ASTM E1190-21

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Designation: E1190 − 11 (Reapproved 2018) E1190 − 21
Standard Test Methods for
Strength of Power-Actuated Fasteners Installed in Structural
Members
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1190; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods describe procedures for determining the static axial tensile and shear strengths of power-actuated fasteners
installed in structural members made of concrete, concrete masonry, and steel.
1.2 These test methods are intended for use with fasteners that are installed perpendicular to a plane surface of the structural
member.
1.3 Tests for combined tension and shear, fatigue, dynamic, and torsional load resistance are not covered.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to
inch-pound units that after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 6.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E4 Practices for Force Calibration and Verification of Testing Machines
E575 Practice for Reporting Data from Structural Tests of Building Constructions, Elements, Connections, and Assemblies
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
E2265 Terminology for Anchors and Fasteners in Concrete and Masonry
2.2 ANSI Standard:
ANSI A10.3 Safety Requirements for Powder-Actuated Fastening Systems
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.13 on
Structural Performance of Connections in Building Construction.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2018Nov. 15, 2021. Published September 2018December 2021. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 20112018
as E1190–11. –11 (2018). DOI: 10.1520/E1190–11R18.10.1520/E1190-21.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
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3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of general terms may be found in Terminology E631.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 displacement—movement of a fastener relative to the structural member. In tensile tests, displacement is measured along the
axis of the fastener; in shear tests it is measured in the direction of the applied load perpendicular to the axis of the fastener.
3.2.2 drive pin—a nail-like metal fastener designed to attach one material to another.
3.2.3 edge distance, c—the distance from the longitudinal axis (center) of a fastener to the nearest edge of the structural member
in which it is installed.
3.2.4 embedment depth, h —the distance from the surface of the structural member to the installed end of the fastener including
ef
its point, if any.
3.2.5 fastener spacing, s—the distance between the longitudinal axes of two fasteners in the same plane. Also, distance between
longitudinal axis of fastener and nearest edge of test-system supports (see s in Fig. 1).
3.2.6 powder-actuated fastening system—a system that uses explosive powder to embed the fastener in structural elements.
3.2.7 power-actuated fastening system—a system that uses explosive powder, gas combustion, or compressed air or other gas to
embed the fastener in structural elements.
3.2.8 shear test—a test in which a force is applied perpendicularly to the axis of the fastener and parallel to the surface of the
structural member.
FIG. 1 Typical Static Tension Test Arrangement
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3.2.9 static load—a load or series of loads that are supported by or are applied to a structure so gradually that forces caused by
change in momentum of the load and structural elements are negligible and all parts of the system at any instant are essentially
in equilibrium.
3.2.10 structural member—an element of a structural system such as a beam, column, or truss.
3.2.11 tensile test—a test in which a fastener is loaded axially in tension at a specified rate.
3.2.12 threaded stud—a round metal-wire fastener, with a pointed shank at one end and threads along the other end, designed to
be used as a removable fastening or in conjunction with a threaded coupler.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 These test methods are intended to measure the anchoring capability and shear resistance of power-actuated fasteners to
provide information from which applicable design values are to be derived for use in structural applications, such as in members
of concrete, concrete masonry, and steel.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Equipment—Any system suitable for applying tensile and shear forces shall be used, provided the requirements for rate of
loading in 9.4 are met, and the instrumentation is capable of measuring the forces to an accuracy within 62 % of the applied force,
when calibrated in accordance with Practices E4. The device shall be of sufficient capacity to prevent yielding of its various
components and shall ensure that the applied tensile forces remain parallel to the axes of the fasteners and that the applied shear
forces remain parallel to the surface of the structural member during testing. Load cells shall be used for laboratory testing. If
pressure gages are used for field testing, they shall be calibrated immediately prior to use.
5.1.1 Tensile Test—A system suitable for applying tensile forces is shown in Fig. 1 for a single fastener specimen. The test system
supports shall be of sufficient size to prevent failure of the surrounding structural member. The loading rod shall be of a size to
develop the ultimate strength of the fastener hardware with minimal elongation and shall be attached to the fastener by means of
a connector that will minimize the direct transfer of bending forces through the connection. When displacements are measured,
dial gages or a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) shall be mounted in a manner so as to ensure accurate displacement
measurement.
5.1.2 Shear Test:
5.1.2.1 A system suitable for applying shear forces is shown in Fig. 2. for a single fastener specimen. The components of the test
fixture shall be of sufficient size and strength to prevent yielding during application of the ultimate test load. The test system
support shall be of sufficient size to prevent local failure of the structural member in the bearing contact area. When displacements
are measured, dial gages or a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) an LVDT shall be mounted in a manner so as to ensure
accurate displacement measurement.
5.1.2.2 The thickness of the shear fixture in the immediate vicinity of the test fastener shall be approximately equal to the fastener
shank diameter at the point of intersection of the fastener and the base material unless otherwise specified. The hole in the shear
fixture designed to accommodate the fastener shall have a diameter that is 0.5 6 0.1 mm (0.020 6 0.004 in.)0.5 mm 6 0.1 mm
(0.020 in. 6 0.004 in.) greater than that of the fastener shank diameter tested. Alternatively, a shear fixture using a slot to
accommodate the fastener instead of a round hole shall be permitted. The loading end of the slot shall have a width that is
0.5 6 0.1 mm (0.020 6 0.004 in.)0.5 mm 6 0.1 mm (0.020 in. 6 0.004 in.) greater than that of the fastener shank diameter tested.
The non-loading end of the slot is permitted to be larger than the fastener head or thread diameter. The initial shape of the hole
or the loading end of the slot in the shear fixture shall correspond to that of the fastener shank cross section and shall be maintained
throughout all tests. For shear fixtures using a slot to accommodate the fastener instead of a hole, loading is to be applied parallel
to the slot. Worn or deformed holes or slots shall be repaired. When required, insert sleeves shall be installed in the shear plate
to meet these requirements, provided they do not increase deformation of the anchorage under load.
5.2 Optional Displacement Measurements—Displacement or deformation measurements are not required to derive design data for
a given fastening system.
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FIG. 2 Typical Static Shear Test Arrangement
5.2.1 Tension Test (see Fig. 1)—Dial gages, having a smallest division of not more than 0.025 mm (0.001 in.), or any suitable
measurement devices or calibrated sensors of at least comparable accuracy and sensitivity, such as an LVDT, shall be used to
measure displacement of the fastening system relative to the structural member. The instruments shall be positioned to measure
the vertical movement of the fastener with respect to points on the structural member, at a minimum distance of 40 mm (1.6 in.)
from the center of the test fastener. The instruments shall be mounted on the fastener specimen or loading rod at a distance not
more than 100 mm (4.0 in.) from the structural member surface, in order to minimize extraneous movements (hardware elongation)
in the displacement measurements.
5.2.2 Tests of a Group of Fasteners—Only one set of instruments is required for a group of fasteners tested as a closely spaced
cluster. The displacement to be used for the evaluation of the findings is the average deformation indicated by all instruments
mounted symmetrically equidistant from the center of the cluster.
5.2.3 Shear Test Test (see Fig. 2)—A single dial gage, having a smallest division of not more than 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) or any
suitable measurement device, such as an LVDT, or calibrated sensor of at least comparable accuracy and sensitivity shall be used
to measure the displacement of the fastening system relative to the structural member. The instrument shall be positioned to
measure displacement in the direction of the applied force. The displacement sensor shall be placed on the structural member to
allow the sensing element to be in direct contact with the fastener or be attached directly to the fastener. For tests on clusters of
fasteners, the instrument shall lie in a plane through the axis of the shear loading rod or plate. An extension of the axis of the shear
fixture shall pass through the centroid of the cluster of fasteners.
6. Hazards
6.1 Take precaution to ensure that people are not injured and that test equipment, instrumentation, and the building, its
components, and its finish are not damaged prior to, during, or after load application, by any unexpected release of potential strain
energy accumulated during testing.
6.2 All operators of powder-actuated tools used for the installation of test specimens shall be licensed by the manufacturer.
Operators shall comply with ANSI A10.3 requirements and local safety requirements.
7. Test Specimens
7.1 Fastening System—The fastening system shall be representative of the type and lot to be used in field construction and shall
include all accessory hardware normally required.
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7.2 Fastener Installation—The fasteners shall be installed using the manufacturer’s installation instructions and tools or,tools, or
where a specific deviation is justified, in accordance with accepted field methods or to meet the requirements of the tests.test.
Fasteners shall be installed to the desired embedment within a tolerance of 610 % or 0.08 in. (2 mm), whichever is smaller. The
average of the measured embedment of all tested fasteners shall reflect the desired embedment. Pretest installations may be
performed prior to a test sequence to adjust the tool energy to achieve the desired embedment.
7.3 Fastener Placement—All fasteners (types, sizes, embedment depths) to be used in a given installation shall either be tested
individually or in groups of two or more at the intended spacing. Fasteners shall be installed at distances equal to or greater than
those specified in Table 1 to preclude influences from adjacent fasteners or edges during testing. These distances are not to be
considered minimum distances. Tests shall be performed to determine minimum spacing and edge distances.
7.4 Structural Member—The structural member in which the fasten
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