 Report the dye concentration below 0.026 mg/L as No
bandpass filters are used in conjunction with the visible Dye Present.
wavelength source to produce light in the blue, green, and red 12.2 Report the red dye concentration at or above 0.026
regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. A detector converts mg/L to the nearest 0.001 mg/L as Solvent Red 26 equivalent
the transmitted light to an electronic signal that is processed by dye.
3,4
an A-D converter and a microprocessor.
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
JT100S instruments, manufactured by PAC, LP, 300 Bammel Westfield Road, isprovided.Ifyouareawareofalternativesuppliers,pleaseprovidethisinformation
Houston, TX 77090, were used in the development of this test method. This is not to ASTM headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a
an endorsement or certification by ASTM International. meeting of the responsible technical committee , which you may attend.
D7058–04
R 5 0.026 mg/L
12.3 Report the color value as units of estimated Saybolt
color.
13.1.2.2 for samples in the Saybolt color range of –16 to
+30:
13. Precision and Bias
R 5 4.6 Saybolt color units
13.1 Interlaboratory tests of the procedure were carried out
using 18 samples covering the red dye concentration range
13.2 Bias—Since there is no accepted reference material
equivalent from 0.000 to 0.374 mg/L of Solvent Red 26
suitable for determining the bias for the procedure in this test
equivalents and covering the range of Saybolt color from –13
method, bias has not been determined.
to +30. Seven laboratories participated in the interlaboratory
13.3 Relative Bias (Dye Concentration)—Among certain
tests. The precision of this procedure, as determined by the
samples, some bias proportional to the dye concentration was
statistical examination of the interlaboratory test results, is as
observed when the dye concentration results were compared to
follows:
theexpectedconcentrations.Theobservedbiasdoesnotappear
13.1.1 Repeatability—The difference between successive
to be of a systematic nature and is not known to be related to
results, obtained with the same apparatus under constant
the accuracy of this test method, since the activity levels of the
operating conditions on identical samples, would in the long
dye in sample preparation have not been determined, only
run, in normal and correct operation of the test method, exceed
estimated.
the following value in only one case in twenty:
13.4 Relative Bias (Saybolt Color)—Some bias was ob-
13.1.1.1 for Solvent Red 26 equivalent dye concentrations
served when the color results were compared to the Test
between 0 to 0.750 mg/L:
Method D156 results, however, this bias was observed only for
r 5 0.006 mg/L
samples that had high concentration of the dye (>0.180 mg/L).
13.1.1.2 for samples in the Saybolt color range of –16 to ThebiasforthebasefuelswaswithinthestandarderrorofTest
+30: Method D156.
13.5 Theprecisionstatementsin13.1werederivedfromthe
r 5 1.1 Saybolt color units
1997 interlaboratory test program. Participants analyzed seven
13.1.2 Reproducibility—The difference between two single
sets of undyed base fuels and 13 sets of dyed base fuel/color
and independent results obtained from different instruments on
combinations in duplicate in the Saybolt color range of –16 to
identical samples, would in the long run, in normal and correct
+30 and dye concentration from 0 to 0.374 mg/L, seven
operation of the test method, exceed the following value in
laboratories participated with the automatic apparatus and five
only one case in twenty:
laboratories participated with the manual Test Method D156
13.1.2.1 forSolventRed26dyeconcentrationsbetween0to
apparatus.
0.750 mg/L:
14. Keywords
Supporting data, results of the 1997 Interlaboratory Cooperative Test Program,
14.1 aviation turbine fuel; kerosine; red dye concentration;
have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by
requesting Research Report RR:D02-1521. Saybolt color; visible spectrometry
ANNEXES
(Mandatory Information)
A1. PROCEDURE FOR PREPARATION OF RED DYE/SAYBOLT COLOR STANDARDS, QUALIFICATION SAMPLES,
AND QUALITY CONTROL SAMPLES
A1.1 Scope accurate to 0.1 nm. The photometric linearity is to be 60.5 %
of full scale and a photometric reproducibility of 60.2 %.
A1.1.1 This annex is a description of the preparation of dye
A1.2.2 Sample Cells, constructed of optical glass or quartz
concentration and color standard samples used for calibration
having a path length of 1 6 0.001 cm for use with the
and qualification. It also describes the preparation of possible
spectrophotometer described in A1.2.1.
standard samples that can be used for periodic checks.
A1.2.3 Filter Spectrophotometer, see 7.1.
A1.2.4 Sample Cell, see 7.2. For use with the spectropho-
A1.2 Apparatus
tometer described in A1.2.3.
A1.2.1 Spectrophotometer, equipped to measure the absor-
A1.2.5 Balance, with a readability of 0.1 mg, or better.
bance of solutions in the spectral region from 380 to 780 nm A1.2.6 Pipettes, 0.5 mL, 1 mL, and 2 mLcapacity, ClassA.
with an effective spectral slit width of 10 62nmor5 6 1 nm.
A1.2.7 Volumetric Flasks, 100 mL, 200 mL, and 250 mL
Wavelengthmeasurementsshallberepeatableandknowntobe capacity, Class A.
D7058–04
TABLE A1.1 Dye Solution Absorption Range TABLE A1.2 Indicated Dye Mixture Masses (g) for Synthesis of
Calibration Standards
Dye Solution Wavelength (nm) Absorption
Saybolt Amount of the Saybolt Color Amount of the Solvent
Yellow 5GS-EX 395 0.881 to 0.935
Samples
Number Mixed Dye Solution (g) Red 26 Solution
Orange EX 465 0.519 to 0.541
Blue SB 600 0.412 to 0.438
1 30 0
...