ASTM E2265-17

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Designation: E2265 − 09 E2265 − 17
Standard Terminology for
Anchors and Fasteners in Concrete and Masonry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2265; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology covers standard terminology for anchors and fasteners installed in structural members made of concrete
or masonry.
1.2 This terminology does not cover terms relating to the mechanical properties of the materials used for fabricating anchors,
nor does it cover their use.
1.3 The terms are listed alphabetically. Compound terms appear in the natural spoken order.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Terminology
adhesive anchor—anchor, n—anchor placed into a hole in the base material, and which derives its holding strength from a
chemical adhesive placed between the wall of the hole in the base material and the embedded portion of the anchor.
allowable load—load, n—capacity assigned to an anchor in accordance with allowable-stress design procedures.
anchor—anchor, n—cast-in-place or post-installed fastening device installed in the base material for the purpose of transferring
loads to the base material.
anchor loading: axial—axial, n—load applied concentrically with the anchor longitudinal axis.
anchor loading: bending—bending, n—flexure induced in the anchor by application of a shear load at a distance from the surface
of the base material.
anchor loading: combined—combined, n—axial and shear loading applied simultaneously (oblique loading).
anchor loading: shear—shear, n—load applied parallel to the surface of the base material and perpendicular to the anchor’s
longitudinal axis.
anchor spacing—spacing, n—distance between anchors measured centerline to centerline.
attachment—attachment, n—structural element (fixture) external to the surface of the base material, and which transmits loads
to the anchor.
base material—material, n—material in which anchor is installed, such as concrete or masonry.
bond failure—failure, n—failure mode characterized by loss of bond either between the anchor and adhesive or between the
adhesive and the base material.
breakout failure, n—anchor failure mode characterized by cone failure or edge failure.
cast-in-place anchor—anchor, n—anchor installed in formwork prior to placement of concrete.
characteristic value—value, n—the 5 % fractile (value with a 95 % probability of being exceeded, with a confidence of 90 %).
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.13 on Structural
Performance of Connections in Building Construction.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009Sept. 1, 2017. Published September 2009October 2017. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous approved in 20082009 as
E2265 – 08.E2265 – 09. DOI: 10.1520/E2265-09.10.1520/E2265-17.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2265 − 17
clamping force—force, n—compression force transmitted to the base material as a result of preload in the anchor.
closed crack, n—condition of a crack in an unloaded test member. See hairline crack.
concrete batch, n—a mixture of specific amounts of cement, fine and coarse aggregate, water, and when utilized, admixtures,
prepared and placed at a specific time and cured in a specific manner.
concrete breakout failure—confined tension test, n—anchor failure mode characterized by concrete cone failure or concrete
edge failure.test setup such that the reaction force is transferred into the base material in close proximity to the anchor to force
a specific type of failure mode.
connection—connection, n—attachment of load-bearing element to concrete or masonry base materials using anchors.
cracked concrete—concrete, n—for testing purposes, a test member having one or more cracks, each of which is approximately
uniform in width through the depth of the member.
DISCUSSION—
Only one crack is permitted in the area of influence of the test anchor.
critical edge distance—distance, n—minimum anchor edge distance, measured from the anchor centerline to the edge of the
structural member, at which the full anchor capacity can be obtained without concrete edge breakout failure or splitting failure.
critical spacing—spacing, n—minimum anchor spacing, measured centerline to centerline of the anchors, at which the full anchor
capacity can be obtained without influence from adjacent anchors.
cure time—time, n—the length of time required for a grouted anchor or an adhesive-bonded anchor to develop its specified
strength.
diamond core bit—bit, n—non-percussion drill bit, usually utilizing a hollow cylindrical pipe or tube with a diamond-
impregnated matrix at the end that is used to drill in the base material.
displacement—displacement, n—movement of anchor relative to the structural member.
DISCUSSION—
For tension tests, displacement is measured parallel to the anchor axis; for shear tests, displacement is measured perpendicular to the anchor axis.
displacement-controlled expansion anchor—anchor, n—a post-installed anchor that derives its holding strength by expansion
against the side of the drilled hole through movement of an internal plug in the sleeve or through movement of the sleeve over
an expansion element (plug). Once set, the anchor does not expand further under load.
drill—drill, n—electric-, hydraulic-, or air-powered tool for boring holes into the base material, using rotary action, often
supplemented by percussion or hammering.
drill bit—bit, n—solid-shaft, carbide-tipped bit, usually with spiral flutes, used to drill holes in the base material.
edge distance—distance, n—perpendicular distance from the centerline of the anchor to the edge of the structural member in
which anchor is installed.
effective embedment depth—depth, n—the overall depth through which the anchor transfers force to or from the surrounding
base material, measured from the surface: for adhesive-bonded anchors measured to the deepest point of the anchor; for
cast-in-place anchors measured to the upper surface of the direct bearing element; for undercut and sleeve anchors measured to
the bottom of the expansion mechanism; for expansion anchors measured to the farthest point of contact between the expansion
mechanism and surrounding material.
elongation—elongation, n—increase in length of the anchor under loading resulting from axial strain of the anchor material.
embedment depth—depth, n—distance measured from the surface of the base material to the farthest point of anchor, measured
prior to setting of anchor.the embedded end of the anchor. For torque-controlled expansion anchors, the measurement is
performed before torque is applied.
expansion anchor—anchor, n—post-installed anchor that derives its capacity predominately from frictional forces generated by
mechanical expansion of the anchor against sides of hole.
expansion sleeve—sleeve, n—outer part of expansion anchor, which is forced outward by its center part as a result of applied
torque or impact, to bear against the sides of the predrilled hole.
E2265 − 17
failure mode—mode, n—failure mechanism during load application to anchor.
fastener—fastener, n—see anchor.
fatigue test—test, n—test involving repeated loading cycles, usually in excess of 2 × 10 cycles.
fixture—fixture, n—see attachment.
flush installation—installation, n—anchor that is installed so that its top is flush with the surface of the structural member and
does not protrude beyond the surface.
follow-up expansion—expansion, n—movement of an expansion anchor during tension loading, whereby the expansion sleeve
remains stationary and further expands as the anchor body moves axially in response to the load applicati
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