ASTM F2304-10(2016)e1

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
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Designation: F2304 − 10 F2304 − 10 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Practice for
Sealing of Sewers Using Chemical Grouting
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2304; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout in May 2016.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice describes the procedures for testing and sealing individual sewer pipe joints with appropriate chemical grouts
using the packer method. Sewer systems shall include sanitary, storm, and combined and their appurtenances. Chemical grouting
is a soil sealing process, which seals the voids within the soil surrounding the exterior of the pipe at the point of leakage. Chemical
grouting is not considered a structural repair.
1.2 This practice applies to sewers 6 to 42 in. (18 to 107 cm) in diameter. Larger diameter pipe may be grouted with specialized
packers or man entry methods. Host pipe interior surfaces must be adequate to create an effective seal for the packer elements.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 Worker safety training should include reviewing the hazards associated with hoses, pumps, tanks, couplers, compressors,
bottles, motors, and all other related application apparatus. Additional safety considerations including safely handling, mixing, and
transporting of chemical grouts should be provided by the chemical grout manufacturer or supplier or both. Their safe operating
practices and procedures should describe in detail appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) for the various grouting
operations. Operations covered should include the proper storage, transportation, mixing, and disposal of chemical grouts,
additives, and their associated containers.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 NASSCO Standards:
NASSCO Specifications Guidelines Wastewater Collection Systems Maintenance and Rehabilitation
NASSCO Specifications Guideline—Sewer Line Cleaning Wastewater Collections Systems Maintenance and Rehab, Sewer
Line Cleaning
NASSCO Specifications Guidelines—Television Inspection, Main Sewers Wastewater Collections Systems Maintenance and
Rehab, Television Inspection, Main Sewers
3. Summary of Practice
3.1 The work required by this practice shall consist of furnishing all labor, materials, equipment and supervising and performing
all work necessary to rehabilitate the designated sanitary or storm sewer lines or both, all in accordance with the procedures. The
work shall consist of, but not necessarily be limited to, performing the following tasks where specified:
3.1.1 Sewer Line Cleaning, shall be performed with hydraulically propelled high-velocity jet or mechanically powered
equipment. Selection of equipment shall be based on field conditions such as access to manholes, quantity of debris, size of sewer,
depth of flow, and so forth. NASSCO Specifications Guideline—Sewer Line Cleaning section adequately addresses the sewer line
cleaning process in the current edition.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F36 on Technology and Underground Utilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F36.20 on
Inspection and Renewal of Water and Wastewater Infrastructure.
Current edition approved May 1, 2010April 1, 2016. Published July 2010May 2016. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 20032010 as
F2304 – 03.F2304 – 10. DOI: 10.1520/F2304-10.10.1520/F2304-10R16E01.
Available NASSCO, 1108 Sheller Ave., Suite 5, Chambersburg, PA 17201.from National Association of Sewer Service Companies (NASSCO), 2470 Longstone Lane,
Suite M, Marriottsville, MD 21104, http://www.nassco.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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F2304 − 10 (2016)
3.1.2 Sewer Flow Control, shall be performed as required to comply with this practice.
3.1.3 Television Inspection, shall be required to reveal and document sewer line conditions and be performed in advance of or
in conjunction with pipe joint testing and sealing sewer pipe joints. NASSCO Specifications Guidelines—Television Inspection,
Main Sewers section adequately addresses sewer line television inspection processes in the current edition.
3.1.4 Sewer Pipe Joint Testing, shall be performed to identify defective (infiltrating/exfiltrating) pipe joints and shall be
accomplished by applying a positive test pressure to each individual sewer pipe joint, monitoring the test pressure and any test
pressure decay, or through visual observation of the leaking joint.
3.1.5 Sewer Pipe Joint Sealing, shall be accomplished by the pressure injection of chemical grout (chemical sealing material)
into the soils encompassing the pipe joint. Chemical grouts are designed to be injected into the soil surrounding the pipe, which
stabilizes the soil and forms a permanent impermeable seal called a soil ring. Because the chemical grout is placed outside the pipe,
adequate volumes must be injected to form an effective seal. This application will be through structurally sound joints from within
the pipe (packer method) in tandem with a closed circuit television inspection system.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The inspection, testing, and repair of sewer pipe joints is a practice that can assist in maintaining and optimizing sewer
performance. It is important to identify methods that use the most current compounds and technology to ensure the reduction of
infiltration and exfiltration. The method selected should utilize environmentally safe grout and minimize the disruption of traffic.
4.2 This practice serves as a means to inspect, test, and seal sewer pipe joints, having selected the appropriate chemical grouts,
using the packer method. Television inspection and joint testing are used to identify sewer line conditions, defective joints, and
document the repairs undertaken. Instruction on joint sealing, if necessary, is then detailed, using pressure injection into the soils
encompassing the pipe joint with a chemical grout (chemical sealing material).
4.3 This practice should not be used for longitudinally cracked pipe, severely corroded pipe, structurally unsound pipe,
flattened, or out-of-roundpipe. In areas with high groundwater pressure, greater than 10 psi (68.9 ksi) at the test point, consult
equipment manufacturers.
5. Contract Responsibilities
5.1 Sewer system sealing contracts should define or affix responsibility or make provisions for the following items:
5.1.1 Notice of Client/Owner Requirements, which are relevant to and within the scope of work to be performed under the
contract.
5.1.2 Municipal and Other Licenses and Permits, and assistance in obtaining approvals or consent from utilities or carriers or
other persons or organizations upon whose property or authority performance of work under the contract might impinge; or a
written release from responsibility for the performance of work under the contract if and to the extent such work is precluded by
the inability to obtain approvals or consent.
5.1.3 Access to Site of Work, to be provided to the extent that the owner is legally able to so provide or, if not so able, a written
release from responsibility for the performance of work at sites where access cannot be made available.
5.1.4 Clearances of Blockages or Obstructions, in the sewer system, if any, if such clearance is required for performance of
work under the contract and if such clearance is not otherwise provided for within the contract.
5.1.5 Location and Exposure of All Manholes, unless otherwise provided for in the contract.
5.1.6 Manhole Numbering System, for all areas of the project and accurate manhole invert elevations when required for
performance of the work.
5.1.7 Shutdown or Manual Operation of Certain Pump Stations, if such becomes necessary for performance of the work.
5.1.8 Water, necessary for performance of work under the contract, from fire hydrants or other sources must be obtained in
accordance with local ordinances.
5.1.9 Disposal Area, for all materials removed from the sewers during the performance of the work and the unencumbered right
of the contractor to transport and expeditiously dispose of such materials at a location designated by the owner.
5.1.10 Secure Storage Area, of a size adequate to accommodate the required vehicles, equipment, and materials for the period
of the contract.
5.1.11 Notice yoto Third Parties, (such as utilities and affected residents ) of the contractor’s intent to perform work in an area
where such parties may have rights to underground property or facilities. Request for maps or other descriptive information as to
the nature and location of such underground facilities or property and assurance of the contractor’s ability to enter upon any public
or private lands to which access is required for performance of the work under the contract.
5.1.12 Information Pertinent to the Site of the project including reports prepared under previously accomplished studies or
surveys and other data relative to the project, including maps, drawings, construction specifications sewer system records, and so
forth.
5.1.13 Authorization to perform work that must be performed during nighttime hours, on weekends, or on holidays.
5.1.14 Traffıc Control, as specified by the agency with jurisdiction over the roadway or by uniformed officers when the safety
of workers or the public requires such protection.
5.1.15 The contractor shall certify that backup equipment is available and can be delivered to the site within 48 h.
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F2304 − 10 (2016)
5.1.16 Submit work schedule to the owner’s representative for review and approval before commencement of the project.
5.1.17 Submit equipment operating procedures and systems to the owner’s representative for review and approval before
commencement of the project.
6. Chemical Grout (Chemical Sealing Materials)
6.1 The intent of this section is to define the properties that a chemical sealing material must have to perform effectively in the
intended application and under expected field conditions. The intended application is remotely sealing sewer pipe joints with a
sealing packer as specified in Section 12.
6.1.1 Generic chemical sealing materials currently in use along with the basic properties, performance standards, and mix ratios,
which are known to give acceptable performance, are listed in 6.2.
6.1.2 It is recognized that new and improved chemical sealing materials will become available from time to time. Sources,
manufacturers, and product names of chemical sealing materials will thus change from time to time and therefore specific sources,
manufacturers, and product names are not given.
6.1.3 In every case, mixing and handling of chemical sealing materials shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s or
suppliers recommendations or both.
6.2 General—All chemical-sealing materials used in the performance of the work specified must have the following
characteristics:
6.2.1 While being injected, the chemical sealant must be able to react/perform in the presence of water (groundwater).
6.2.2 The cured material must withstand submergence in water without degradation.
6.2.3 The resultant chemical grout formation must prevent the passage of water (infiltration) through the soil ring and sewer pipe
joint.
6.2.4 The sealant material, after curing, must be flexible as opposed to brittle.
6.2.5 The sealant formation must not be biodegradable.
6.2.6 The cured sealant should be chemically stable and resistant to the concentrations of acids, alkalis, and organics found in
normal wastewater and storm water.
6.2.7 Packaging of component materials must be compatible with field storage and handling requirements. Packaging must
provide for worker safety and minimize spillage during handling.
6.2.8 Measurement of the component materials being mixed must be compatible with field operations.
6.2.9 Field cleanup must be done without inordinate use of flammable or hazardous chemicals.
6.2.10 Residual sealing materials must be easily removable from the sewer to prevent reduction or blockage of the flow.
6.3 Chemical Sealing Materials—The following is a generic listing of chemical sealing materials currently in use and the basic
requirements, properties, and characteristics of each.
6.3.1 Acrylamide Base Gel Sealing Material:
6.3.1.1 A minimum of 10 % acrylamide base material by weight in total sealant mix. A higher concentration of acrylamide base
material may be used to increase strength or offset dilution during injection.
6.3.1.2 The ability to tolerate some dilution and react in moving water during injection.
6.3.1.3 A viscosity of approximately 2 centipoise, which can be increased with additives.
6.3.1.4 Maintains a constant viscosity during the reaction period.
6.3.1.5 A controllable reaction time from 10 s to 1 h.
6.3.1.6 A reaction (curing), which produces a homogeneous, chemically stable, nonbiodegradable, firm, flexible gel.
6.3.1.7 The ability to increase mix viscosity, density and gel strength by the use of additives.
6.3.2 Acrylic Base Gel Chemical Sealing Material:
6.3.2.1 A minimum of 10 % acrylic base material by weight in the total sealant mix. A higher concentration of acrylic base
material may be used to increase strength or offset dilution during injection.
6.3.2.2 The ability to tolerate some dilution and react in moving water during injection.
6.3.2.3 A viscosity of approximately 2 centipoise, which can be increased with additives.
6.3.2.4 A constant viscosity during the reaction period.
6.3.2.5 A controllable reaction time from 10 s to 1 h.
6.3.2.6 A reaction (curing), which produces a homogenous, chemically stable, nonbiodegradable, flexible gel.
6.3.2.7 The ability to increase mix viscosity, density, and gel strength by the use of additives.
6.
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