91/271/EEC - Urban waste-water treatment
Council Directive 91/271/EEC addresses the collection, treatment, and discharge of urban waste water and certain industrial waste waters to protect the environment from harmful effects. It mandates Member States to provide collecting systems for urban waste water in agglomerations of over 2,000 population equivalents (p.e.), with deadlines varying by size and sensitivity of the area. Secondary treatment is required for discharges from agglomerations exceeding 15,000 p.e., while sensitive areas require more stringent treatment. Industrial waste water discharges must comply with prior regulations or authorizations, and sludge disposal from treatment plants should be strictly controlled and phased out in surface waters by 1998 to prevent pollution. Member States must monitor treatment plants, discharges, and sludge disposal to ensure compliance and protect water quality. Sensitive and less sensitive areas are regularly identified and reviewed to adjust treatment requirements accordingly. National implementation programmes and biannual public reports on waste water and sludge disposal are required to ensure transparency and effective enforcement. The Directive also encourages sludge recycling and requires cooperation between Member States when discharges affect cross-border waters.
Purpose
Council Directive 91/271/EEC aims to protect the environment from the adverse effects caused by urban waste water discharges. It establishes EU-wide standards for the collection, treatment, and discharge of urban waste water as well as waste water from certain industrial sectors. The directive seeks to prevent pollution resulting from insufficient waste water treatment, thereby safeguarding water quality in receiving waters such as rivers, estuaries, coastal waters, and sensitive areas prone to eutrophication.
Key Obligations
Collection Systems: Member States must ensure that all urban agglomerations have adequate collecting systems to convey urban waste water to treatment plants or discharge points.
- By 31 December 2000 for agglomerations over 15,000 population equivalent (p.e.)
- By 31 December 2005 for agglomerations between 2,000 and 15,000 p.e.
- For sensitive areas (identified under strict criteria), collecting systems must be in place by 31 December 1998 for agglomerations over 10,000 p.e.
- Alternative individual systems may be used where centralized collection is not environmentally or economically justified.
Waste Water Treatment:
- Secondary treatment or equivalent must be applied to urban waste water discharges from:
- Agglomerations over 15,000 p.e. by 31 December 2000
- Agglomerations between 10,000 and 15,000 p.e. by 31 December 2005
- Discharges to fresh-water and estuaries from agglomerations between 2,000 and 10,000 p.e. by 31 December 2005
- In sensitive areas, more stringent treatment is required by 31 December 1998 for discharges from agglomerations over 10,000 p.e.
- Primary treatment may suffice for less sensitive areas for certain agglomerations, subject to environmental studies.
- Secondary treatment or equivalent must be applied to urban waste water discharges from:
Industrial Waste Water:
- Discharge of industrial waste water into urban collecting systems must be regulated via prior authorization or regulations.
- Biodegradable industrial waste water from specified industrial sectors not entering collecting systems must meet defined conditions, especially if plants represent 4,000 p.e. load or more.
Sludge Management:
- Sludge arising from waste water treatment must be reused where appropriate.
- Disposal of sludge to surface waters (e.g., by dumping from ships) must be phased out by 31 December 1998.
- Monitoring of toxic, persistent, or bioaccumulative substances in sludge disposed to surface waters is required.
Monitoring and Reporting:
- Member States must monitor discharges from treatment plants, receiving waters, and sludge disposal to ensure compliance with the directive.
- Situation reports on the disposal of urban waste water and sludge must be published every two years and submitted to the European Commission.
Cross-Border Pollution:
- Where pollution from urban waste water affects waters in another Member State, consultation involving the Commission must occur to resolve the issue.
Flexibility and Exceptions:
- Extensions for compliance with secondary treatment deadlines can be requested for technical reasons but cannot extend beyond 31 December 2005.
- In exceptional cases, less stringent treatment may be allowed if no environmental benefit would result from stricter measures.
Affected Products and Actors
- Urban Waste Water: Defined as domestic waste water or mixtures with industrial waste water and/or rainwater run-off.
- Population Equivalents (p.e.): Measurement unit based on organic biodegradable load (BOD5 of 60g oxygen/day).
- Actors:
- Public authorities responsible for waste water collection and treatment infrastructure.
- Industrial operators discharging waste water into collecting systems or directly into natural waters.
- Competent authorities responsible for issuing authorizations, monitoring, and enforcement.
Implementation Timeline
By 31 December 1993:
- Identification of sensitive and less sensitive areas.
- Regulation or authorization of industrial waste water discharges into collecting systems.
- Establishment of national implementation programmes.
By 31 December 1998:
- Collection systems in sensitive areas for agglomerations over 10,000 p.e.
- More stringent treatment for urban waste water discharges into sensitive areas.
- Regulation or authorization of sludge disposal with elimination of sludge dumping into surface waters.
By 31 December 2000:
- Collection systems for agglomerations over 15,000 p.e.
- Secondary treatment for discharges from agglomerations over 15,000 p.e.
- Regulations for discharges from larger industrial plants.
By 31 December 2005:
- Collection systems for agglomerations between 2,000 and 15,000 p.e.
- Secondary treatment for smaller agglomerations discharging to fresh water or estuaries.
- Appropriate treatment for discharges from smaller agglomerations to coastal waters.
- End of possible extended deadlines for technical delays.
Member States must update the Commission on progress every two years and review area classifications at least every four years.
The directive applies to the collection, treatment, and discharge of urban waste water and to the treatment and discharge of waste water from certain industrial sectors. It covers domestic waste water, a mixture of domestic with industrial waste water and/or runoff rain water, originating mainly from residential settlements and household activities. It concerns urban agglomerations where population and/or economic activities are concentrated sufficiently to allow collection and treatment of waste water. The directive sets obligations for the establishment of collecting systems and treatment plants to ensure urban waste water receives primary, secondary, or more stringent treatment depending on the sensitivity of the receiving waters, including fresh water, estuaries, and coastal waters. It also applies to biodegradable industrial waste water discharged from specific industrial sectors, as well as the disposal and recycling of sludge from urban waste water treatment plants. Monitoring and regulation of industrial waste water entering urban collecting systems are included, with provisions for authorization and environmental protection.
Die Richtlinie 91/271/EWG regelt die Sammlung, Behandlung und Einleitung von kommunalem Abwasser sowie die Behandlung bestimmter Industrieabwässer, um die Umwelt vor schädlichen Einflüssen zu schützen. Mitgliedstaaten müssen bis festgelegter Frist Gemeinden ab bestimmten Einwohnerwerten mit Kanalisationen ausstatten und sicherstellen, dass Abwasser eine angemessene Behandlung durchläuft, wobei empfindliche Gebiete höhere Anforderungen erfüllen müssen. Die Richtlinie verlangt die Überwachung von Abwasseranlagen, die Regulierung industrieller Einleitungen sowie die Förderung der Wiederverwendung und umweltverträglichen Entsorgung von Klärschlamm. Die Mitgliedstaaten sind verpflichtet, nationale Umsetzungsprogramme zu erstellen, die Einhaltung der Vorschriften regelmäßig zu prüfen und der Öffentlichkeit Transparenz durch Berichte zu gewährleisten. Zudem sollen grenzüberschreitende Auswirkungen von Abwassereinleitungen koordiniert behandelt werden. Die Richtlinie sieht Ausnahmeregelungen für technische Schwierigkeiten vor, wobei technische Fortschritte in den Anforderungen berücksichtigt werden. Ziel ist die Verbesserung der Gewässerqualität in der EU durch verbindliche Mindestanforderungen an die Abwasserbehandlung.
Zweck
Die Richtlinie 91/271/EWG hat zum Ziel, die Umwelt vor den schädlichen Auswirkungen der Einleitung von kommunalem Abwasser und bestimmtem Industrieabwasser in Gewässer zu schützen. Dies erfolgt durch die verbindliche Festlegung von Anforderungen an Sammlung, Behandlung und Einleitung von Abwasser sowie an die Entsorgung von Klärschlamm. Die Richtlinie erkennt an, dass Gewässerverschmutzungen grenzüberschreitende Auswirkungen haben können, weshalb gemeinsame EU-weite Maßnahmen erforderlich sind.
Wesentliche Verpflichtungen
Kanalisation: Gemeinden müssen je nach Größe bis zu festgelegten Terminen mit einer Kanalisation ausgestattet sein (z.B. bis 31.12.2000 für > 15.000 Einwohnerwerte). Alternativ sind individuelle oder andere geeignete Systeme zulässig, wenn Kanalisationen unverhältnismäßig sind.
Abwasserbehandlung: Kommunales Abwasser ist bis zu bestimmten Fristen biologisch („Zweitbehandlung“) oder zumindest physikalisch/chemisch („Erstbehandlung“) zu behandeln, je nach Einwohnergröße und Empfindlichkeit des Einleitgewässers. Strengere Anforderungen gelten für „empfindliche Gebiete“ (z.B. eutrophierende Gewässer).
Empfindliche und weniger empfindliche Gebiete: Mitgliedstaaten müssen empfindliche Gebiete bis 31.12.1993 ausweisen, in denen verschärfte Reinigungsanforderungen gelten. Weniger empfindliche Gebiete können eine geringere Behandlung erhalten, wenn Umweltstudien jeweils unbedenklich sind.
Klärschlamm: Die Wiederverwendung und umweltgerechte Entsorgung von Klärschlamm ist zu fördern. Das Einbringen von Klärschlamm in Oberflächengewässer ist stufenweise einzustellen. Bis 31.12.1998 sind Regelungen oder Genehmigungen für Klärschlammeinleitungen verbindlich.
Industrieabwasser: Biologisch abbaubares Industrieabwasser aus bestimmten Branchen unterliegt vor Einleitung in Gewässer Auflagen, wenn es nicht durch kommunale Kläranlagen behandelt wird.
Überwachung und Berichterstattung: Die Mitgliedstaaten müssen die Einhaltung der Anforderungen überwachen, Gewässerkontrollen durchführen und alle zwei Jahre Berichte an die Kommission übermitteln. Die Öffentlichkeit ist über die Abwasserentsorgung zu informieren.
Ausnahmen und Anpassungen: Verlängerungen der Fristen sind in Ausnahmefällen bei technischen Schwierigkeiten zulässig, aber spätestens bis 31.12.2005. Fortschritte der Technik können zu Anpassungen der Anforderungen führen.
Zusammenarbeit: Bei grenzüberschreitender Gewässerverunreinigung sind die betreffenden Mitgliedstaaten verpflichtet, in Abstimmung mit der Kommission zu handeln, um die Richtlinienvorgaben zu erfüllen.
Betroffene Produkte und Akteure
Kommunales Abwasser: Umfasst häusliches Abwasser sowie Gemische aus häuslichem, industriellem Abwasser und Niederschlagswasser aus Gemeinden.
Industrieabwasser: Besonders biologisch abbaubares Abwasser aus bestimmten Industriebranchen, das nicht über kommunale Kläranlagen gereinigt wird.
Klärschlamm: Schlamm aus kommunalen Abwasserbehandlungsanlagen, dessen Entsorgung und Wiederverwertung geregelt ist.
Akteure: Kommunen, Betreiber von Kanalisation und Kläranlagen, Industrieunternehmen mit Einleitungen, zuständige Behörden für Genehmigungen und Überwachung, sowie die Öffentlichkeit als Informationsadressat.
Umsetzungsfristen
31. Dezember 1993: Ausweisung empfindlicher Gebiete; Aufstellung nationaler Vollzugsprogramme; Einführung von Regelungen für Einleitung von Industrieabwasser und Beginn der öffentlich-rechtlichen Kontrolle.
31. Dezember 1998: Vorgeschriebene Behandlung für kommunales Abwasser aus Gemeinden > 10.000 EW in empfindlichen Gebieten; Einführung von Regelungen für Klärschlammentsorgung und Einleitungseinstellungen in Oberflächengewässer.
31. Dezember 2000: Fertigstellung der Kanalisation für Gemeinden > 15.000 EW; Behandlungspflicht für entsprechendes kommunales Abwasser; Anforderungen an biologisch abbaubares Industrieabwasser.
31. Dezember 2005: Fertigstellung der Kanalisation und Behandlungspflicht für kleinere Gemeinden (2.000 bis 15.000 EW); vollständige Einhaltung der Richtlinie in allen Gemeinden; maximale Fristverlängerung bei technischen Ausnahmen.
Seit 1993 und fortlaufend: Regelmäßige Überprüfung der Ausweisung empfindlicher Gebiete; Berichterstattung an die EU-Kommission alle zwei Jahre; Aktualisierung der Anforderungen entsprechend technischem Fortschritt.
Diese Fristen reflektieren eine stufenweise Einführung von Umweltschutzmaßnahmen bei der kommunalen Abwasserbehandlung und tragen dazu bei, die Gewässerqualität in der Europäischen Union nachhaltig zu verbessern.
Die Richtlinie 91/271/EWG gilt für das Sammeln, Behandeln und Einleiten von kommunalem Abwasser sowie für das Behandeln und Einleiten von Abwasser bestimmter Industriebranchen. Sie umfasst häusliches Abwasser, Gemische aus häuslichem und industriellem Abwasser sowie Niederschlagswasser, das in Gemeinden anfällt. Die Richtlinie richtet sich an Gemeinden unterschiedlicher Größe, je nach Einwohnerwerten und legt Anforderungen an Kanalisationen und Kläranlagen fest. Dabei wird auch die Behandlung von Industrieabwasser aus bestimmten Branchen geregelt, vor allem wenn dieses Abwasser nicht in kommunalen Anlagen behandelt wird. Zudem umfasst sie die Überwachung der Abwasserbehandlungsanlagen, die Regelungen zur Wiederverwendung von gereinigtem Abwasser sowie die Verwertung und Entsorgung von Klärschlamm. Ziel ist der Schutz der Umwelt vor schädlichen Auswirkungen vor allem durch Gewässerverschmutzung.
La directive 91/271/CEE vise à protéger l'environnement contre la pollution due aux eaux urbaines résiduaires en établissant des normes pour leur collecte, traitement et rejet. Elle impose aux États membres de doter toutes les agglomérations d'un système de collecte des eaux résiduaires, avec des échéances variant selon la taille de la population en équivalent habitant (EH) et la sensibilité des zones réceptrices. Un traitement secondaire est requis avant rejet, avec des exigences renforcées pour les zones sensibles, tandis que dans certaines zones moins sensibles, un traitement primaire peut suffire. La directive encadre également les rejets d’eaux industrielles biodégradables, la gestion des boues issues du traitement, et la surveillance des stations d’épuration pour garantir la conformité aux normes. Elle prévoit des mesures spécifiques en cas de pollution transfrontalière et encourage la réutilisation des eaux traitées. Enfin, elle instaure des programmes nationaux de mise en œuvre et un comité d’assistance pour suivre les progrès techniques et l’application des dispositions, avec une information publique régulière sur les rejets et la qualité de l’eau.
Objet
La directive 91/271/CEE vise à protéger l’environnement contre la pollution causée par les eaux urbaines résiduaires. Elle réglemente la collecte, le traitement et le rejet des eaux usées urbaines ainsi que le traitement et le rejet des eaux usées provenant de certains secteurs industriels. L’objectif principal est d’éviter la dégradation des eaux réceptrices, notamment par le traitement secondaire ou plus rigoureux des eaux usées selon les zones géographiques et la taille des agglomérations.
Obligations principales
Collecte des eaux urbaines résiduaires
- Toutes les agglomérations doivent être équipées de systèmes de collecte adaptés.
- Délai au 31 décembre 2000 pour agglomérations > 15 000 équivalents habitants (EH).
- Délai au 31 décembre 2005 pour agglomérations entre 2 000 et 15 000 EH.
- Pour zones sensibles, collecte obligatoire au plus tard le 31 décembre 1998 pour agglomérations > 10 000 EH.
Traitement des eaux urbaines résiduaires
- Traitement secondaire obligatoire avant rejet pour :
- Agglomérations > 15 000 EH dès 31 décembre 2000.
- Agglomérations entre 10 000 et 15 000 EH dès 31 décembre 2005.
- Agglomérations entre 2 000 et 10 000 EH dans les eaux douces et estuaires dès 31 décembre 2005.
- Traitement plus rigoureux requis dans les zones sensibles d’ici le 31 décembre 1998.
- Possible traitement secondaire allégé dans les zones moins sensibles ou régions de haute montagne sous conditions.
- Traitement approprié (défini par la directive) obligatoire dans les petites agglomérations au plus tard fin 2005.
- Traitement secondaire obligatoire avant rejet pour :
Gestion des eaux industrielles usées
- Réglementations et autorisations spécifiques exigées pour le rejet d’eaux industrielles dans les systèmes de collecte dès 31 décembre 1993.
- Eaux usées biodégradables de certains secteurs industriels non traitées en station doivent respecter des normes à compter du 31 décembre 2000.
- La Commission compare les prescriptions nationales et peut proposer des harmonisations.
Traitement et gestion des boues
- Encouragement à la réutilisation des boues.
- Rejet des boues dans les eaux de surface interdit à partir du 31 décembre 1998.
- Surveillance des contenus toxiques et réduction progressive des substances nocives dans les boues rejetées jusque-là.
Surveillance et information
- Surveillance obligatoire des performances des stations d’épuration, des rejets et de la qualité des eaux réceptrices.
- Rapports périodiques et information du public.
- Coordination entre États membres en cas d’atteinte transfrontalière à la qualité des eaux.
Flexibilité et dérogations
- Délai supplémentaire possible, sur demande motivée, pour difficultés techniques jusqu’à fin 2005.
- Possibilité de traitement allégé dans des circonstances exceptionnelles si démontré non nuisible à l’environnement.
Produits et acteurs concernés
Produits et flux concernés:
- Eaux urbaines résiduaires (eaux ménagères, eaux industrielles usées mélangées, eaux de ruissellement).
- Eaux industrielles usées biodégradables de certains secteurs listés à l’annexe III.
- Boues issues du traitement des eaux urbaines résiduaires.
Acteurs concernés:
- Autorités publiques responsables des infrastructures de collecte et de traitement des eaux usées.
- Exploitants de stations d’épuration des eaux urbaines.
- Industries produisant des eaux usées spécifiques relevant d’une réglementation ou autorisation.
- Autorités compétentes chargées de la surveillance, délivrance des autorisations et de la mise en œuvre des programmes.
Calendrier de mise en œuvre
31 décembre 1993
- Identification des zones sensibles et, facultativement, des zones moins sensibles.
- Mise en place des réglementations concernant les eaux industrielles usées dans les collecteurs.
31 décembre 1998
- Installations des systèmes de collecte dans les zones sensibles (> 10 000 EH).
- Traitement plus rigoureux pour rejets en zones sensibles (> 10 000 EH).
- Interdiction du rejet de boues dans les eaux de surface.
- Mise en place de règles de gestion et d’autorisations concernant les boues.
31 décembre 2000
- Collecte obligatoire pour agglomérations > 15 000 EH.
- Traitement secondaire obligatoire pour agglomérations > 15 000 EH.
- Respect des prescriptions pour les eaux industrielles usées biodégradables de certains secteurs.
31 décembre 2005
- Collecte obligatoire pour agglomérations entre 2 000 et 15 000 EH.
- Traitement secondaire obligatoire pour agglomérations entre 10 000 et 15 000 EH, et entre 2 000 et 10 000 EH dans eaux douces et estuaires.
- Traitement approprié dans petites agglomérations (moins de 2 000 EH dans eaux douces/estuaires et moins de 10 000 EH en eaux côtières).
Révisions périodiques
- Révision au moins tous les 4 ans de la liste des zones sensibles et des zones moins sensibles, avec adaptation des mesures selon l’évolution.
Cette directive constitue un cadre européen fondamental pour la gestion intégrée des eaux usées urbaines, visant à réduire significativement la pollution des eaux communautaires, protéger les écosystèmes aquatiques et promouvoir une utilisation durable des ressources en eau.
La directive 91/271/CEE s'applique à la collecte, au traitement et au rejet des eaux urbaines résiduaires ainsi qu'au traitement et au rejet des eaux usées provenant de certains secteurs industriels. Elle couvre les eaux ménagères usées, les eaux industrielles usées qui pénètrent dans les systèmes de collecte, ainsi que les rejets d’eaux industrielles biodégradables provenant de secteurs industriels spécifiques qui ne sont pas traitées dans les stations d'épuration urbaines avant rejet dans les eaux réceptrices. La directive vise les agglomérations selon leur taille exprimée en équivalents habitants (EH) et impose des exigences de traitement primaire, secondaire ou plus rigoureux selon la sensibilité des zones réceptrices, notamment pour les zones sensibles et moins sensibles. Elle concerne aussi le traitement, la gestion et le contrôle des boues issues des stations d’épuration et les rejets dans divers milieux aquatiques (eaux douces, estuaires, eaux côtières).
Direktiva 91/271/EGS ureja zbiranje, čiščenje in odvajanje komunalne odpadne vode ter odpadne vode iz določenih industrijskih sektorjev z namenom varstva okolja pred škodljivimi vplivi takega odvajanja. Države članice morajo zagotoviti zgraditev kanalizacijskih sistemov in uvedbo sekundarnega čiščenja za aglomeracije glede na njihovo velikost in občutljivost sprejemnih voda, pri čemer so določeni roki za izgradnjo ter strožje zahteve za občutljiva območja. Uvedena so pravila za čiščenje tehnološke odpadne vode iz industrije in za ravnanje s čistilnim blatom, vključno z ukinitvijo odlaganja blata v površinske vode. Direktiva določa tudi obveznosti spremljanja kakovosti izpustov ter obveščanja javnosti preko rednih poročil. Države članice morajo pripraviti nacionalne programe in redno poročati Komisiji o izvajanju direktive. Namen direktive je zmanjšati onesnaževanje voda zaradi nezadostno obdelane komunalne in industrijske odpadne vode ter zaščititi vodno okolje na evropski ravni.
Namen
Direktiva 91/271/EGS ureja zbiranje, čiščenje in odvajanje komunalne odpadne vode ter posebnih industrijskih odpadnih voda z namenom zaščite okolja pred škodljivimi vplivi odvajanja nezadostno obdelane odpadne vode. Cilj je preprečiti onesnaženje voda in posledično poslabšanje kakovosti vode, s posebnim poudarkom na občutljivih območjih, kot so estuariji, obalne vode, visokogorska območja in druga naravno občutljiva območja.
Ključne obveznosti
- Zagotavljanje kanalizacijskih sistemov: Države članice morajo zagotoviti ustrezne kanalizacijske sisteme za aglomeracije, ki presegajo določeno število populacijskih ekvivalentov (PE); do 31. 12. 2000 za PE nad 15.000 in do 31. 12. 2005 za PE med 2.000 in 15.000. V občutljivih območjih je treba to storiti do 31. 12. 1998 za aglomeracije nad 10.000 PE.
- Čiščenje odpadnih voda: Odpadna voda morajo prestati sekundarno (biološko) čiščenje ali primerljiv proces pred izpustom, s strogimi zahtevami posebej za občutljiva območja. Za manj občutljiva območja so dovolj minimalni postopki (primarno čiščenje), če to okolje dopušča.
- Uprava z industrijsko odpadno vodo: Pri določenih industrijskih sektorjih je potrebno preveriti in urediti odvajanje biološko razgradljive tehnološke odpadne vode, ki ne prehaja skozi komunalne čistilne naprave.
- Odvajanje in ravnanje z blatom: Blato, pridobljeno pri čiščenju komunalne odpadne vode, se mora po možnosti reciklirati; odlaganje v površinske vode je treba postopoma ukiniti do 31. 12. 1998.
- Spremljanje in nadzor: Države članice morajo vzpostaviti sistem spremljanja kakovosti izpustov, kakovosti sprejemnih voda in odlaganja blata, s predložitvijo rednih poročil javnosti ter Komisiji.
- Občutljiva in manj občutljiva območja: Države članice morajo določiti občutljiva območja do konca leta 1993, izvajati strožje ukrepe čiščenja v teh območjih, preglede vsaki štiri leta ter uvajati ukrepe za manj občutljiva območja.
- Meddržavna sodelovanja: V primeru onesnaževanja voda države članice sodelujejo za uskladitev ukrepov glede izpustov in zaščite voda.
Vplivani proizvodi in akterji
- Javne službe vodovoda in kanalizacije: Odgovorne za vzpostavitev, vzdrževanje in upravljanje kanalizacijskih sistemov in čistilnih naprav v aglomeracijah določenih velikosti.
- Industrijski sektorji: Industrijska podjetja, ki proizvajajo tehnološko odpadno vodo in jo izpuščajo bodisi neposredno bodisi preko komunalnih čistilnih naprav, morajo skladno z direktivo urediti upravljanje svojih izpustov.
- Okoljski organi in pristojne oblasti: Nadzorujejo izvajanje zakonodaje, podeljujejo dovoljenja za odvajanje tehnologijske odpadne vode in čistijo odpadke ter spremljajo stanje odvajanja in vplive na okolje.
- Države članice: Zavezuje jih priprava in izvedba nacionalnih programov za čiščenje odpadnih voda, spremljanje, poročanje in vzpostavitev zakonodajnih okvirov za izvedbo direktive.
- Javna skupnost: Ima pravico do rednih informacij o stanju okoljskega varstva glede odvajanja komunalne odpadne vode in upravljanja z blatom.
Časovni okvir izvajanja
- Do 30. junija 1993: Države članice morajo sprejeti potrebne predpise za uskladitev z direktivo in predložiti nacionalne programe Komisiji.
- Do 31. decembra 1993: Določitev občutljivih območij in ureditev odvajanja tehnološke odpadne vode z dovoljenji.
- Do 31. decembra 1998: Izgradnja kanalizacijskih sistemov in izvajanje sekundarnega čiščenja na občutljivih območjih za aglomeracije nad 10.000 PE; ureditev odlaganja blata z dovoljenji; ukinitev odlaganja blata v površinske vode.
- Do 31. decembra 2000: Kanalizacijski sistemi in sekundarno čiščenje za aglomeracije nad 15.000 PE.
- Do 31. decembra 2002: Izvajanje primernih postopkov čiščenja za aglomeracije manjše od 2.000 PE, če izliva odpadno vodo v sladke vode in estuarije, ter za aglomeracije do 10.000 PE, če izliva v obalne vode.
- Do 31. decembra 2005: Kanalizacijski sistemi in sekundarno čiščenje za aglomeracije med 2.000 in 15.000 PE; izvedba možnih podaljškov v izjemnih primerih glede na tehnične težave.
- Vsaka štiri leta: Načrtovani pregledi in po potrebi posodobitev seznama občutljivih območij in nadzora.
Direktiva dopušča prilagoditve zahtev glede na lokalne pogoje in tehnološki napredek, pri čemer se zahteve lahko spreminjajo po določenih upravnih postopkih. Posebni odbor spremlja izvajanje in daje strokovne nasvete Komisiji.
Direktiva 91/271/EGS ureja zbiranje, čiščenje in odvajanje komunalne odpadne vode ter čiščenje in odvajanje odpadne vode iz določenih industrijskih sektorjev z namenom varstva okolja pred škodljivimi vplivi odvajanja te vode. Nanaša se na odpadno vodo iz gospodinjstev, ki vključuje tudi mešanico s tehnološko in padavinsko vodo, ter na tehnološko odpadno vodo iz gospodarskih ali industrijskih objektov. Direktiva obsega obveznosti zagotoviti ustrezne kanalizacijske sisteme in čistilne naprave za aglomeracije različnih velikosti, z določenimi roki za uvedbo primarnega ali sekundarnega čiščenja glede na občutljivost območja sprejemnih voda, vključno s sladkovodnimi, estuarijskimi in obalnimi viri. Prav tako ureja obdelavo blata iz teh čistilnih naprav, odvajanje industrijske tehnološke vode in zahteve za monitoring izpustov ter obveščanje javnosti. Velja za sektorje, ki s svojimi izpusti lahko vplivajo na stanje voda in okolja v EU.
General Information
This document specifies general requirements, performance requirements and conformity test procedures for automatic sampling devices (samplers) for water and waste water that:
— sample water and waste water from non-pressurized (i.e. open to atmosphere) channels or vessels;
— sample over extended periods to collect discrete or composite samples based on time, event or flow proportional sampling.
It does not include sampling systems built into online and in-line analysers.
The general requirements include functional facilities that samplers need to meet users’ applications and information that needs to be included in associated documents.
The test procedures specify uniform methods to be used when determining key performance characteristics of samplers at one or more set sample volume. It is for the sampler manufacturer and/or user to decide on the required set sample volume(s). All of the test procedures are to be carried out under laboratory conditions. It is recognized that for some samplers, certain test procedures are not applicable.
Statistical procedures are specified for evaluation of the test data. Some example calculations are provided.
Specific sample integrity requirements are specified for samplers to be used for the collection of samples of final effluent or influent for the purpose of monitoring the performance of urban waste water treatment works. Samplers to be used for other industrial applications do not need to be assessed against these specific sample integrity requirements.
This document does not cover the installation and on-going use of samplers.
- Standard49 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies general requirements, performance requirements and conformity test procedures for automatic sampling devices (samplers) for water and waste water that:
— sample water and waste water from non-pressurized (i.e. open to atmosphere) channels or vessels;
— sample over extended periods to collect discrete or composite samples based on time, event or flow proportional sampling.
It does not include sampling systems built into online and in-line analysers.
The general requirements include functional facilities that samplers need to meet users’ applications and information that needs to be included in associated documents.
The test procedures specify uniform methods to be used when determining key performance characteristics of samplers at one or more set sample volume. It is for the sampler manufacturer and/or user to decide on the required set sample volume(s). All of the test procedures are to be carried out under laboratory conditions. It is recognized that for some samplers, certain test procedures are not applicable.
Statistical procedures are specified for evaluation of the test data. Some example calculations are provided.
Specific sample integrity requirements are specified for samplers to be used for the collection of samples of final effluent or influent for the purpose of monitoring the performance of urban waste water treatment works. Samplers to be used for other industrial applications do not need to be assessed against these specific sample integrity requirements.
This document does not cover the installation and on-going use of samplers.
- Standard49 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the objectives for drain and sewer systems outside buildings. It specifies the functional requirements for achieving these objectives and the principles for strategic and policy activities relating to planning, design, installation, operation, maintenance and rehabilitation.
It is applicable to drain and sewer systems from the point where wastewater leaves a building, roof drainage system, or paved area, to the point where it is discharged into a wastewater treatment plant or receiving water body.
Drains and sewers below buildings are included provided that they do not form part of the drainage system for the building.
- Standard90 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the objectives for drain and sewer systems outside buildings. It specifies the functional requirements for achieving these objectives and the principles for strategic and policy activities relating to planning, design, installation, operation, maintenance and rehabilitation.
It is applicable to drain and sewer systems from the point where wastewater leaves a building, roof drainage system, or paved area, to the point where it is discharged into a wastewater treatment plant or receiving water body.
Drains and sewers below buildings are included provided that they do not form part of the drainage system for the building.
- Standard90 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This guidance standard specifies equipment and procedures for collecting floating pupal exuviae of Chironomidae from aquatic habitats; rivers from source to estuary, canals, ponds, lakes and sea coasts. Guidance in preparing specimens for subsequent identification is provided. These samples provide representative data on relative species abundance, suitable for numerical analysis, classification and monitoring of environmental conditions.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This guidance standard specifies equipment and procedures for collecting floating pupal exuviae of Chironomidae from aquatic habitats; rivers from source to estuary, canals, ponds, lakes and sea coasts. Guidance in preparing specimens for subsequent identification is provided. These samples provide representative data on relative species abundance, suitable for numerical analysis, classification and monitoring of environmental conditions.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This CEN Technical Report gives one of a series on sludge management options and describes good practice for the disposal of sludges and sludge treatment residues to landfill where national regulations permit.
This document is applicable to sludges described in the scope of CEN/TC 308 i.e. specifically derived from :
- storm water handling ;
- night soil ;
- urban wastewater collecting systems ;
- urban wastewater treatment plants ;
- treating industrial wastewater similar to urban wastewater (as defined in Directive 91/271/EEC ) ;
- water supply treatment plants;
- water distribution systems;
but excluding hazardous sludges from industry.
- Technical report27 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This CEN Technical Report gives one of a series on sludge management options and describes good practice for the disposal of sludges and sludge treatment residues to landfill where national regulations permit.
This document is applicable to sludges described in the scope of CEN/TC 308 i.e. specifically derived from :
- storm water handling ;
- night soil ;
- urban wastewater collecting systems ;
- urban wastewater treatment plants ;
- treating industrial wastewater similar to urban wastewater (as defined in Directive 91/271/EEC ) ;
- water supply treatment plants;
- water distribution systems;
but excluding hazardous sludges from industry.
- Technical report27 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard defines general requirements, performance requirements and conformity test procedures for automated sampling devices (samplers) for water and waste water that:
- sample water and waste water from non-pressurized (i. e. open to atmosphere) channels or vessels;
- sample over extended periods to collect discrete or composite samples based on time, event or flow proportional sampling.
Specific sample integrity requirements are defined for samplers to be used for the collection of samples of final effluent or influent for the purpose of monitoring the performance of waste water treatment works, as required under the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive (UWWTD). Samplers to be used for other industrial applications do not have to be assessed against these specific sample integrity requirements.
This European Standard does not cover the installation and on-going use of samplers.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard defines general requirements, performance requirements and conformity test procedures for automated sampling devices (samplers) for water and waste water that:
- sample water and waste water from non-pressurized (i. e. open to atmosphere) channels or vessels;
- sample over extended periods to collect discrete or composite samples based on time, event or flow proportional sampling.
Specific sample integrity requirements are defined for samplers to be used for the collection of samples of final effluent or influent for the purpose of monitoring the performance of waste water treatment works, as required under the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive (UWWTD). Samplers to be used for other industrial applications do not have to be assessed against these specific sample integrity requirements.
This European Standard does not cover the installation and on-going use of samplers.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
Frequently Asked Questions
An EU Directive is a legislative act of the European Union that sets out goals that all EU member states must achieve. However, it is up to each member state to devise their own laws on how to reach these goals through national transposition. Directives are used to harmonize laws across the EU, particularly for the functioning of the single market.
Directive 91/271/EEC covers "Urban waste-water treatment". There are 10 standards associated with this directive.
Harmonized standards under 91/271/EEC are European standards (ENs) developed by CEN, CENELEC, or ETSI in response to a mandate from the European Commission. When these standards are cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with them benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of 91/271/EEC, facilitating CE marking and free movement within the European Economic Area.